scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS OF THE RURAL POPULATION OF THE PREDVOLZHSKY ECONOMIC REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
A.R. Mukhametov ◽  
I.T. Gaisin ◽  
V.А. Rubtsov ◽  
V.P. Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Country People

The study of rural population in the regional context makes it possible to identify demographic problems and analyze the factors influencing the state of rural population and settlements of the republic on the example of the Predvolzhsky agrarian economic region (Predvolzhie) of the Republic of Tatarstan with predominantly rural population. The period for considering the development of the rural population of the economic region was chosen from 1959 to 2019, since the Soviet period of the development of the planned economy and the formation of market relations in agriculture in the republic has its own characteristics and aspects. A significant impact on the rural population of the republic was exerted by the large-scale diversified development of industrial production: the automotive industry, petrochemical production, and the electric power industry. The study reveals the complex impact of historical, geographical, social, economic, transport factors affecting the demographic processes in the rural population of this economic region. The dynamics of changes in the main indicators of demographic processes of the rural population of the Volga region is considered on the example of Apastovsky, Buinsky, Drozhzhanovsky, Kaibitsky, Kamsko-Ustinsky and Tetyushsky rural municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. The article shows the internal territorial differences in the population density of the Predvolzhsky economic region and analyzes the main demographic indicators (birth rate, mortality, decline in dynamics over 60 years), and also reveals positive and negative trends of these indicators using the example of specific municipal areas. The analysis of changes in the dynamics of the rural population and settlements and the reasons for its decrease is presented on the basis of statistical materials of the All-Union and All-Russian population censuses. The article identifies three periods of development of the rural population in the municipal districts of the Predvolzhsky economic region of the Republic of Tatarstan, which reflect the general picture of the vector of development of the rural population of the republic in the period under study. The current crisis state of the demographic indicators of the agrarian economic region shows the need for targeted management decisions in this direction. The research emphasizes that at the moment the country people need economic stability. Existence in rural areas of jobs, the stable salary will allow to stabilize a situation of reduction of country people.

Rural multifunctional social centers and their investment potential: from foreign experience to domestic practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gennadievich Novikov ◽  
Elena Ivanovna Semenova ◽  
Andrey Gennadievich Paptsov ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Urban Labor Markets

Other features of the modern Russian rural society include the weakening of the position of agriculture itself, the increasing diversity of rural employment, the formation of rural-urban labor markets, all of which are directly related to the saturation of rural areas with urban residents, which gives impetus to the use of innovative forms of investment activity in the social sphere of emerging rural agglomerations. At the same time, the tasks set in the new State Program "Integrated Development of Rural Territories" (the beginning of implementation of which falls on January 2020) are not large-scale both to the existing networks of rural social services, and to the system of rural settlement and the nature of demographic processes in rural areas of Russia. There is an institutional imbalance, in which the management of the infrastructural development of the rural sociosphere is extremely difficult, and requires the introduction of new mechanisms, including related. The purpose of the study is to summarize the domestic and foreign experience of creating multifunctional public centers in rural areas, as well as to identify the possibility of realizing their investment potential. It is shown that the functioning of multifunctional public centers is an effective method for improving the quality of life of the rural population in the socio-cultural, socioeducational, social and leisure, social and household, tourist and educational spheres. The generalization of foreign experience allows us to distinguish centers by their functions (on the basis of educational institutions, cultural institutions, leisure centers); by spatial solution (in one building or several buildings); by location in a settlement (in the center of a settlement, near a transport hub, in an inter-settlement equidistant space). The domestic experience of providing multidisciplinary services to the rural population is primarily associated with two integrated approaches, when the resource-based approach.

