scholarly journals Psychological Mechanisms of Formation and Prevention of Individual Psychological Maladjustment of the Personali

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Maladjustment ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
The Individual

Relevance. Maladaptive personality behavior is one of the research subjects of deviant behavior, and from the point of view of the social-normative criterion contradicts the tasks of harmonious adaptation of a person. This makes it difficult to perform professional functions, causes industrial conflicts, disorganization of all kinds of activity and crises being an urgent problem of a psychological, social and personal nature. The study of individual psychological mechanisms and criteria for disadaptation makes it possible to determine the psychological mechanisms of its formation and to prevent the negative consequences of maladjustment using a multilevel integral analysis of its different variations. Objectives. The aim of the article is to establish the actual characteristics of individual psychological maladjustment and to determine the mechanisms of its formation as a condition for prevention. Research progress. The research specifies the current risks of personality maladjustment associated with the factors of the virtual space, isolation of the individual from the conditions of real interaction, the duration of the pandemic. The analysis of the factors determining individual psychological maladjustment, the stability of the genesis of which is noted in the overwhelming majority of studies is carried out. The study clarifies the concept of the psychological mechanism of the formation of deviant behavior in general and maladjustment in various specific spheres of human activity. Conclusions. The formation of individual psychological maladjustment of the personality is subject to the action of multilevel universal mechanisms, which are practically not discussed in current empirical works. Further studies will be needed to examine private and general mechanisms of behavior deviating from the norm as well as its consequence, that is the formation of maladaptive individual psychological characteristics. The system of multilevel integral connections being activated in accordance with the principles of consistency, stability and differentiation, acts as a mechanism of individual psychological maladjustment. To carry out the tasks of preventing individual psychological maladjustment, it is necessary to study the methodology of analyzing causal and teleological relations.

scholarly journals Social stratification, psychology of deviant behavior: theory and practice

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Social Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Destructive Processes

The article substantiates a prospect of studying the world modeled by the writer in the interdisciplinary plane, that is relevant taking into the account the possibility of objective, deeply, convincing exploring the world and the person in it, based on the peculiarities of the social communities development and the individual psychology as interdependent components. Accordingly, the purpose of the proposed study is to summarize the findings of sociology, psychology in the destructive processes study that occurs in society and provokes social instability, crises both on a general social scale, and stratification instability, narrower characterization. The key concept that is under consideration is the concept of "asocial behavior". The specificity of its origin: causes, consequences, reactivity (deviant and socium) are highlighted and commented on. Also relevant concepts are society, strata, stratification, marginality, deviance, each of them has been analyzed taking into account the multiplicity of existing definitions. The conclusion about the unified use of these concepts in the literary research has been made. In particular, society we understand as a holistic system that includes a set of human activity forms and an association of a certain type – execution; a stratification (differentiation) – it`s a process of stratification of the population, its division into layers, classes; a deviance – its deviations caused by individual, social influences, circumstances; deviant behavior is a special way of positioning oneself in a society that contradicts the established rules and entails negative consequences for the individual as well as for the whole society. Also marginal (people who are on the border of the opposite social groups) as a special stratum of society have been identified and characterized. Out of the marginalized communities, beggars, thieves, and murderers are singled out. The objective and subjective factors of the corresponding marginalization have been included and the environmental impact has been justified. Theoretical observations made using the review-theoretical methodology have become a necessary basis for the delineating the marginal space of some of Franko's epic works, for conclusion it is necessary to deepen the objectivity of studying such a space to use the achievements of the biographical method and scientific boundaries.

scholarly journals STAFF WITH MENTAL PROBLEMS AS AN OBJECT OF SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Classical Sociology ◽  
Destructive Behaviors

The relevance of the article topic is justified by the need to develop effective methods and tools for staff management, as well as special techniques to work with employees who have certain mental disorders. The main task of the article is to analyze the categories of employees with mental problems from the point of view of sociology of deviant behavior and to study the consequences of the destructive influence of staff with mental disorders at different levels of interaction: «the leader and subordinate» and «colleagues in the team».In the article, the category «mental disorders» is defined as various personality disorders, as a deviating from the norm state of the human psyche. This category was analyzed from the methodological position of the sociology of deviant behavior. It has been determined that deviations from the norms caused by mental problems of the person can be considered as forms of manifestation of organizational deviations.The authors of the article define the main groups of personality disorders, investigate the behavior of individuals with such disorders and analyze the norms that are violated. Exceptional attention is paid to the study of the negative consequences that cause destructive behaviors of persons with mental disorders in the workforce. Their analysis was carried out on two levels of interaction: «leader and subordinate" and "colleagues in the team». In the traditions of classical sociology, it is concluded that the existence of organizational deviations related to the behavior of staff with personality disorders is normal. General recommendations are offered for working with employees with mental disorders in organizations. Impact management techniques should be aimed both at working with individuals with mental problems and with employees with direct professional ties to them.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITY AND VALUES IN LOCAL, NATIONAL AND VIRTUAL SPACE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 144-158
Author(s):  
Olha Petrivna Kotovska
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
The Individual

