scholarly journals Detoxification and nutritional enrichment of cassava waste pulp using Rhizopus oligosporus and Aspergillus niger

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Adelodun Lawrence Kolapo ◽  
Raoofat Olamide Salami ◽  
Ismail Onajobi ◽  
Flora Emilia Oluwafemi ◽  
Abosede Oyeyemi Fawole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Rhizopus Oligosporus ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Cassava Varieties ◽  
Cassava Waste

The present study evaluated the detoxification and nutritional enrichment potentials of the fermented cassava waste pulp obtained through different processing methods of sweet (S) and bitter (B) cassava varieties by fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus and Aspergillus niger. Four batches [two with both bark and cortex of the tuber removed (S- and B-), two with bark only removed (S+ and B+)] of cassava waste pulp (CWP) were produced from each of S and B varieties. CWP from the four treatments were then subjected to Rhizopus oligosporus, Aspergillus niger, and natural fermentation. Cyanide (mg HCN/kg), phytate (mg/100g), tannin (mg/100g), pH, crude protein (N X6.25) (%), ash (%), Fe, P, K and Ca (mg/100g) content of the unfermented and fermented CWP were determined using standard procedures. The range of the reduction (%) in cyanide content for Rhizopus oligosporus fermented CWP (RCWP), Aspergillus niger fermented CWP (ACWP), and naturally fermented CWP (NCWP) were 86.24 – 91.95, 79.68 – 84.34 and 72.96 – 78.58 while those for phytate were 58.82 – 71.20, 29.98 – 39.26 and 36.16 – 40.32 respectively. Fermentation had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the tannin content while the pH range of NCWP, RCWP and ACWP were 7.20 – 7.50, 5.41 – 6.40, and 3.83 – 4.21, respectively. The  range of the increase (%) in the protein content for NCWP, RCWP, and ACWP was 346 – 375 , 671 – 728 and 508 – 542  while those of the ash content were 7.16 – 7.91, 6.72 – 6.84, and 5.42 – 5.63 respectively. Of all the examined minerals, only calcium increased by 5.68 – 26.89, 49.96 - 70.43, and 59.71 – 98.87 % in NCWP, RCWP, and ACWP respectively. Results from the present study are indicating that controlled fermentation offers greater benefit over natural fermentation and that the cassava variety and not the peeling method will determine the extent of detoxification and nutrient enrichment.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage on the Nutritional Composition and Mycoflora of Sphenostylis stenocarpa Stored for Twenty Weeks

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Dayo Fagbohun ◽  
Fakiyesi Ifeoluwa Samuel ◽  
Ayodeji Segun Ogundahunsi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Sphenostylis Stenocarpa

The nutritional and mycoflora changes in dried African yam beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) were investigated during a storage period of twenty weeks. The result of the proximate analysis (g/100 g) showed that the following moisture content decreased from 11.15-9.80, fat 1.25-0.49, crude fibre 6.18-2.64, crude protein 77.92-62.14 while the ash content increased from 3.20-3.78, carbohydrate content 0.36-18.32. The mineral analysis (mg/100 g) showed a decrease in all parameters investigated, sodium (Na) 2.57-1.35, potassium (K) 42.26-31.75, calcium (Ca) 21.45-12.56, magnesium (Mg) 27.75-20.72, iron (Fe) 0.25-0.12, zinc (Zn) 0.06-0.05, copper (Cu) 0.03-0.03, phosphorus (P) 32.08-22.03, manganese (Mn) 0.11-0.06, chromium (Cr) 0.002-0.001. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) were not detected. Five fungi comprising four genera were isolated using direct plating, washing and dilution methods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), and identified using their cultural and morphological features with reference to standard procedures. The fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Mucor sp. and Phytophthora palmivora. It can be concluded that storage encourages proliferation of mycoflora thereby leading to reduction in the nutritional and mineral composition of the stored sample.