Dynamic monitoring of changes in medical and demographic indicators in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from 1998 to 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

We studied the medical and demographic indicators in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the last 20 years (1998–2018). A decrease in the population by 4,7 % (р<0,01) was revealed in the Russian Federation in the period 1998–2008, 3,4 % decrease, followed by its growth by 2,8 % (р<0,01); a decrease in the number of rural population in the republic and an increase in the urban population were observed. By the beginning of 2019, in comparison with the 2003 data, an increase in the population by 1.9% (р<0,01), a decrease in the number of able-bodied people in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) at the beginning of 2019, as compared to 1998, were revealed, by 8,2 %, in the Russian Federation – by 4,7 % (р<0,01). In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) the birth rate remains high, the mortality rate is relatively low, and the natural population growth is maintained.

Cоциальная мобильность и миграционные настроения сельской молодежи региона (по результатам социологического исследования)

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
Nogan V. Badmaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Life Plans ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of the sociological survey of the young rural population of the Republic of Kalmykia on the problems of migration. The study analyzes the main goals and directions of the migration of young people. The results of the survey showed that the basic factors of the migration from rural areas are low level salaries, lack of work places, undeveloped infrastructure. The low level of social conditions is also one of the factors of migration of young people. The majority of the respondents plan to live in metropolises of Russia. No one of the respondents wants to live in a rural area. Thus, the analysis of the survey results showed that for young rural population the main channel for mobility is migration. It is important to note that rural area settlements have low level of attractiveness and prestige among contemporary young people which is due to low quality and level of life and the lack of preconditions for implementing life plans and strategies of the young people of the region.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN REPUBLICS OF DAGESTAN

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Magomed Gimbatov
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
The Republic

The article considers the potential of Dagestan aquaculture (with trout as case study) to increase the level of social and economic development of rural areas of the republic. An economic analysis of the prospects for the development of forestry was carried out taking into account the territorial features of the Republic of Dagestan. The study shows that the socio-economic effect of the trout farming development in Dagestan can be considered as particularly significant. Its successful implementation will accelerate the solution of the following problems of the republic: - Increase of self-sufficiency of the population, fish products of own production, with fresh and high quality; - Increased consumption of fish products per capita, especially in rural areas; - Expansion of the tax base and increase of cash receipts, in the form of taxes and other payments to the budget and extrabudgetary funds at all levels; - Creation of a significant number of new jobs in rural areas and, as a result, the reduction of rural migration to urban areas; - The revival of fish processing plants; - Increased production of environmentally friendly food products in the region. The results of the study can be used in the development of the Rural Development Strategy of the region. Sustainable and large-scale development of aquaculture (fish farming) will bring the economy of the area to a higher level and make a significant contribution to improving the well-being of the rural population of the Republic of Dagestan.

Responses in the west of Ireland to civil rights protest in Northern Ireland, 1968–72

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (159) ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Madden
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The West ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
West Of Ireland

Abstract1968 has become synonymous with the large-scale global protests of that year. International scholarship has increasingly sought to examine instances of these protests in global peripheries, and amongst the most studied examples is Northern Ireland. The growth of civil rights protest in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s, which emerged from long-standing feelings of exclusion amongst the Catholic minority of the predominantly Protestant polity, was influenced by a broader international discourse of protest associated with the long 1968, notably the African-American civil rights movement. Simultaneously, in the west of Ireland, a number of protest groups also emerged in the late 1960s, frustrated at their communities’ perceived neglect by the government of the Republic of Ireland. This article will examine the emergence of these protest movements, discussing groups in the Galway Gaeltacht and other peripheral rural areas of Connacht, student activists in University College Galway, and campaigns challenging racism against the Travelling community. It will argue that they were influenced by the global protests associated with the long 1968, most notably by events across the border. For the purpose of the article, the ‘west of Ireland’ refers to the five Connacht counties of Galway, Roscommon, Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim.

