scholarly journals PURIFICATION OF DUG WELL WATER USING ACTIVATED CARBON MADE FROM SAGO FIBER WASTE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Desprianto Desprianto ◽  
Idawati Supu ◽  
Ika Suliawati ◽  
Juwita Juwita ◽  
Erfiana Erfiana
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dug Well

The sago fiber waste is promising as an active carbon material which has a high adsorption in purifying water process. The objective of this research was to make activated carbon from sago fiber waste to be applied for water purification and iron (Fe) adsorption with various of contact time. The carbon activation process uses Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) and calcined at 800 °C for 2 hours. After drying, then analyzed the water content and ash content. Furthermore, surface morphology testing was carried out using SEM. The application of activated carbon was carried out in dig well water purification and filtering iron (Fe) based on variations in contact time of 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes and 40 minutes. Analysis of water content of activated carbon was carried out 3 times with an average value of 3.9662%. Ash content analysis aims to determine the metal oxide content in activated carbon. Analysis of the ash content of activated carbon was carried out 3 times with an average value of 5.3239%. The average value of ash content meets the quality standards of activated carbon SNI 06-3730-1995 where the standard value of ash content for powdered activated carbon is a maximum of 10%. SEM test results show that the surface of the activated carbon is porous but the size is not uniform. The level of Ferrium (Fe) in water that has gone through the purification process using activated carbon. The most effective contact time was obtained, namely 20 minutes and had met the threshold requirements for water turbidity levels according to Minister of Indonesia health. This means that activated carbon from sago fiber is able to adsorb the material contained in water and also very capable in  picking up some bad contents of cloudy and polluted water.

scholarly journals STUDI ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA NAPHTHOL YELLOW S PADA LIMBAH CAIR MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF DARI AMPAS TEBU

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
W. P. Utoo1 ◽  
E. Santoso ◽  
G. Yuhaneka ◽  
A. I. Triantini ◽  
M. R. Fatqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Test Result

The aim of this research is to get activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse with high adsorption capacity to Naphthol Yellow S and to know factors influencing the adsorption capacity. Activated carbon is prepared by incomplete combustion of sugracane bagasse. The resulting carbon is activated with H2SO4 with concentration variation of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 M and is continued by calcination at 400 °C. The measurement of the surface area of ??activated carbon by the methylene blue method indicates that the activation process successfully extends the surface area of carbon from 31.87 m2/g before activation to 66-72 m2/g after activation. Activated carbon with concentration of 2.0 M H2SO4 showed the highest surface area of ??71.85 m2/g, however, the best adsorption was shown by activated carbon with a concentration of 0.5 M H2SO4 with the adsorption capacity of 83.93%. The adsorption test showed that the best amount of adsorbent was 0.2 g with contact time for 30 minutes. Prolonged contact time can decrease the amount of Naphthol Yellow S adsorbed. The best adsorption test result was shown by sample with activator concentration of 0,5 M, mass of 0,2 g and contact time of 30 min with adsorption capacity 95,81% or amount of dye adsorbed equal to 143,72 mg/g. The adsorption study also showed that the entire Naphthol Yellow S adsorption process followed the Langmuir isothemal adsorption model. Qualitative testing of real batik waste indicates that activated carbon can reduce the dyes waste containing Naphthol Yellow Sexhibited by the color of batik waste which is more faded.  

scholarly journals PURIFICATION OF DUG WELL WATER FROM Escherichia coli BY USING CARBON OF RICE HUSK

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Hagar Karlani ◽  
Fahrul Fahrul ◽  
Maria M Meiwati ◽  
Herianus Manimoy ◽  
Loth Botahala
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Dug Well

Clean water is one of the human's main needs. Dug well water in Tombang, used for various needs. However, the dug well water has been polluted by E. Coli bacteria which is suspected to be due to the disposal of rubbish and waste carelessly and also the distance of latrines and dug wells that are very close together. Therefore it is important to do water purification using agricultural waste that is not utilized. The analysis showed that the purification of dug well water in Tombang with rice husk charcoal had reduced E. Coli bacteria by 55.6% with MPN pattern 1-0-3 so that the MPN value was 11/100 mL of sample.

scholarly journals ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU DENGAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT DURIAN MENGGUNAKAN KOH DAN NaOH SEBAGAI AKTIVATOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Hanum ◽  
Rikardo Jgst Gultom ◽  
Maradona Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Maximum Surface