Microbiological analysis of Udo Anwankwo river in Ikot Ekpene, South-South Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 005-011
Author(s):  
Jonathan Okokon Ekanem ◽  
Divine Jacob Ottong
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Microbial Analysis

The microbiological study of water samples obtained from Udo Anwankwo River was investigated. Water samples were collected from three different sampling points along the course of the river and analyzed using standard procedures. The total bacterial counts, total coliform counts and total fungal counts of the water samples ranged from 2.6×105 to 4.8×105cfu/ml, 1.2×104 to 1.8×105cfu/ml and 0.24×103 to 1.9×103cfu/ml respectively. A total of nine bacteria species belonging to the following genera, Bacillus, Salmonella, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Enterobacter and Streptococcus were isolated and identified from the samples, while five fungal isolates including members of the genera Aspergillus niger, Mucor, Penicillum, Rhizopus and Fusarium were isolated. The study through microbial analysis has revealed that the river water sample was not free from pathogens and thereby not suitable for potable use. There is need to put adequate measures towards the control of pollution and proper treatment of the water before usage as it contains pathogenic organisms.

Liberation and recovery of phenolic antioxidants and lipids in chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace by solid-state bioprocessing using Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oligosporus strains

LWT ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisc Vasile Dulf ◽  
Dan Cristian Vodnar ◽  
Eva-Henrietta Dulf ◽  
Zoriţa Diaconeasa ◽  
Carmen Socaciu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Rhizopus Oligosporus ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa

scholarly journals Comparison of agronomic characters of Festulolium, Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes under high elevation conditions in Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Akgun ◽  
Metin Tosun ◽  
Suleyman Sengul
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Significant Difference

Prior {Lolium perenne × Festuca pratensis) and Elmet (Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratensis) cultivars were compared with Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes for some agronomical characteristics (green and dry matter yields, crude protein, seed yield, crude ash content) under Erzurum ecological conditions. Analysis of variance and mean separation were performed using the SPSS 11.0 computer program. There was a significant difference among genotypes in every character tested except for green and dry matter yield and crude ash content. Hybrid genotypes had higher plant height, dry and green matter yield, seed yield per plant and crude protein yield except 1000-seed weight. Elmet performed better than Prior except for seed yield per plant.   Key words: Festulolium, Lolium, Festuca, Yield, Crude protein, Crude ash doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1556 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 1-6, 2008 (June)

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Proximate and Micro-Nutritional Benefits of Pawpaw, Carrots, Turmeric and Coconut

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
CO Ajenu ◽  
◽  
EE Imhontu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Sensory Attribute ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Mg Content

Natural products are essential components in the human diet providing vital micronutrients such as vitamins (A, B, C, E) and minerals (calcium, potassium, sodium etc.) that are essential for proper growth and development as well as playing other roles in normal body function or metabolism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the proximate and micronutrient composition of some selected plant samples: pawpaw, carrots, turmeric and coconut. The proximate and micronutrient composition of the different fruits evaluation was carried out using methods. Results obtained shows that carrot have the highest moisture content of 84.1%, pawpaw have the highest fiber content of 23.8%, crude protein content of 12.8% and ash content of 9.6%. Coconuts have the highest fat content of 43.0% and the highest carbohydrate content was recorded in turmeric (68.59%). Highest vitamin C content was recorded in pawpaw 60.3 mg, while coconut have the highest zinc (8.0 mg), copper (4.2 mg) and iron (21.3 mg) content. Carrots have the highest sodium content of 84.0 mg. These fruits are cheap and rich in several micronutrients thus consuming them often will help reduce micronutrient malnutrition. They can also be processed into various forms domestically and on industrial scale for juices, soups, etc and can also be used to complement other foods to improve both nutrient and sensory attribute.

scholarly journals Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional potential of Talinum triangulare (Jacq) leaf, stem and root on human health

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Ilodibia ◽  
Ngozi Igboabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Talinum Triangulare ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Nutritional Potential ◽  
Nutrient Compositions

