Penentuan Ukuran Kelompok dan Densitas Tangkasi (Tarsius tarsier) di Cagar Alam Tangkoko Batuangus, Kota Bitung, Sulawesi Utara (Group Size and Density Determination of Tankasi (Tarsius tarsier) in The Nature Reserve Tangkoko Batuangus, Bitung, North Su

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadin Awal Lumente ◽  
Saroyo Saroyo ◽  
Lalu Wahyudi ◽  
Adelfia Papu
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Nest Location ◽  
Primitive Species

Abstrak Tangkasi (Tarsius tarsier) merupakan primata primitif (Prosimi) endemik di Pulau Sulawesi dan beberapa pulau satelitnya. Mereka menempati beberapa tipe habitat, antara lain hutan primer dan sekunder, semak, mangrove, dan pertanian. Organisasi sosialnya ialah keluarga monogami hingga multimale-multifemale. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan ukuran kelompok tangkasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Cagar Alam Tangkoko Batuangus pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2012. Metode yang digunakan ialah survei pada sarang tangkasi dan dilakukan penghitungan secara sensus. Luas area pengamatan ialah 100 ha yang dibagi menjadi 100 plot berukuran 100 m x 100 m. Waktu pengamatan ialah pada pagi hari pada jam 05.00-06.00 untuk menentukan lokasi sarang pada satu plot, yang selanjutnya dilakukan sensus pada sore harinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di dalam 100 ha ditemukan 41 sarang atau tempat tidur tangkasi, rata-rata ukuran kelompok ialah 4,95 ± 2,26 ekor dengan modus 4. Kata kunci: ukuran kelompok, tangkasi (Tarsius tarsier), Cagar Alam Tangkoko Batuangus Abstract Tangkasi (Tarsius tarsier) is a primitive species of Sulawesi primates that is distributed in Sulawesi Island and some satellite islands. This species occupies in several habitat types, such as primary and secondary forest, shrub, mangrove, and farming area. Their social organization is monogamous family to multi-male/multi-female group. This study was conducted to determine the group size of tangkasi in the Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve from July to August 2012. The survey method was used in the tangkasi nests and the census measurement was applied to the total of individuals at each nest of the 100 ha area. The 100-ha-survey area was divided into 100 plots and the size of each plot was 100 m x 100 m. The observation was carried out to determine the nest location in each plot every morning (05.00-06.00 am) and followed by the census in the afternoon. The results showed that there were 41 groups of tangkasi in the 100 ha area, the average of group size was 4,95 ± 2,26 and the modus was 4. Keywords: group size, tangkasi (Tarsius tarsier), Tangkoko Batungus Nature Reserve

Spider diversity in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ((suppl.1)) ◽  
pp. 209-243
Author(s):  
J.K.H. Koh ◽  
D.J. Court
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
First Time

This paper discusses the preliminary results of the first comprehensive survey of the spiders of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) in Singapore. Two plots were established in each of the three zones of vegetation, viz., primary forest, old secondary forest, and maturing secondary forest. They were repeatedly sampled over an 18-month period. Sorting of the collection so far suggests that the three vegetation zones harbour rather different spider assemblages. Only ~9% of the total spider fauna recovered was shared by all three zones. The results have also yielded a preliminary picture of dominance, abundance and rarity. Although first intended to obtain a baseline for future quantitative analyses, the survey became a testing ground to modify and refine methodology so as to conduct future quantitative surveys with greater scientific rigour. Taxonomic work on the samples so far shows that the spiders in the BTNR span over 43 families, of which six families are listed for the first time in Singapore. The tally is summarised in an interim checklist of BTNR spiders. The checklist, with a total of 317 entries, shows that there are 158 described species of spiders in BTNR, of which 25 species are new records for Singapore. Another 159 morphospecies are provisionally recognised as distinct species, some of which may be new to science. Our observations during the survey have allowed us to provide a narrative of BTNR spider diversity against a backdrop of their microhabitat specialisation.

scholarly journals Responses of Bat Communities (Mammalia: Chiroptera) to Forest Loss and Habitat Conversion in Southern Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110103
Author(s):  
Patrick Jules Atagana ◽  
Eric Moïse Bakwo Fils ◽  
Sevilor Kekeunou
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Cameroon ◽  
Habitat Conversion ◽  
Species Specific