Durian is a kind of tropical fruits which can grow well in Indonesia. Durian is containing 60-75% shell. Durian shell could be a potential alternative to activated carbon because it contains 57.42% carbon. The aim of this research is to know the effect of contact time and  stirring speed to activated carbon adsorption capacity from durian shell with KOH and NaOH as activators. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) analysis showed the activation process effects on  absorption intensity  wavelength region and resulted in formation of C = C aromatic tape, so that the nature of the charcoal becomes more polar compared with the initial condition. Analysis using spectrophotometer UV-Vis to determine  absorbance and  final concentration of each variation of contact time and stirring speed. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH on stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 90 minutes is equal to 3.92 mg / g and 3.8 mg / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH during the stirring speed 130 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes is equal to 1785.263 m2 / g and 1730.332 m2 / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained from this research has met the standards of commercial activated carbon surface area was between 800-1800 m2/ g. Modeling pseudo second order presents a more representative adsorption data, a second order equation is based on the assumption that adsorption step is chemosorption.

scholarly journals Removal of Azo Dyes (Violet B and Violet 5R) from Aqueous Solution Using New Activated Carbon Developed from Orange Peel

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Hashemian ◽  
Khaterah Salari ◽  
Hamila Salehifar ◽  
Zahra Atashi Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Freundlich Isotherms ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

Activated carbon developed from agricultural waste orange peel (COP) was prepared. COP was characterized using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET. COP has surface area and mean pore diameter of 225.6 m2 g−1and 22.40 nm, respectively. The removal of violet B (VB) and violet 5R (V5R) from aqueous solutions by COP was investigated. The effect of operational parameters such as contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of dyes was investigated. Maximum dye was removed within 30 min of contact time at pH > 7. Two common models, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, were used to investigate the interaction of dye and COPs. The isotherm evaluations revealed that the Langmuir model provides better fit to the experimental data than the Freundlich model. The adsorption of VB and V5R onto COP was followed by pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a good correlation (R2>0.99). Activation energies 5.47 and 29.7 KJ mol−1were determined for violet B and violet 5R, respectively. The rate of adsorption of violet 5R was faster than that of violet B (kV5R>kVB). The prepared COP could thus be used as promising adsorbent for removal of organic dyes, especially azo dye, from polluted water. The solid COP could be conveniently regenerated after adsorption.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TEKNIK DAN WAKTU PENGGORENGAN NON VAKUM DAN VAKUM TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ORGANOLEPTIK, DAN KIMIA TUMPI-TUMPI TUNA (Thunnus sp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Yulis Adrianti ◽  
Tamrin Tamrin ◽  
Kobajashi Togo Isamu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Frying Time ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Vacuum Frying

