scholarly journals KALIMAT TANYA DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam L.M. Pandean
Keyword(s):  
Target Object ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Information Request ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Classification Tool

Interrogative sentence is one kind of sentences in Indonesian, which formed as proposition that required answer from hearer. It also called as requesting question. The difference will be recognized from sentence classification perspective. In defining interrogative sentence, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics can be used as the classification tool (Leech, 1981). From syntactic point of view, there are two kinds of interrogative sentence; 1) informative interrogative sentence and 2) confirmative interrogative sentence. Informative interrogative sentence has information request toward one of the element the proposition maker. In this context, proposition maker element can fill one of the syntactic function slot in sentence as function of predicate, object, and complement. But confirmative interrogative sentence requires for distinction of a proposition. Practically, the form is yes or no question. Syntactically, interrogative in Indonesian can be recognized from the question word used. There are many varieties of this type. However, only two elements serve as the basis of interrogative sentence; they are what and where. The derivation of the word apa are who, why, when, how much or how many, and if; the derivation of the word mana are where, where to, from where, how, and when. Semantically, interrogative sentence can be identified from its semantic role of the word that filled the syntactic slot; they are function of predicate, object and complement. In subject function, interrogative sentence can explain the meaning of a deed, time, agent, amount, existence and identity. In object function, it can explain meaning of the target, object, and tool. In semantic role, it can explain the meaning of place, time, member, tool, meaning, cause and target.Keyword: Interrogative sentence, Indonesian language, kind of interrogative sentence

Problematic aspects of the use of penitentiary information in the process of disclosure and investigation of crimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Максим Владимирович Кремлев
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Автор, основываясь на ранее проведенных исследованиях, определяет место и роль пенитенциарной информации в процессе раскрытия и расследования преступлений. Указывается, что пенитенциарная информация превращается в процессуальную и, соответственно, в доказательственную посредством поэтапного прохождения через комплекс действий, облеченных в формы пенитенциарного, оперативно-розыскного и процессуального законодательства. Устанавливаются наиболее уязвимые места с точки зрения содержательного наполнения и процессуального оформления получаемых в рамках режимной деятельности сведений. Таковыми выступают места «сочленения» видов деятельности. Основой для подобного рода высказывания выступает разница в нормативном регулировании, в сменяемости и целеполагании исполнителей, а также их представлении о критериях успешности выполненной работы. В качестве подтверждения выдвинутого тезиса приводится пример из правоохранительной практики использования пенитенциарной информации в процессе доказывания, имеющий негативные последствия. Предлагаются направления совершенствования получения пенитенциарной информации с целью усиления ее доказательственного потенциала. In this article, the author, based on previous research determines the place and role of penitentiary information in the process of disclosure and investigation of crimes. It is specified that penitentiary information turns into procedural and, accordingly, into proofs by means of step-by-step passing through a complex of actions exposed in forms of the penitentiary, operational-search and procedural legislation. The most vulnerable places from the point of view of substantial filling and procedural registration of the data received within regime activity are established. These are the places of “articulation” of activities. It is concluded that the basis for this kind of statement is the difference in regulatory regulation, in the turnover and goal-setting of performers, as well as their representation of the criteria for the success of the work performed. As a confirmation of the proposed thesis, an example from the law enforcement practice of using penitentiary information in the process of proving having negative consequences is given. Directions of improvement of receiving penitentiary information for the purpose of strengthening of its evidentiary potential are offered.

How to put yourself in someone else’s shoes: The role of point-of-view in the interpretation of mixed messages

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Nikos Vergis
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mixed Messages ◽  
Communicative Role ◽  
The Way

AbstractDoes having a communicative role other than the speaker’s make a difference to the way pragmatic meaning is construed? Standard paradigms in interpersonal pragmatics have implicitly assumed a speaker-centric perspective over the years, however modern approaches have re-considered the role of listener evaluations. In the present study, I examine whether assuming different communicative roles (speaker, listener, observer) results in varying interpretations. A web-based experiment revealed that participants who took the perspective of different characters in short stories differed in the way they interpreted what the speaker meant. In most cases, participants in the role of the listener interpreted speaker meaning in more negative ways than participants in the other roles. The present study suggests that the directionality of the difference (negative inferences under the listener’s perspective) could be explained by taking into account affective factors.

scholarly journals On the semantics of metaphor

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanda Božičević
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Semantical Theory ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semantical Point ◽  
Language Acquistion

The article discusses the problem of metaphor from the semantical point of view, at the lexical level. Alter havins explained why do metaphors represent a touch stone of any semantical theory, and after having given a brief survey of possible theoretical solutions of the problem, the author exposes her own view of metaphor based on late Wittgenstein's theory of meaning. On the assumption that there should be no artificial break between semantics and pragmatics the author argues that the same semantical, pragmatical an epistemological principles govern the production and interpretation of literal and metaphorical language. The difference between literal and metaphorical is understood as a token, and not a type difference, depending on what is considered to be the common meaning of a word. Metaphor Is defined as a semantic innovation, nomination, realized by the extension of literal meaning. Arguments for her thesis the author finds in the analysis of the processes of language acquistion.