Customary Rightholders and Legal Claimants to Land in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1870-1890

1992 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Priscilla Smith Naro
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

The transition from slave to free labor in the Americas involved many and varied forms of internal labor and land adjustments which affected slaves, landless farmers, and large scale producers in rural areas. Unlike Haiti and the United States South, the Brazilian process of emancipation was gradual and did not involve violent structural ruptures with the past. The Land Law of 1850, the Law of the Free Womb of 1871 and the 1885 Sexagenarian Law marked fundamental phases in an ongoing process of state participation in the organization of the free labor market, which culminated in Abolition on 13 May 1888, and the onset of the Republic on 15 November of the following year. Current analyses of the late nineteenth century emphasize continuity and define the state as its own agent, embarking on a course of conservative modernization which unfolded during the process of transition from the liberalism of a nineteenth-century empire to the interventionist Republic which was ushered in, in 1889. The planter class, joined with emerging but weak Brazilian industrial and financial sectors and upheld by the military, contributed to an Estado Oligárquico, in Marcelo Carmagnani's terminology, linked by coffee production into the world economy as a flourishing dependent peripheral economy. But the process, which until recently was associated with the coffee export sector and its relation to urbanization and industrialization, has now taken on broader dimensions. A developed domestic economy, composed of a complex and sophisticated internal food supply network, operated alongside the export economy throughout the nineteenth century. Although unstudied from the political perspective of small-scale food producers who were displaced by the coffee economy, the broader issue of food provision could not be dissociated from conservative modernization, the basic issues of which would be carried forth during the course of the First Republic in the form of “Ruralismo.”

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURAL TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Дафик Хафизов ◽  
Dafik Khafizov ◽  
Марсель Хисматуллин ◽  
Marsel Khismatullin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Agricultural Tourism

The article reflects the main statistical aspects characterizing the state of the modern market economy and the tourist industry. The dynamics of tourism development in Russia is analyzed, the potential of which is revealed on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The place of rural tourism in the development of rural areas is promoted, which contributes to the improvement of accomplishment of settlements, the development of engineering and social infrastructure; creation of new jobs; reduction of the level of unemployment in rural areas, growth of incomes of rural residents, development of small business, as well as increasing the ecological attractiveness of rural areas; increase the cultural and cognitive level of the rural population; replenishment of local budgets with additional funds. The problems of organization and cooperation in rural tourism have been identified, which impede the effective use of the tourist destination space. The most acute of them are: the underestimation of the importance of rural tourism in solving a number of national and regional problems, such as the preservation of small settlements, the cultural and historical heritage of the territories, rural life, increasing incomes, improving the living conditions of the rural population, streamlining the use of natural objects ; the absence of a national concept and a well-defined national policy for the development of rural tourism; acute shortage of financial and credit resources, difficulties in obtaining land for these purposes; inadequate degree of regulation of issues of interaction between hosts of guest houses with state, controlling, tax authorities.

scholarly journals Directions and tendencies of migration of the population into urban areas of the republic of Srpska

2021 ◽  
Vol XXII (2021) ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Tanja Mišlicki Tomić ◽  
Vesna Rajcevic
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

This paper covers internal migrations in the Republic of Srpska, in the period 2007-2015 and their impact to urban and peri-urban development of urban areas of the Republic. Migration directions show a continuity of permanent abandonment of rural areas and settlement of urban and peri-urban areas of the Republic, also including the migrations (immigration) from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The scope of migrations has the trend of decrease as result of decrease in the rural population of the Republic of Srpska and its aging. Urban centres of the northern part of the Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka, Doboj, Bijeljina, Prijedor and Gradiška) have the largest scope of immigration, due to a number of attractive factors. In the southern part of the Republic, in the sub-Mediterranean area, the City of Trebinje is the main immigration area for the population of eastern Herzegovina, but also, more and more, for the population of the rest of the Republic of Srpska, as well for the wider regional environment. Spatial scope of research consists of eight cities in the Republic of Srpska, which defined the status of the city in the period from 1995 to 2019. Those cities are: Banjaluka, Bijeljina, Prijedor, Gradiška, Doboj, Istočno Sarajevo, Zvornik and Trebinje. The specificities in the territorial organization of the Republic of Srpska are the result of complex socio-political processes and the formation of the entity line of demarcation in post-war period (1992-1995), between the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska. Given the physiognomy of space and developmental processes, the Republic of Srpska has complex settlement function. In four urban areas, Istočno Sarajevo, Doboj, Zvornik and Trebinje, the settlements are divided by the entity line, which caused the migrations. In 2014, population migration was also affected by administrative separation of the municipality of Stanari from the Doboj city area. Due to the above mentioned, compared to other cities of the Republic, Doboj has the highest negative values of the migration balance in the observed period (2007-2016). Statistical data from the Federal Bureau of Statistics of BiH and the Republic Institute of the Republic of Srpska were used in research related to migrations, as well as other relevant statistical material produced in the period from 1991 to 2016. The key demographic indicators, internal migrations, immigration and emigration and migration balance were taken into consideration. In order to compare the research areas, data were prepared on the basis of demographic indicators. Conclusions on spatial integration of migration, as well as its direction, have been drawn based on internal migration, spatial distribution of population and change in number of inhabitants in urban and suburban settlements.