The Effect of Comparison of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) and Flying Fish (Decapterus spp.) In Production of crackers to Organoleptic, Physical and Chemistry AnalysisABSTRACT          This study aims to determine the effect of non-vacuum and vacuum frying techniques and time on the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of tumpi-tumpi tuna (Thunnus sp.). This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with two treatment factors namely the first factor is a frying technique consisting of two levels, namely non-vacuum frying techniques and vacuum frying techniques. The second factor is frying time consisting of three levels is (ten minutes), T2 (twenty minutes), dan T3 (thirty minutes). Organoleptic tests include color, scent, taste, and texture, while chemical testing uses the method BSN 01-2354.2-2006 include water content, ash content, fat content, and carbohydrate content. Based on the results of the research test, showed that the effect of the technique and the time of non-vacuum and vacuum frying on the organoleptic test is color with an average value of 6,46, aroma with an average value of 6,13, taste with an average value of 5,81, and texture with an average value of 5,45. While the proximate test results that the best water content is in the V1T3treatment with an average value of 3,05%, the best ash content is in the V0T3treatment with an average value of 5,27%, the best fat content is in the V0T3treatment with an average value of 14,18%, the best protein content was found in the V1T3treatment with an average value of 13,21%, and carbohydrate content was found in the V0T3treatment with an average value of 65,51%. The conclusion of this research is the effect of the technique and non-vacuum and vacuum frying time have a very significant effect, while the interaction has no significant effect on organoleptic values. While the best proximate test result was found in V0T3treatment with an average value of ash content of 5,27%, the fat content of 14,18%, carbohydrate 65,51%, and for water and protein content of the best treatment was found in V1T3with successive value according to 3,05% and 13,21%. Keywords: Tuna fish (Thunnus sp.), non-vacuum, vacuum, tumpi-tumpi, organoleptic, dan chemistry ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik dan waktu penggorengan non vakum dan vakum terhadap karakteristik organoleptik dan kimia tumpi-tumpi tuna (Thunnus sp.). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu faktor pertama teknik penggorengan yang terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu teknik penggorengan non vakum (V0) dan teknik penggorengan vakum (V1). Faktor kedua adalah waktu penggorengan yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu T1 (10 menit), T2 (20 menit), dan T3 (30 menit). Uji organoleptik meliputi warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur, sedangkan uji kimia menggunakan metode BSN 01-2354.2-2006 meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kadar karbohidrat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh teknik dan waktu penggorengan non vakum dan vakum terhadap uji organoleptik yaitu warna dengan nilai rata-rata 6,46, aroma dengan nilai rata-rata 6,13, rasa dengan nilai rata-rata 5,81, dan tektur dengan nilai rata-rata 5,45. Sedangkan hasil uji proksimat yaitu kadar air terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan V1T3 dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 3,05%, kandungan kadar abu terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan V0T3 dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 5,27%, kandungan kadar lemak terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan V0T3  dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 14,18%, kandungan kadar protein terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan V1T3 dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 13,21%, dan kandungan kadar karbohidrat terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan V0T3  dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 65,51%. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah pengaruh teknik dan waktu penggorengan non vakum dan vakum berpengaruh sangat nyata, sedangkan pada interaksi berpengaruh tidak nyata pada nilai organoleptik sedangkan hasil uji proksimat terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan V0T3 dengan nilai rata-rata kadar abu 5,27%,  kadar lemak 14,18%, karbohidrat 65,51% dan untuk kadar air, dan kadar protein perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada V1T3 dengan nilai berturut-turut 3,05%, dan 13,21%..Kata kunci: Ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.), non vakum, vakum, tumpi-tumpi, organoleptik, dan kimia 

scholarly journals KAJIAN PENURUNAN KADAR BESI (FE) PADA AIR SUMUR GALI MENGGUNAKAN METODE FILTRASI DENGAN VARIASI BESARAN BILANGAN IODINE PADA KARBON AKTIF

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Istika - Sari ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Dwi Sat Agus Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
The People ◽  
Variation Data ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
Maximum Limit

<p>Dermonganti hamlet, Ketitang village, Jumo Sub-distric, Temanggung distric is the area which most of the people use dug well water. The result from the three parameters that are tested. They are TDS, Ph, and iron rate (Fe) that is obtain from the result of iron rate (Fe) 2,56mg/l, 2,525mg/l 2,69 mg/L. The result is more than 1 mg/l means that exceeding the quality standards of maximum limit from the regulation of Minister of Health of the Indonesian Republic number 32 in the year 2017. So, dug well water processing is required through the filtration to reduce iron rate (Fe). The research used a tubular filtration contains a filter media that are sands, pumice, active carbon that have the magnitude of each iodine is 650mg/l, 800mg/l, 1000mg/l with each filter media thickness is 30cm. Parameter reviewed is iron rate (Fe). The processing is carried out with contact time 1 hour, 2 hours, 3hours for every variation. Data analysis used are regression analysis and Anova test. The result of filtration shows the highest removal value of iron rate (Fe) occurs to the 1 unit filtration with 1 hour contact time. The iron rate removal score (Fe) at 1 hour used filter 1 with the sand, pumice and active carbon as filter medias with the iodine number 1000mg/g with the percentage 59,17%. The greater its iodine number of activated carbon shows the increasing value of removal iron rate content.</p><strong>Key words:</strong> Iodine number, Filtration, Iron rate.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI PENURUNAN NILAI BOD, COD DAN TSS LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAPIOKA MENGGUNAKAN ARANG AKTIF DARI AMPAS KOPI

Molekul ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmanto Irmanto ◽  
Suyata Suyata
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Winkler Method