THE ROLE OF PANIC IN THE ROOM EVACUATION PROCESS

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL R. PARISI ◽  
CLAUDIO O. DORSO
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Call Blocking ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

In the present work we studied the room evacuation problem using the social force model introduced by Helbing and coworkers. The "faster is slower" effect induced by panic was analyzed. It could be explained in terms of increasing mean clogging delays which shows a strong correlation with certain structures that we call "blocking clusters". Also a steady state version of the problem was implemented. It shows that, from a macroscopic point of view, the optimal evacuation efficiency correspond to the state at which the difference between the system desire force minus the system granular force is maximum.

scholarly journals SELF-DEVELOPMENT, ABILITY FOR SELF-DEVELOPMENT AND HIGHER ABILITY FOR SELF-DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Галина Валентиновна Ожиганова
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Difference

С психологической точки зрения анализируется понятие «саморазвитие», а также связанные с ним способности личности. Цель исследования – рассмотреть понятие «саморазвитие», а также «способность к саморазвитию», «высшую способность к саморазвитию» и выявить различие между этими способностями. В ходе проводимого анализа раскрывается понятие саморазвития, описываются его различные характеристики и параметры. Представлены определения способности к саморазвитию, охватывающие ее разные ракурсы. Показано, что единого представления о саморазвитии не существует. Многообразие факторов, способствующих саморазвитию, выделение множества его аспектов и компонентов, различных форм проявления представляется правомерным, так как отражает сложность и многомерность данного психологического феномена. Особое место занимает описание субъектности, которая трактуется автором в качестве одного из основных факторов, ведущих к саморазвитию. Подчеркивается важная роль позиции субъекта и субъектности в саморазвитии и ее значение для проявления высшей способности к саморазвитию. Отмечена специфика высшей способности к саморазвитию, связанная с ее принадлежностью к ментальному компоненту духовных способностей. Показано отличие обычной способности к саморазвитию от высшей способности к саморазвитию, которое связано с тем, что высшая способность к саморазвитию ориентирована на абсолютные ценности и высокие духовно-нравственные идеалы. The article analyzes the concept of “self-development” and the personality abilities associated with it from a psychological point of view. The purpose of the research is to consider the concept of “self-development”, as well as “the ability for self-development”, “the highest ability for self-development” and identify the difference between these abilities. In the course of the analysis the concept of self-development is described, its various characteristics and parameters are revealed. The article presents definitions of the ability for self-development, covering its different aspects, such as systemic, integrative, subjective, activity-oriented, life-oriented, transformative, motivational-value, evaluative-orientational, self-regulatory, reflexive-regulatory, cognitive. It is shown that there is no single concept of self-development. Some concepts emphasize the role of cognitive factors, while others give priority to self-regulatory skills; subject position; transformation of the inner world; specific activity for self-change, aimed at solving life problems. It is concluded that the variety of factors contributing to self-development, the identification of many its aspects and components, various forms of manifestation seems to be logical, since it reflects the complexity and multidimensionality of this psychological phenomenon. A special place in the article is occupied by the description of subjectiveness, which is interpreted by the author as one of the key factors determining self-development. The important role of the position of the subject and subjectiveness in self-development and its importance for the manifestation of the highest ability for self-development, when a person acts as a subject of activity, as a subject of development, and as a subject of life, is emphasized. The specificity of the highest ability for self-development is noted, associated with its belonging to the mental component of spiritual abilities. The difference between the ordinary ability for self-development and the higher ability for self-development is shown, which is due to the fact that the highest ability for self-development is focused on absolute values and high spiritual and moral ideals.

scholarly journals Cultivation of a Problem Field

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Peter Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Student Projects

A problem is typically defined prior to an architectural process and the result is seen as a solution. The process as a whole is conceived as problem solving. However, the artistic element of the process is inseparable from constructing the problem. From the artistic point of view the solution is merely a derivative. Conventional understanding of artistic creation is sometimes coloured by the misconception that invention first and foremost takes place in the mind of the artist parallel or prior to the actual process. However, as far as the artistic element in an architectural process is concerned the problem cannot be abstracted from the specificity of the material, the drawings, models etc., which constitutes the project under development. The problem is an immanent relational field and invention is triggered by the difference between maker and architectural media. The aim of the paper is to portray the artistic practice as a learning process different from communication of knowledge. It proposes a kind of leaning not about improvement of skills and competences but rather concerned with the dynamics of a material field. It emphasises the role of technique and presents architectural media as the prime material field investigated by the process. The discussion uses examples of assignments and student projects developed under my supervision to demonstrate how a problem field is framed by the ordering of techniques.

