scholarly journals Effects of Veterinary Preparations Based on Microelement Nanoparticles on Animal Health and Product Quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Т.И. Лебедева ◽  
И.А. Красочко ◽  
П.А. Красочко
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Livestock Products

При интенсивном развитии животноводства и ветеринарной медицины от фармацевтической отрасли требуется создание новых эффективных ветеринарных препаратов, направленных на поддержание биохимических механизмов гомеостаза и повышение продуктивности у животных. При этом большая роль отводится макро- и микроэлементам, поступающим в организм животным. Однако в составе различных кормовых и витаминно-минеральных добавок эти вещества не всегда полностью усваиваются организмом и не оказывают должного воздействия на органы и системы. Макро- и микроэлементы способны значительно изменять свои химические свойства и реакционную способность в зависимости от количества атомов – в виде наночастиц, которые обладают высокой химической активностью и способны вступать в реакции с другими веществами фактически без участия дополнительной энергии. Препараты, содержащие наночастицы макро- и микроэлементов, по сравнению с традиционными формами, обладают экологичностью, биодоступностью и эффективностью действия при использовании на практике. Препараты на основе наночастиц металлов являются альтернативой использования антибиотиков, не способствуют эволюции бактерий и возникновению резистентности, а вновь созданные ветеринарные препараты и кормовые добавки на основе наноструктур жизненно важных для организма животных химических элементов позволят более эффективно и с наименьшими затратами лечить и профилактировать многие болезни у животных, а также получать больше продукции животноводства с наименьшими экономическими затратами. With the intensive development of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, the pharmaceutical industry requires the creation of new effective veterinary drugs aimed at maintaining the biochemical mechanisms of homeostasis and increasing productivity in animals. At the same time, a large role is given to macro- and microelements entering the body of animals. However, in the composition of various fodder and vitamin-mineral supplements, these substances are not always fully absorbed by the body and do not have a proper effect on organs and systems. Macro- and trace elements are able to significantly change their chemical properties and reactivity depending on the number of atoms – in the form of nanoparticles, which have high chemical activity and are able to react with other substances with virtually no additional energy. Preparations containing macro- and trace-element nanoparticles, compared to traditional forms, have environmental friendliness, bioavailability and effectiveness when used in practice. Preparations based on metal nanoparticles are an alternative to the use of antibiotics, do not contribute to the evolution of bacteria and the emergence of resistance, and newly created veterinary drugs and feed additives based on nanostructures of chemical elements vital to the animal body will more effectively and with the least cost treat and prevent many diseases in animals, as well as receive more livestock products with the lowest economic costs.

scholarly journals Detoxication agents and technologies for animal husbandry under conditions of anthropogenic pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00018
Author(s):  
Lyubov L. Zakharova ◽  
Georgiy A. Zhorov ◽  
Vasiliy I. Dorozhkin ◽  
Viktor N. Obryvin ◽  
Natalya A. Brichko
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Economic Activity ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Impact

The impact of human economic activity on the environment is increasingly taking the form of combined pollution with various ecotoxicants including xenobiotics of radiation (caesium-137, strontium-90) and chemical (mercury, cadmium, lead and other toxic elements) nature. Today, this is one of the most urgent and insufficiently studied scientific problems. At current levels of systematic intake and accumulation of ecotoxicants in the body of productive animals, various anthropogenic and environmental organopathologies and diseases develop, and the risk of obtaining products that are dangerous to the consumer increases. In this regard, in the conditions of combined technogenic pollution of agroecosystems, it is necessary to solve the problem of ensuring the production of safe and biologically complete livestock products and maintaining the health and useful qualities of farm animals. The article presents the results of research on the development of compositions and technologies for the use of sorption-detoxifying complexes in the form of feed additives to reduce the accumulation and negative effects of ecotoxicants on the animal body and ensure the production of safe products.

Digestibility of nutrients and energy metabolism in lactating cows when sapropel is included in the ration

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
L. P. Yarmots ◽  
G. A. Yarmots ◽  
A. E. Belenkaya ◽  
M. O. Smyshlyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Positive Effect

Unbalanced mineral and vitamin nutrition of lactating cows can be a critical factor in the realization of their productive potential. The development and introduction into production of inexpensive, but effective feed additives is the main trend of improving the feeding of modern animal husbandry. Under the conditions of the Tyumen region such natural raw materials can be sapropels, which successfully combine a variety of biologically active substances. The purpose of the research was to study the digestibility of nutrients and energy metabolism in lactating cows when sapropel is included in the ration. Scientifi c and economic experiment in the study of the effectiveness of feeding sapropel lake Nepryak has been carried out in the training and experimental farm of the State Northern Trans-Urals Agrarian University. The animals of the control group have been fed the main diet. Cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups have been fed 300 and 500 g of sapropel per head/day, respectively, in addition to the main ration. It has been found as a result of research that the introduction of sapropel into the ration of cows has a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients. The digestibility coefficients were higher in the animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups compared with the cows of the control group. Cows from the experimental groups digested all the organic substances of the ration better. During the experiment period cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups in contrast to the control group had higher milk yield by 11,31 and 10,38 %, respectively, milk protein yield by 10,56 and 5,95 %, milk fat yield by 17,18 and 12,99 %. It has been established that the introduction of sapropel into the ration of cows has the positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients, contributes to the increase of milk productivity, normalizes the metabolism in the body.

