scholarly journals Analisis Karakteristik Wilayah Transmisi Covid-19 dengan Menggunakan Metode K-Means Clustering

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Dina Tri Utari
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Overseas Travel ◽  
Mitigation Design ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Transmission

Since the beginning of 2020, Indonesia has become one of the countries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Various efforts have been made by the government to prevent wider disease transmission. Large-scale social restrictions are one of the efforts that have been made by the Government. Bali Province is one of the areas where there are quite a lot of community activities, considering that Bali is a tourist destination that is in great demand by local and foreign tourists. This study aims to see the incidence of positive cases of Covid-19 based on the type of Covid-19 transmission that has occurred in all areas of Bali, so that the mitigation design can be adjusted based on the characteristics of the source of infection in various existing areas. The results show that based on the transmission source, it can be grouped into four clusters that have their respective characteristics. The proposed mitigation strategies include restrictions on local transmission and domestic travel for areas in clusters 1, 2, and 3. Meanwhile, restrictions on local transmission and overseas travel are in the 4th cluster. Sejak awal tahun 2020, Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara terkena pandemi Covid-19. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk mencegah transmisi penyakit yang lebih luas. Pembatasan sosial berskala besar menjadi salah satu upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah. Provinsi Bali merupakan salah satu wilayah yang cukup banyak terjadi aktivitas masyarakat, mengingat Bali merupakan kawasan destinasi wisata yang banyak diminati wisatawan lokal maupun mancanegara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kejadian kasus positif Covid-19 berdasarkan jenis transmisi Covid-19 yang terjadi di seluruh wilayah Bali, sehingga rancangan mitigasi dapat disesuaikan berdasarkan karakteristik sumber infeksi di berbagai wilayah yang ada. Hasil menunjukkan, bahwa berdasarkan sumber transmisi dapat dikelompokkan menjadi empat cluster yang memiliki karakteristik masing-masing. Usulan strategi mitigasi yang diberikan antara lain pembatasan transmisi lokal dan perjalanan dalam negeri untuk wilayah yang berada pada cluster 1, 2, dan 3. Sedangkan pembatasan transmisi lokal serta perjalanan luar negeri pada cluster ke-4.

Disparity and Dynamics of Social Distancing Behaviors in Japan: An Investigation of mobile phone mobility data (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Lyu ◽  
Hiroki Takikawa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND The availability of large-scale and fine-grained aggregated mobility data has allowed researchers to observe the dynamic of social distancing behaviors at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Despite the increasing attentions paid to this research agenda, limited studies have focused on the demographic factors related to mobility and the dynamics of social distancing behaviors has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assist in the design and implementation of public health policies by exploring the social distancing behaviors among various demographic groups over time. METHODS We combined several data sources, including mobile tracking data and geographical statistics, to estimate visiting population of entertainment venues across demographic groups, which can be considered as the proxy of social distancing behaviors. Then, we employed time series analyze methods to investigate how voluntary and policy-induced social distancing behaviors shift over time across demographic groups. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of social distancing behaviors and their dynamics across age groups. The population in the entertainment venues comprised mainly of individuals aged 20–40 years, while according to the dynamics of the mobility index and the policy-induced behavior, among the age groups, the extent of reduction of the frequency of visiting entertainment venues during the pandemic was generally the highest among younger individuals. Also, our results indicate the importance of implementing the social distancing policy promptly to limit the spread of the COVID-19 infection. However, it should be noticed that although the policy intervention during the second wave in Japan appeared to increase the awareness of the severity of the pandemic and concerns regarding COVID-19, its direct impact has been largely decreased could only last for a short time. CONCLUSIONS At the time we wrote this paper, in Japan, the number of daily confirmed cases was continuously increasing. Thus, this study provides a timely reference for decision makers about the current situation of policy-induced compliance behaviors. On the one hand, age-dependent disparity requires target mitigation strategies to increase the intention of elderly individuals to adopt mobility restriction behaviors. On the other hand, considering the decreasing impact of self-restriction recommendations, the government should employ policy interventions that limit the resurgence of cases, especially by imposing stronger, stricter social distancing interventions, as they are necessary to promote social distancing behaviors and mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL None

scholarly journals Health hazards to wild birds and risk factors associated with anthropogenic food provisioning