Activated carbon from coffee dregs for TSS, BOD and COD removal of tapioca industrial wastewater has been developed. The research aimed to know the quality of activated carbon from dregs of coffee as adsorbent, consist of total rendemen, water content, ashes content and iodium adsorption; to know about the optimum contact time and optimum pH from activated carbon on reducing BOD, COD and TSS value from tapioca industrial wastewater and also to know about the decrease percentage of BOD, COD and TSS value using activated carbon from dregs of coffee. Activated carbon from dregs of coffee are activated using HCl 0,1 N and carbonization at 350°C in muffle furnace. Then, activated carbon was contacted with the tapioca industrial wastewater and used on decreasing BOD, COD and TSS value from tapioca industrial wastewater with contact time varieties 0, 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes and at pH varieties of wastewater 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. The decreasing of BOD value was measured by Winkler method, decreasing of COD value measured by iodometric method and decreasing of TSS value measured by gravimetric method. The result of the research showed that the activated carbon produced characteristic consist of rendemen 14,55%; water content 3,4%; ashes content 1,88% and iodium adsorption 750,25 mg/g. It is indicated that the activated carbon that is got from dregs of coffee fulfill the criteria required by SNI No. 06-3730-1995. The result of research also showed that the activated carbon from dregs of coffee could be used for reducing the BOD, COD and TSS value in tapioca industrial wastewater at the optimum contact time of 30 minutes and pH 7. The optimum percentage of activated carbon from dregs of coffee in decreasing BOD value of tapioca industrial wastewater are 33,51%; COD value 78,96% and TSS value 61,05%.

scholarly journals Optimizing Conditions to Cholesterol Adsorbed with Carboxymethyl Chitosan

Molekul ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardiyah Kurniasih ◽  
Dwi Kartika ◽  
Riyanti Riyanti
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Full Factorial

A research on optimizing conditions to cholesterol adsorbed have been performed. Optimization was performed by varying: contact time, adsorbent weight and temperature of the system's. A full factorial experimental design was used in this study. Characterization performed on the synthesized chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan including FTIR, water content, ash content, solubility, porosity, and swelling effect. The results showed that carboxymethyl chitosan able to adsorb cholesterol under conditions optimal adsorbent with cholesterol ratio (1:200) with a contact time of 90 minutes at temperature of 40 °C. Meanwhile, at a temperature of 55 °C carboxymethyl chitosan capable of adsorb cholesterol under conditions optimal adsorbent with cholesterol ratio (1:300) with a contact time of 30 minutes. Chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan synthesized has a water content of 7.4 and 10.2%, ash content of 0.14 and 2.29%, solubility in distilled water at 1.10-5and 1.98.10-3%, solubility in acetic acid 0.02 and 0.04%, porosity at 88.3% and 88.8%, and swelling at 163.13 and 182.98%.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Obtained from Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Fruit Stem

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Ekpete ◽  
A. C. Marcus ◽  
V. Osi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Phenolic Group ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Carbonization of carbon obtained from plantain (Musa paradisiaca) stem was achieved at a temperature of 400°C for one hour. The carbonized carbon was divided into two parts to be activated separately. The activated carbon CPPAC (carbonized plantain phosphoric acid activated carbon) and CPZAC (carbonized plantain zinc chloride activated carbon) were produced via the chemical activation process using H3PO4 and ZnCl2. Characterization of pH, bulk density, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, iodine number, and oxygen functional group was conducted. When comparing the surface properties of both CPPAC and CPZAC with the untreated plantain carbon (UPC), it was observed that there existed significant differences in all properties with the exemption of carboxylic group for CPPAC and phenolic group for both CPPAC and CPZAC, thus signifying that a chemical transformation did occur. When comparing the results obtained from CPPAC to that of CPZAC, CPPAC was more preferable for adsorption due to its low bulk density, low ash content, and high iodine value, signifying thus that the activating agents both reacted differently with the plantain stem.

scholarly journals Sorption Membranes and Filter for Water Purification and Disinfection in Outdoor Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Igor Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Dirty Water ◽  
Paper And Pulp

The aim of this article was to develop a simple, cheap, light, highly efficient sorption membrane and filtering device for the purification of naturally polluted water with application in outdoor conditions. Sorption membranes have been prepared from cellulose pulp using paper and pulp technology. The sorbents were introduced into paper pulp as a filler (as activated carbon) or were chemically grafted to cellulose fibers. The absorption ability of such membranes assembled in a filter device has been investigated. The removal of weighted small mechanical particles, microorganisms, dissolved organic contaminants and colloids, and the undesirable ion impurities by the filter was investigated. Using a 10 × 10 cm filter, purification and disinfection of 18 liters of natural polluted water from a lake was done. Purification of dirty water occurs with gravity from a tank (bucket).

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