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE PROVISION OF SAFETY OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC PRESSURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
L. L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
G. A. Zhorov ◽  
V. N. Obryvin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Livestock Breeding

In the conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure on the environment, the issues of developing and applying effective means and methods for preventing the admission and cumulation of xenobiotics in the organism of animals and the products obtained become of high importance. At the same time, it is necessary to solve such issues as deficiencies of micro and macro elements in soils, feed and the body, the effect of oxidative stress, immune deficiency and other problems that are closely interrelated with the effect of ecotoxicants on the body. The solution of practical problems of preserving animal health and producing safe products in ecologically unfavorable regions consists in the development of an integrated livestock breeding system, which allows minimizing the migration of a particular ecotoxicant in the trophic chain soil-feed-animal-production and compensating for negative processes developing in the body of animals as a result of exposure of harmful environmental factors, mineral and vitamin deficiencies and imbalances in rations, chronic effects of stress factors, immunodeficiency, etc. The article presents a set of measures to ensure the production of safe products in the conduct of animal husbandry in regions with high anthropogenic load, the main attention is paid to the development of compositions of sorption-detoxifying agents and private technologies of their application

ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS A.Ya. ANIMAL VARIATION PULSE DROP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. М. Naumov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fast Wave ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Jersey Cows

The article reveals the possibilities of cardiointervalometry using the modern complex electrophysiological laboratory "CONAN - 4.5". In modern economic conditions, the intensification of animal husbandry requires deep and comprehensive knowledge of many sciences, especially biology and physiology. The body of an animal consistently undergoes interrelated morphological, biochemical and functional changes that provide functional reserves such as energy, metabolic and informational resources. The adaptation mechanisms and the duration of the economic use of cattle in modern conditions of industrial production of livestock products depend on the nature and severity of these reserves. The estimation of the slow and fast-wave components of the variability of the cardiointervals is carried out - the numerical values of A.Ya. Kaplan indicators of heart rate variability (respiratory modulation index (IDM), sympathoadrenal tone index (ISAT), slow wave arrhythmia index (IMA)) of Jersey cows, which reflect the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system. The work used the mathematical processing of HRV using the method of R.M. Baevsky. In this work, the analysis of the obtained numerical values of the indicators of A.Ya. Kaplan and considered the relationship between the initial vegetative tone of Jersey cows and the obtained values.

scholarly journals Effect of Diatomite on the Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in the Body of White Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00144
Author(s):  
Vasily I. Dorozhkin ◽  
Natalia A. Brichko ◽  
Natalia S. Pavlova ◽  
Galina I. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Every year, pollution by eco-toxicants of natural and anthropogenic origin is becoming more and more acute. Some of the most toxic among them are heavy metals, especially cadmium and lead. These elements do not decompose. Once released into the environment, these elements continue to circulate in water, soil, and air for a very long time, accumulating in plants and livestock products. Therefore, there is a problem of obtaining safe agricultural products in areas contaminated with heavy metals. In animal husbandry, synthetic and natural enterosorbents are used for obtaining safe products. For example, such enterosorbents are shungites, bentonites, diatomites, clays. We tested diatomite from the Kamyshlovskoye deposit at a dose of 5.0 g/kg of feed to reduce cadmium accumulation and lead during their combined intake. We investigated the feed intake of a combination of cadmium and lead at doses of 5.0 and 50.0 mg/kg feed. The result of this experiment is the accumulation of metals in the liver, kidneys, and bones, and, in addition, in the testes. The use of diatomite to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals has not been successful. There is an increase in lead accumulation in the liver, kidneys, and testes. The content of cadmium in diatomite is 3.86 ± 0.20 mg/kg, lead – 105.0 ± 7.2 mg/kg. The results obtained indicate that diatomite as a feed additive to reduce lead and cadmium intoxication did not show protective properties.

scholarly journals Rationale for the use of humats in aquaculture (a review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
N. Polischuk ◽  
◽  
B. Коvаlеnkо ◽  
V. Коvаlеnkо ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Purpose. To prepare a justification for the use of sodium and potassium salts of humic and fulvic acids (humates) as substances with biologically active properties in fish feeds based on the analysis of sources of scientific and technical information and own experimental materials, Findings. A complex general characteristic of humic substances was provided, the mechanism of biologically active action of humates on living organisms was described. Examples of the use of humates in crop production, medicine, animal husbandry and aquaculture were given. The results of our own studies on the use of humates as a feed additive for valuable objects of aquaculture were presented. Prospects for the inclusion of micro-additives of sodium and potassium humates in the composition of fish feed in order to increase fish survival and digestibility of feed were outlined. Originality. To date, the introduction of humates into fish feed as micronutrients was experimental. The analysis of scientific sources and materials of own studies gave the basis for the conclusion about the need of complex detailed studying of mechanisms of effects of humates on fish. In particular, it is of interest to study the protective properties of humates from the accumulation of heavy metals in the body of fish for the use of micronutrients of these substances in fish feeds. Practical value. The use of humate feed additives in aquaculture will help to solve such urgent problems as the prevention of excessive losses of biological material of cultivated objects, reduction of feed costs, improvement of consumer characteristics of food products. Humates, as substances of natural origin with protective and immunomodulatory action, can become substitutes for some synthetic therapeutic and prophylactic drugs. Key words: aquaculture, humates, compound feed, feed additive, growth rate, survival, feed assimilation.