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1745) ◽  
pp. 20170091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becki Lawson ◽  
Robert A. Robinson ◽  
Mike P. Toms ◽  
Kate Risely ◽  
Susan MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Resource Subsidies ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Bird Feeders

Provision of supplementary food for wild birds at garden feeding stations is a common, large-scale and year-round practice in multiple countries including Great Britain (GB). While these additional dietary resources can benefit wildlife, there is a concomitant risk of disease transmission, particularly when birds repeatedly congregate in the same place at high densities and through interactions of species that would not normally associate in close proximity. Citizen science schemes recording garden birds are popular and can integrate disease surveillance with population monitoring, offering a unique opportunity to explore inter-relationships between supplementary feeding, disease epidemiology and population dynamics. Here, we present findings from a national surveillance programme in GB and note the dynamism of endemic and emerging diseases over a 25-year period, focusing on protozoal (finch trichomonosis), viral (Paridae pox) and bacterial (passerine salmonellosis) diseases with contrasting modes of transmission. We also examine the occurrence of mycotoxin contamination of food residues in bird feeders, which present both a direct and indirect (though immunosuppression) risk to wild bird health. Our results inform evidence-based mitigation strategies to minimize anthropogenically mediated health hazards, while maintaining the benefits of providing supplementary food for wild birds. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host–parasite dynamics in wildlife’.

scholarly journals Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic: A modelling study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212097946
Author(s):  
Salah Al Awaidy ◽  
Ozayr Mahomed
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic in Oman. Methods: Data were retrieved from published national surveillance data between 24 February and 30 June 2020. To show the impact of the Government introduced public health intervention early in the epidemic, we used a simple disease-transmission model equation of the 2019-n CoV epidemic. Results: From all confirmed cases, the rates of intensive care unit admission were 4.56% (1824). We estimated an R0 of 3.11 with no intervention would result in nearly the entire population of Oman being infected within 65 days. A reduction of the R0 to 1.51 provided an estimated 89,056 confirmed cases, with 167 deaths or 0.4% mortality by June 30 with a requirement of 4052 intensive care unit beds. The current scenario (24 February to 30 June 2020) indicates an R0 of 1.41, resulting in 40,070 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 176 deaths and 69% of confirmed cases recovered. Conclusion: In early implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, an intensive lockdown has had a profound impact on the mitigation of a large-scale COVID-19 outbreak in Oman.

scholarly journals A Year of Covid-19: A Long Road to Recovery and Acceleration of Indonesia's Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Muhyiddin Muhyiddin ◽  
Hanan Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Government Work ◽  
Deficit Financing ◽  
Aggregate Growth ◽  
The Government

2020 is the year of Covid-19, Indonesia feels the enormity of this pandemic in various aspects of development. The Indonesian economy during the year slowed down to minus 5.3 percent in the second quarter of 2020 and in aggregate growth was minus 2.1 percent in 2020. The target of development planning in the National Medium Term Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah/RPJMN) 2020-2024 was revised through the updating of the Government Work Plan (Rencana Kerja Pemerintah/RKP) in 2020, with the main priority of overcoming Covid-19. Then development began to be intensified in 2021 to pursue national priority targets that were abandoned due to Covid-19. The 2020 State Budget allocates around IDR 937.42 trillion for the prevention of Covid-19, including the accumulated APBD (Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget) IDR 86.32 trillion, which makes the deficit financing for that year reach IDR 1,226.8 trillion. The Covid-19 pandemic control policy through Large-Scale Social Restrictions Policy (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar/PSBB) has had ups and downs, especially when coupled with the new normal policy. The Policy for Limiting Micro-Community Activities (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat/PPKM) as a substitute for PSBB was implemented in early February and the parallel national vaccination program is expected to support accelerated development as outlined in the RKP 2021. In 2021, the Covid-19 pandemic is still high in the world, and the acceleration of development proclaimed by the government gets a stretch of road that extends to be traversed.