The article reveals the study of the contemporary meaning of identity and values in local and national dimensions, as well as their analysis in the context of the virtual reality, constructed during the last decades. On the basis of theoretical background, historical analogies and practical examples, the author shows the influence of values on the identity formation, focuses on the problem of the erosion of traditional and the formation of new identities. If to compare conditions of Ukrainian national identity constructing with those western European peoples, which were formed as nations at their own state borders, Ukrainian national identity was shaped in imagined by Ukrainians space. Institutional differences in the creation of the first Ukrainian political organizations in Lviv and Kyiv clearly represent a very important component — divided by the border between two empires Ukrainians were constantly connected by the idea of their unity. The historical context and the unfinished cycle of independent formation of Ukrainian national and socio-political identitys strengthen the need to create a socio-cultural identity on the basis of an archetypal approach. The article also represents contemporary challenges, which Ukrainian state faces in conditions of hybrid warfare and which are provoked by the manipulation of information and stereotypes. Incorporating concrete examples, the author shows how stereotypes influence on one’s own behavior and estimation of any phenomenon; determine the limits of personal choices. At the same time virtual space changes image of oneself, self-identity and the community which a person identifies “the Self” with. From one point of view, virtual reality opens huge amount of possibilities for personal self-realization, from another, it can be a source for manipulations of information in the individual, state or international levels.

The Denial of the Institution

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaello Papeschi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychiatric Beds ◽  
Acute Patients

SummaryThe writings of Franco Basaglia are critically reviewed, both from a technical psychiatric point of view and from a general political and social one. Basaglia maintained that the causes of psychiatric disorder are essentially social in nature, and that the only valid treatments are political struggle and the revival of the patient's aggressiveness. Therefore, no institution can be therapeutic for the patient, since its aim must be his custody and violent destruction. These statements are considered in the light of the need for institutions which are a therapeutic alternative to the mental hospital. Basaglia's ‘liberal’ defence of the individual against society is analysed, in relation to the negative consequences that the Italian Law 180 of 1978 is having on the care of long-term psychiatric patients. This law ‘forgot’ such patients, as well as adversely affecting the treatment of acute patients, for whom an insufficient number of psychiatric beds was permitted in general hospitals. A revision is proposed of Law 180 that would make possible the setting up of alternative institutions to outdated mental hospitals, but at the same time allow a transformation of their old structures.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Implications of Patients with Tracheostomy - a Suggestive Example of Interdisciplinarity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Stan ◽  
Maria-Daniela Tuta ◽  
Alin Laurentiu Tatu
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Preoperative Training ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Performed urgently or out of necessity, tracheostomy is one of the most traumatic surgeries that seriously affects the patient's quality of life. It has a profound impact on the ability to communicate and on self-esteem, so that the patient can experience a storm of emotions and major changes that can affect their existence. The patient with tracheostomy is a special patient with special needs. The care of such a patient involves a constant multidisciplinary effort supported by specialists in many fields: ENT specialists, oncologists, radiotherapists, anesthetists, neurosurgeons, general surgeons, physiotherapists, speech therapists, nutritionists especially psychotherapists. Tracheostomy affects the basic needs of the individual: communication, nutrition, sexuality, social relationships. Numerous studies show that patients with tracheostomy show a high level of psychological distress. Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, frustration, alienation, isolation, tendency to suicide are the negative consequences of this mutilating surgery. Perceived as a permanent disability, tracheostomy requires special care from a psychological point of view. Sometimes, however, it is observed that both patients and their families are not sufficiently informed about the management of tracheostomy. Due to lack of means or staff, not enough emphasis is placed on preoperative training so that the patient fully understands both the benefits and the disadvantages of this surgical technique. Therefore, often the patient's family, which later assumes the role of caregivers of the tracheotomized, perceives it as a burden, excessive fatigue, helplessness, abandonment from society. This paper aims to highlight the importance of pre- and postoperative psychological training of both the patient and his family and to demonstrate that tracheostomy care can be one of the most suggestive examples of interdisciplinarity that seeks to provide effective solutions in this regard.