scholarly journals Intake mercury lead and arsenic with feeds and their accumulation (bioconcentration) in cattle and sheep organism

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
I. Epifanova ◽  
V. Epimakhov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

When managing livestock in technologically polluted areas to assess and prevent the negative impact of feed on farm animals, to obtain products that meet sanitary and hygienic safety requirements, it is important to monitor constantly the levels of pollution by main ecotoxicants in all parts of the trophic chain soil — feed — animal body — livestock production. If acceptance contamination levels are higher than it is required, it is necessary to take measures for contaminants decreasing in final livestock products. A review of the study of intake mercury, lead and arsenic with feeds in cattle and sheep organisms under the condition of technogenic–affected agricultural areas is presented in this paper. Estimation of the contamination levels of individual links of the food trophic chain by these ecotoxicants is given. The article describes the experience of using enterosorbents in the diet as one of the most important ways to reduce the content of heavy metals in the body of farm animals and in the final products of animal husbandry.

DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS IN HONEY ON ITS ORGANOLEPTIC AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Z. N. Menshikova ◽  
◽  
V. A. Tolmacheva ◽  
D. V. Volodko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

The deterioration of the ecological situation in Russia and the contamination of environmental objects with various chemical compounds pose a growing threat to human and animal health and the state of the environment. Bee products can carry a potential threat to human health, as bees are in constant and direct contact with the environment. The article presents the results of a study of honey for heavy metals - lead and cadmium. The dependence of the amount of lead in honey from road traffic of highways in the flying radius of bees has been revealed. The direct dependence of the presence of lead in honey, pollution by its exhaust gases of cars from automobile traffic of a highway in the flying radius of bees is proved. A technique has been developed for determining the load of vehicles in the area, expressed in the release of lead into the atmosphere from combustible motor fuel. The organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the honey are determined. The article presents data that proves that the content of heavy metals in honey does not affect its organoleptic and physicochemical properties, but represents a real danger for human health, because heavy metals are cumulated in the body.

scholarly journals USE OF DIGITALIZATION MEANS IN THE FORMATION OF THE MICROCLIMATE OF ANIMAL PREMISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Olena Trukhanska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Heat Shielding ◽  
The Impact

The study of information systems and technologies, specialized software products aimed at solving the problems of animal husbandry management and determining the prospects for their use by specialists is relevant. The main factor determining the life of animals is the environment. One of the ways to intensify livestock (pigs, cattle, poultry, etc.) is a comprehensive automation of labor-intensive technological processes, including the formation of the microclimate of livestock facilities, which would have a positive impact on animal health, productivity and product quality. However, animals are also affected by certain methods and methods of feeding, man-made content, zonal climate, heat-shielding properties of enclosing structures, air exchange rate, ventilation efficiency, sewage condition, manure removal and removal methods, lighting. The impact of microclimate on animals consists of a set of environmental factors: temperature, humidity, air velocity, chemical composition, microbial and dust pollution, lighting, etc. The main parameter of the air environment is temperature. This has the greatest impact on animal health and productivity. The hygienic value of temperature is that it affects the thermoregulation of the body, which is divided into the processes of chemical thermoregulation - the reaction of heat generation and the processes of physical thermoregulation - the regulation of heat transfer. The study of the technology of improving the efficiency of microclimate regulation in livestock premises based on the use of an automated control system is promising. Thus, changing the composition and properties of the environment, you can affect the body of animals, achieving high productivity.

scholarly journals Regulative Mechanism of Guanidinoacetic Acid on Skeletal Muscle Development and Its Application Prospects in Animal Husbandry: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoming Yan ◽  
Zhaoyue Yan ◽  
Shuangli Liu ◽  
Yunju Yin ◽  
Tai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact

Guanidinoacetic acid is the direct precursor of creatine and its phosphorylated derivative phosphocreatine in the body. It is a safe nutritional supplement that can be used to promote muscle growth and development. Improving the growth performance of livestock and poultry and meat quality is the eternal goal of the animal husbandry, and it is also the common demand of today's society and consumers. A large number of experimental studies have shown that guanidinoacetic acid could improve the growth performance of animals, promote muscle development and improve the health of animals. However, the mechanism of how it affects muscle development needs to be further elucidated. This article discusses the physical and chemical properties of guanidinoacetic acid and its synthesis pathway, explores its mechanism of how it promotes muscle development and growth, and also classifies and summarizes the impact of its application in animal husbandry, providing a scientific basis for this application. In addition, this article also proposes future directions for the development of this substance.

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