Phytochemical and nutritional potentials of various parts (leaf, stem and root) of Talinum triangulare were evaluated using standard techniques. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed in data analysis. All the parts of the species were found to contain nutrient compositions in varying levels. Dry matter and carbohydrate were highest in the stem (91.69±0.12 and 68.66±0.01) respectively. Moisture, ash content and crude fibre were highest in the root (9.78±0.04, 17.53±0.11and 15.32±0.03) respectively while ether extract and crude protein were highest in the leaf (1.09±0.01 and 17.72±0.17) respectively. The results showed also varying quantities of the phytochemicals in the leaf, stem and root with some parts lacking some of the phytochemicals. The leaf contained the highest percentage of all the phytochemical investigated alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, sterol, Terpenoid, phenol and saponin (0.47±0.01, 0.26±0.00, 0.36±0.07, 0.03±0.01, 0.42±0.02, 0.02±0.01and 0.68±0.05 respectively. The root lacked sterol and phenol while stem lacked only phenol. The leaf, stem and root lacked cyanogenic glycoside. The results have indicated that these parts of the Talinum triangulare investigated are very nutritious and possessed bioactive compounds that could be extracted for the manufacture of new drug, food supplements and also be used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of diseases.

scholarly journals A comparative study of assessing organic matter decomposition between composting and vermicomposting process

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-776
Author(s):  
MZ Rahman ◽  
AKMA Kabir ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
SMA Islam ◽  
MR Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Typical Temperature

The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of organic matter degradation between composting and vermicomposting as well as the possibility of making compost and vermicompost using cattle manure. The experiment was conducted with two treatments, where one was conventional composting (T1) and another was vermicomposting (T2) from cattle manure. The sample from composted materials was collected at 0, 20, 40 and 60th day of experiment. Parameter studied were dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash content of the samples as well as pH and temperature change during the experimental period. Results found that a significant higher DM (P<0.01) was found in T1 compared to T2. The CF degradation rate was significantly higher (P<0.01) in T2 compared to T1 group. The CP content also found significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 compared to T1 group. There were no significant differences in EE and ash content as well as pH between the treatment groups. A typical temperature curve was found in T1 during active composting phase but the temperature was more or less same in T2 during the whole experimental period. From the experiment, it was found that crude fiber degradation rate is faster and CP content was higher in the T2 compared to T1 that might be indicated that vermicomposting is more beneficial than composting. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 768-776

scholarly journals Feed intake, nutrient utilisation and growth performance of West African dwarf rams fed silage combinations of maize forage and Mucuna pruriens foliage

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
B. O. Alabi ◽  
T. O. Ososanya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

Crude protein is essentially needed for ruminants but expensive to supply. Mucuna puriens is a high yielding domesticated legume. When the legume is strategically combined with a fibre source, it will make a good diet for ruminants. Thus, a study was carried out to assess the effect of ensiling mucuna with maize forage on performance of rams. In the study, rams were fed silage combinations of Maize Forage (MF) and Mucuna pruriens foliage (MPF). Downy mildew and streak resistant (DMR-SR) yellow variety maize was planted and harvested as MF at six weeks of growth and ensiled with MPF at four levels : 1:0, 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 for 21 days. All the four silages were fed to 20 WAD rams (12.00±0.25 Kg) in a completely randomised design for 105 days. Proximate composition of the silages, apparent nutrient digestibility of silages in WAD rams, feed intake and weight changes were determined using standard procedures, while feed conversion ratio was computed using standard procedures. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05...The dry matter (DM) was significantly higher in T1 (25.65±0.62) and T2 (23.48±0.47) than T3 (21.80±0.41) and T4 (21.57±0.40). The crude protein (CP) was highest in T4 (13.0±0.6) and least in T1 (8.0±0.2). The crude fibre was significantly higher in T1 (26.4±2.6) and T2 (26.2±2.0) than T3 (24.0±1.8) and T4 (21.6±0.9). Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was highest in T2 (59.2±1.7) and least in T4 (37.7±1.9), while percentage nitrogen retention was significantly higher in T2 (43.2±3.8) and lower in T1 (20.0±4.3). The FCR for rams fed T2 was significantly lower (8.84±1.2) than T1 (9.76±0.80), T3 (9.60 ±0.60) and T4 (11.50±0.90) Ensiling maize forage with Mucuna pruriens foliage at 3:1 enhanced nutrient digestibility and growth performance in West African dwarf rams without any deleterious effect.