scholarly journals Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures: an empirical model of stress.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartholomäus Wissmath ◽  
Fred W Mast ◽  
Fabian Kraus ◽  
David Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Group ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Social Organizational ◽  
The Individual

Research suggests that epidemics and corresponding containment measures have negative consequences to the individual and cause stress. The psychological mechanisms that determine stress, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures, are not yet clear. In a survey during the lockdown in Switzerland (n=1565), we found substantially increased levels of stress in the population. In particular, individuals who did not agree with the containment measures, as well as those who saw nothing positive in the crisis, experienced even higher levels of stress. In contrast, individuals who are part of a risk group or who are working in healthcare or in essential shops experienced similar stress levels as the general public. We conducted a path analysis to gain a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms during lockdown. Experiencing fear of the disease is a key driver for being worried. Our model further shows that worries about the individual, social, and economic consequences of the crisis, strongly boost stress. The infection rate in the canton (i.e. state) of residence also contributes to stress. Positive thinking and perceived social, organizational, and governmental support mitigate worries and stress. To prevent stress, authorities should explain containment measures well, highlight positive aspects of the crisis, address worries, and facilitate support.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF THE INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL PERSON’S ADDICTION IN THE NEW REALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Druzhilov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The spread of information technologies leads to negative consequences associated with the impact on the health of the individual and public health. There are new behavioral addictions, namely information and technological ones. The objective reasons for their occurrence are in the changes taking place in society. They are associated with the informatization and globalization of the post-industrial society. The criteria for excessive use of the Internet are changing. Virtual space appears as a significant part of life reality. Ubiquitous is the regular use of the Internet. Imposed by information technologies lifestyle and worldview can be destructive for the individual. The task of hygienic science is to prevent the psychological distress of a person in new conditions. The purpose of the article is to consider the views of a person’s Internet addiction, the risks, as well as the possibility of psychological distress resulting from the impact of information technologies. Comparative analysis of the views of various authors and their theoretical generalization. A current understanding of the phenomenon of information and technological dependencies is presented. Two conceptual approaches to the consideration of the phenomenon are identified: as a mental pathology and as a person’s state in the continuum of his normal behavior in new life realities. Statistical data characterizing the penetration of social networks into Russian society and quantitative characteristics of the use of the Internet are given. Computer technologies can be a “mental retreat” for humans. However, social networks provide users with isolation in their own socio-cultural shells. The boundaries of the norms and pathologies of Internet use have changed. Indices of overgrowing of enthusiasm for the Internet in addiction are a change in the motives and goals of its use. A risk factor for the psychological well-being of a person is an exposure to manipulative informational influences on the Internet. Social networks are the space and means of such exposure. Conclusion. The difference between healthy and unhealthy use of the Network is given. The danger for the majority of Internet users was shown not to be an addiction, but exposure to information and psychological effects. It is revealed that in social networks there is a possibility of targeted impacts.

scholarly journals The basic incentive mechanism of social activity of the individual

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Grigoryeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Incentive Mechanism ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Description ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The main provisions of the system-diachronic approach to the study of the phenomenon of social activity of the individual are developed. Social activity, from the point of view of the system-diachronic approach, should be considered as a multi-level education, including cognitive, emotional-evaluative, motivational and socio-psychological phenomena combined in acts of interaction between the individual and the social environment undergoing qualitative changes in time. Description of the past, present and future state of the system “personality — social group”, the identification of elements of the system, progressively or regressively transformed, are the necessary conditions for a system-diachronic analysis of social activity. The basic incentive mechanism of the person’s social activity is revealed — diachronic mismatch in the system “personality — social environment”, as well as private cognitive, emotional-evaluative, motivational and socio-psychological mechanisms of social activity of the individual and the group.

УКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИЙ ОСВІТНІЙ ЧИННИК В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МАСОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Н. В. Фрадкіна
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Individual

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.

Childhood adversity studies as an antidote to the predominance of neo-liberal thinking in the field of mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-563
Author(s):  
Adam Burley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Individual

This is a personal and reflective piece written from a clinician's point of view on the influence that the developing awareness around the consequences of childhood adversity has had upon the discussions, thinking and practice across the areas in which they are working. It seeks to argue that the increased understanding and recognition of the potential impact of early adversity can not only enhance and deepen the understanding of an individual's difficulties, but can serve to inform how services respond in a way that takes account of this. It suggests that the research and literature on childhood adversity can offer a route map away from a model of mental health that focuses predominantly on the individual as the sole source of interest.

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