scholarly journals Government Effort in Preventing The Spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 953-958
Author(s):  
Ratnawati Ratnawati
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Short Time

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndr ome Coronavirus2. Sars-Cov-2 is a new type of coronavirus that infects thousands of millions of people in the world in a short time. Anticipating the increase in the spread of infection due to COVID-19, the government urges all people to adopt a new lifestyle during the pandemic. Prevention efforts carried out by the government are the implementation of Health Protocols, Adaptation of New Habits, Large-Scale Social Restrictions, and Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities. This scientific work aims to determine the prevention efforts made by the government in reducing the spread of covid-19. This research method uses literature studies or studies of journals regarding the prevention of COVID-19. The results show that the efforts made by the DKI Jakarta Government in preventing the spread of covid-19 by implementing Health Protocols (washing hands with soap, wearing masks, social distancing, maintaining distance, self-isolation), New Adaptations/New Normal, Large-Scale Social Restrictions, and Enforcement Restrictions on Community Activities. The conclusion is the efforts to prevent the spread of covid-19 carried out by the DKI Jakarta Government as a change in the order of people's lives by applying various rules. This is done to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in the community. Then it is necessary to enforce strict and real punishments for violators in the form of fines large enough to create a deterrent effect for people who violate the policies and rules that have been applied.

scholarly journals People's Intention to Visit Tourist Destinations during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Umi Faricha Bascha ◽  
Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum ◽  
Dwi Setiani Sumardiko ◽  
Dian Yuli Reindrawati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
The Government

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected tourism sectors, for example, resulting in social restrictions and travel restrictions. The declining number of tourists visiting tourist destinations has impacted cities for tourists including Surabaya. This paper aimed to analyze the Surabaya people's desire to make a leisure trip during the pandemic. A total of 121 questionnaires from 500 distributed ones which met the criteria were analyzed. The findings showed that the majority of Surabaya's residents had no intention of traveling during the pandemic as the Surabaya government implemented many travel restrictions, including large-scale social restrictions (LSSR) several times. The travel restrictions reduced the chance for traveling out of and into the Surabaya areas. The results of the questionnaires showed that green tourism would be the most chosen tourist destination by the respondents to visit if the pandemic calmed down. Culinary tours were placed in the second rank, followed by marine tourism and religious tourism. Suggestions for further research are that the government can provide more massive counseling about the importance of maintaining cleanliness. For instance, it needs to promote changing masks regularly and educating the public about the importance of Cleanliness Health Environment and Safety (CHSE) applied by all tourist destinations and other public places.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Pembuatan WA Group Bisnis dalam Meningkatkan Pemasaran Ibu-Ibu di Perumahan Puri Depok Mas, Depok

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Laras Cempaka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Cluster Area ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Government

Economic activities in society during this pandemic need to be increased. Among them is by moving the economy from small community groups in residential areas. There is a huge opportunity for economic activity in today's residential areas, especially after the government adopted the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restriction) policy, which in the end, many community activities were transferred to their respective areas of residence. This is an opportunity for the surrounding community to build their economic passion. One of the strategies is to create a forum in order to improve marketing, increase capabilities through knowledge sharing sessions and rotate the economy between people. The activities carried out in this service area by creating a business community in the WhatsApp group (WAG) platform and managing the business activities in it. There are approximately 226 residents of the Puri Depok Mas (Depok) cluster area who are members of this community. PDM Market Partners, which are business communities in the cluster area, have been established since the pandemic, with members as members of sellers and buyers. Sellers are dominated by new businesses, some of which were established during the pandemic. With the existence of a business community through this WAG, it can accommodate all the needs of the seller with regard to the scope of his business and to the buyer for the goods he needs.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Through the Lens of Islamic Law: An Indonesian Case