scholarly journals When “We Believe that ...”: The Role of Collective “we” in the Dialogic Negotiation in Hard News Discourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-196
Author(s):  
Zuzana Nádraská
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
News Reports ◽  
News Discourse ◽  
Reader Engagement ◽  
Strong Statement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe present paper examines the occurrence of collective self expressed by the first person plural “we” in British broadsheet hard news reports. Given that “we” typically embraces “I” and the “non-I”, and is viewed in contradistinction to “others”, it is subjective and dialogic (inter-subjective) in nature (Baumgarten et al.; Benveniste). This study, grounded in Systemic Functional Linguistics and the theory of engagement, examines the coupling, i.e., co-occurrence, of one dialogic signal “we” with other dialogic meanings (entertain, proclaim and disclaim) used for the dialogic negotiation of content and writer-reader engagement (Martin, “Beyond Exchange”; Martin and White). Couplings are interpreted from the point of view of the overall rhetorical strategy they are put to, referred to as syndromes of meaning (Zappavigna et al., “Syndromes”; Zappavigna et al., “The Coupling”). The rhetorical functions of syndromes reflect the basic dialogic meanings of the examined engagement categories such as a tentative suggestion of an opinion (entertain), a strong statement of an opinion (proclaim) and a rejection of a dispreferred opinion (disclaim). Finer variations within the individual rhetorical strategies are related to the difference in the source of dialogic positioning (an individual versus collective voice) and the referential scope of the pronoun (a precisely defined reference versus reference with a more general and diffused scope).

ON THE QUESTION OF THE LINGUISTIC STATUS OF COMPLEX WORDS COMPONENTS AS “MEGAPLANET”

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
Complex Words

The present article is devoted to the linguistic status of the Greco-Latin components of the compound words such as “megaplanet, acrophobe, cardiology”, etc. In the linguistic literature there is no unanimous approach concerning their linguistic status. The authors analyzing numerous examples of compound words of Greek and Latin elements try to prove the difference between them and affixal morphemes by stressing on their role of word-forming stems in the structure of compound words and call them as structural-dependent stems. But at the same time from the semantic point of view they are considered as independent lexical language units, the property which makes communication possible among community members.

scholarly journals Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Education. A Successful Pairing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Ángeles Caraballo ◽  
Eva Mª Buitrago
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Fractionalization

The many growing migratory flows render our societies increasingly heterogeneous. From the point of view of social welfare, achieving all the positive effects of diversity appears as a challenge for our societies. Nevertheless, while it is true that ethnolinguistic diversity involves costs and benefits, at a country level it seems that the former are greater than the latter, even more so when income inequality between ethnic groups is taken into account. In this respect, there is a vast literature at a macro level that shows that ethnolinguistic fragmentation induces lower income, which leads to the conclusion that part of the difference in income observed between countries can be attributed to their different levels of fragmentation. This paper presents primary evidence of the role of education in mitigating the adverse effects of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on the level of income. While the results show a negative association between fragmentation and income for all indices of diversity, the attainment of a certain level of education, especially secondary and tertiary, manages to reverse the sign of the marginal effect of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on income level. Since current societies are increasingly diverse, these results could have major economic policy implications.

scholarly journals O rendilhado de poderes e tensões. As inter-relações de animadores e agentes de pastoral nas CEBs

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (247) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Jomar Ricardo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Essential Contribution ◽  
The Catholic Church

A Igreja Católica, através das Comunidades Eclesiais de Base, surgidas no Brasil na década de 60, tem no trabalho dos agentes de Pastoral o principal elemento de atuação, sendo eles os responsáveis pela formação, organização e coordenação dos citados grupos religiosos. No entanto, para atingir os objetivos especificados no projeto pastoral diocesano, eles necessitam da indispensável colaboração dos animadores. O que este estudo se propõe é analisar os fundamentos das diferenças de poder e carisma existentes na relação envolvendo os dois segmentos, a partir da perspectiva do animador, e como seu resultado, as “relações injustas”, repercute no processo de decisão das comunidades.Abstract: The Catholic Church, through the Basic Ecclesiastical Communities (Comunidades Eclesiais de Base), which arose in Brazil in the 1960s, has relied on the role of the pastoral agents, the main instrument of achievement to build, organize and coordinate the aforesaid religious groups. However, they, in turn, also need the essential contribution on the part of the animators to meet the objectives fixed by the pastoral project of the diocese. The purpose of this study is to analyse the reasons of the difference of power and charisma in the relation between the two segments from the point of view of the animator and to find how unfair relations reverberate in the process of decision-making in the communities.

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