scholarly journals Natives and Migrants in the Population Structure of Russian and Bashkortostan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Guldar F. Akhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociological Studies

Based on the data of the All-Russian population censuses of 2002 and 2010, as well as the micro-census of 2015, the author examines the dynamics of the structure of the urban and rural population of Russia and Bashkortostan in terms of the representation of two categories of residents – local natives living in a place of permanent residence without leaving, and migrants, that is, those who live in a place since a certain time or are a local native with migration experience. A comparative analysis of the population census data revealed the following trends in the migration mobility of the population of Russia and Bashkortostan in the first decade and a half of this century. The results of the 2002 census showed the dominance of “non-migrants” in the urban and rural population both in the whole country and in Bashkortostan. They were more represented in the republic than in Russia. The intensification of migration processes in the following years led to the reverse ratio of different categories of the population in 2010 – the predominance of migrants and a decrease in the proportion of local natives living without leaving. During this period, migration flows increased not only to cities, but also to rural areas, which also affected the higher representation of rural migrants. Five years later, the 2015 micro-census data brought the population structure closer to the situation in 2002 – the dominance of local natives, which to a certain extent indicates a decrease in the migration mobility of the population. However, the results of the micro-census could also be influenced by organizational and methodological reasons related to different approaches to accounting for the most mobile categories of the population. At the same time, the decline in migration activity of the population in the period between 2010 and 2015 is also indicated by the results of representative sociological studies both in the country as a whole and in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The general trend of changes in the population structure between 2002 and 2015 is characterized by a lower representation of migrants and a greater representation of local natives in Bashkortostan compared to Russia at the beginning of the period under review and the alignment of national and all-Russian indicators by 2015. To a certain extent, this may be due to the fact that the decline in migration mobility of the population in the republic was not as intense as in the whole country. The upcoming population census will provide an opportunity to get a more complete picture of the nature of changes in the genetic structure of the population over the past decade.

Strategies for the demographic behavior of the rural population of the south of Central Russia in 1959–2010 at the district level

2019 ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Nikolay Zhirov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Draw Conclusion

We consider a poorly studied topic related to the rural population movement at the level of particular regions. We study the districts of five regions of the Central Black Earth Region and adjacent regions over a long historical period of the late Soviet society and early of the post-Soviet period. We reveal dozens of facts of formal changes in the population of certain regions associated with administrative and territorial changes, especially with the transfer of a number of rural settlements to urban-type settlements or inclusion in the city boundaries. We establish that the prevailing, but not the only direction of demographic processes in 1959–2010 was a decrease in the number of inhabitants mainly under the influence of urbanization, and in the group of districts due to the Chernobyl disaster. We reveal that throughout the entire period remained a certain number of regions with developed industry, suburban agriculture, and transport infrastructure (in 2010 – 20 %), where the rural population grew. In the 1989–2010 period the depopulation rate in most other districts has slowed down compared to the previous segment. We draw conclusion that the thesis of the widespread and rapid extinction of the rural population does not have a factual basis.

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