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Mohammad Syahrul RA ◽  
Yusuf Hamdika ◽  
Sholahuddin Al-Fatih
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a virus founded in China, has spread worldwide as it has become pandemic. As a result, significant and detrimental impacts are undeniable to global citizens, including those in Indonesia. With the government's suggestions like introducing physical distancing and large-scale social restriction, they slow down economic growth. Also, they impact religious practices, particularly those performed by Muslims in Indonesia. This paper will discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of Islamic law. There are two main issues to analyze. First, what is the impact of COVID-19 on community activities in the view of Islamic law? Second, what is the impact of COVID-19 on religious communities in carrying out worship? This paper finds that the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted religious worship activities in public places by considering this virus's rapid transmission. It is followed by the closure of worship places to encourage citizens to practice their religious activities at home. Thus, the whole community was urged, and some were prohibited following the mapping zone experienced by each region. Given Islamic law believed and trusted by Muslims, in the end, the government has issued a new normal policy by opening places of worship with health protocols. KEYWORDS: COVID-19, Islamic Law, Religious Practices, Indonesian Muslims.

Land Use Change and Commodity Frontiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Cáceres ◽  
Esteban Tapella ◽  
Diego A. Cabrol ◽  
Lucrecia Estigarribia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Management Recommendations

Argentina is experiencing an expansion of soya and maize cultivation that is pushing the agricultural frontier over areas formerly occupied by native Chaco forest. Subsistance farmers use this dry forest to raise goats and cattle and to obtain a broad range of goods and services. Thus, two very different and non-compatible land uses are in dispute. On the one hand subsistance farmers fostering an extensive and diversified forest use, on the other hand, large-scale producers who need to clear out the forest to sow annual crops in order to appropriate soil fertility. First, the paper looks at how these social actors perceive Chaco forest, what their interests are, and what kind of values they attach to it. Second, we analyze the social-environmental conflicts that arise among actors in order to appropriate forest’s benefits. Special attention is paid to the role played by the government in relation to: (a) how does it respond to the demands of the different sectors; and (b) how it deals with the management recommendations produced by scientists carrying out social and ecological research. To put these ideas at test we focus on a case study located in Western Córdoba (Argentina), where industrial agriculture is expanding at a fast pace, and where social actors’ interests are generating a series of disputes and conflicts. Drawing upon field work, the paper shows how power alliances between economic and political powers, use the institutional framework of the State in their own benefit, disregarding wider environmental and social costs. 

Financial and Economic Support of Innovation Processes in the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
L. D. Kapranova ◽  
T. V. Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the current state of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) that ensures generation of a significant part of the budget and the innovative development of the economy.The purpose of the research was to establish priority directions for the development of the FEC sectors based on a comprehensive analysis of their innovative and investment activities. The dynamics of investment in the fuel and energy sector are considered. It is noted that large-scale modernization of the fuel and energy complex requires substantial investment and support from the government. The results of the government programs of corporate innovative development are analyzed. The results of the research identified innovative development priorities in the power, oil, gas and coal sectors of the fuel and energy complex. The most promising areas of innovative development in the oil and gas sector are the technologies of enhanced oil recovery; the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves; the production of liquefied natural gas and its transportation. In the power sector, the prospective areas are activities aimed at improving the performance reliability of the national energy systems and the introduction of digital technologies. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that the innovation activities in the fuel and energy complex primarily include the development of new technologies, modernization of the FEC technical base; adoption of state-of-the-art methods of coal mining and oil recovery; creating favorable economic conditions for industrial extraction of hard-to-recover reserves; transition to carbon-free fuel sources and energy carriers that can reduce energy consumption and cost as well as reducing the negative FEC impact on the environment.

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