scholarly journals Influence of knolkhol on quality characteristics of chicken meat balls

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2221-2227
Author(s):  
Ifrah Khursheed ◽  
Julie Dogra Bandral ◽  
Monika Sood ◽  
Naseer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Energy Dense Food

Poultry meat is a major source of high biological value protein. The incorporation of fiber in meat helps to enhance its nutritive value with added health benefits that demonstrates a relationship between a diet containing an excess of energy- dense food rich in fats and sugar and the emergence of a range of chronic disease and several others. While studying the effect of fiber incorporation on the functional parameters it was observed that cooking yield (%) and emulsion stability (%) significantly decreased and the values were 91.94 % and 91.13 % in control and 87.28 % and 87.01 % in case of T7 (18% KnolKhol powder). The physico chemical analysis revealed that with addition of Knolkhol powder (3%) level, the pH decreased from 6.31 to 6.26, TBARS from 0.39 to 0.33 (mg malonaldehyde /Kg), ash content from 2.60 to 2.52 % crude protein 17.15 to 17.10 %, whereas moisture increased from 66.06 to 67.11 %, crude fiber from 0.58 to 0.65 %. Coliform were not evident in the stored samples up to 30 days of storage, however psychrophyll count was found after 30 days of storage. The total psychrophillic count in control samples was 0.36 (log cfu/g) which increased to 0.81 (log cfu/g) with addition of 25% Sweet Corn paste.

Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Nutritional Content Using Various Culture Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Ase Lestari ◽  
T.H Wahyuni ◽  
T.H Wahyuni ◽  
E. Mirwandhono ◽  
N. Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
The Media

Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is an insect that is environmentally friendly and can be mass produced and does not compete with humans. In addition, insect cultivation can reduce organic waste that has the potential to pollute the environment. Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has a high crude protein content of 42.1%. The length of the life cycle and the high and low nutrient content of the maggot are influenced by the maggot growing media used. In this study using EM4 as a bio-activator for fermentation of rice bran, coconut dregs, tofu dregs and palm kernel cake. The function of this fermentation is to increase the nutrients contained in this material which will later be used as a growing medium for maggot and maggot is one of the alternatives to feed protein sources from fish meal. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) 5 treatments and 4 replications, with the weight of each experimental unit the media content is 1 kg and filled with 1 g of BSF eggs and the media size is 37 cm long, 26 cm wide and 10 cm high. The parameters of this study consisted of maggot production and maggot nutritional content, namely moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates. Based on research results P0 (100% fermented rice bran) obtained an average maggot production of 525g, KA maggot 8,16%, KAb maggot 7,83%, PK maggot 44,82%, LK maggot 21,62% and 17.58% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P1 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% fermented coconut dregs) obtained an average maggot production of 467.5g, KA maggot 9,57%, KAb maggot 9,03%, PK maggot 44,68%, LK maggot 20,51% and 16.20% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P2 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% fermented tofu dregs) obtained an average maggot production of 545.25g, KA maggot 9,02%, KAb maggot 8,32%, PK maggot 44,74%, LK maggot 18,57% and 20.09% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P3 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% palm kernel cake) obtained an average maggot production of 542g, KA maggot 9,16%, KAb maggot 9,22%, PK maggot 43,72%, LK maggot 19,87% and 18.02% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P4 (25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented tofu dregs + 25% fermented coconut dregs + 25% palm kernel cake) obtained an average maggot production of 831.5g, KA maggot 9,08%, KAb maggot 9,35%, PK maggot 44,38%, LK maggot 17,01% and 20.18% maggot carbohydrates respectively. From the research results, it can be concluded that the use of culture media with a combination of 25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented coconut dregs + 25% fermented tofu dregs + 25% fermented palm kernel meal is the best combination where the production reaches 831.5 g bsf and 20 carbohydrates. , 18% but could not increase moisture content, ash content, crude protein and crude fat.

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