We aimed to assess how bats are affected by habitat transformation by comparing bat assemblages in four habitat types: primary forest, secondary forest, cocoa plantations and human habitations in the Dja Biosphere Reserve of southern Cameroon. Bats were sampled in the four habitat types using mist nets. During 126 nights, a total of 413 bats were captured, belonging to four families, 16 genera and 24 species. Ninety three individuals (17 species) were captured in the primary forest, followed by plantations (105 individuals, 14 species), human habitations (159 individuals, 10 species), and secondary forest (55 individuals, eight species). Megaloglossus woermanni was recorded in all the four habitats, and was the most abundant species (105 individuals). The analysis of bat assemblage between habitat types showed a statistically significant difference in species composition. The distribution of the six most abundant species ( Epomops franqueti, Megaloglossus woermanni, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Dohyrina cyclops, Hipposideros cf. caffer and Hipposideros cf. ruber) was influenced by habitat types. Our results suggest that the decrease in species richness observed in disturbed habitats may be due to habitat perturbations of primary forest habitats. Therefore, it is important to examine the effects of habitat conversion at species level, as responses are often species-specific.

scholarly journals Group size and aquatic vegetation modulates male preferences for female shoals in wild zebrafish, Danio rerio

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Ghoshal ◽  
Anuradha Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Aquatic Flora ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Individual

AbstractShoaling decisions in the wild are determined by a combination of innate preferences of the individual along with the interplay of multiple ecological factors. In their natural habitat as well as in the laboratory, zebrafish is a shoaling fish. Here, we investigate the role of group size and associated vegetation in shaping shoaling preferences of wild male zebrafish. We studied the association preference of males to groups of female shoals in a multi-choice test design. We found that males made greater proportion of visits to an 8-female group compared to 2 and 4-female groups. However, males spent similar proportions of time across the three female-containing groups. When artificial vegetation was incorporated along with female number as an additional factor, we found that males prefer high and moderately vegetated patches compared to low or no-vegetation groups, irrespective of the number of females in these patches. Based on experiments using a novel multi-choice design, our results show that preference for group size can change due to interaction of two separate factors. This work is a first attempt to understand the role of aquatic flora in determining shoaling preferences in zebrafish, using an experimental paradigm consisting of a gradation in female and vegetation densities.

Faunistic inventory and zoogeographical analysis of the ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Garf Raydah Nature Reserve, Southwestern of Saudi Arabia, and description of a new species of Paussinae

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4514 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHMOUD S. ABDEL-DAYEM ◽  
IFTEKHAR RASOOL ◽  
ALI A. ELGHARBAWY ◽  
PETER NAGEL ◽  
HATHAL M. ALDHAFER
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
New Records ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
A New Species

Study of ground beetles of the Garf Raydah Nature Reserve, located in the Asir Mountains of southwestern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) resulted in one species, Paussus abditus Nagel, sp. n. described as new to science. Thirteen species (21.3%) are reported as new country records and fifteen species (24.6%) are new records for Asir Province. Adult beetles were collected from 2013 to 2017. The determination of this material yielded a total of 61 species in 40 genera and 17 tribes belonging to nine subfamilies of Carabidae. The species richness represented approximately 36.1% of carabid species previously reported from KSA. The most species rich tribes were the Lebiini (20 species), the Harpalini (10 species), and the Bembidiini (6 species). The life form analysis of adults indicated 18 life form types that are grouped into three categories, Zoophagous (77.1%), Mixophytophagous (18.0%), and Myrmecophilous (4.9%). Zoogeographical analyses indicated that the Afrotropical (19.3%) and the Saharo-Arabian (19.3%) species dominate the carabid fauna of this region of KSA. Coryza cf. maculata (Nietner, 1856) is considered the only Oriental representative. Only one cosmopolitan species, Perigona nigriceps (Dejean, 1831), was collected. Eleven endemics were identified; six species are considered KSA endemics and five are Arabian Peninsula endemics. 

scholarly journals Restoration of soil fertility of the southern chernozem in conditions of the reserve regime of the Orenburg State Nature Reserve

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Alexander Nikolaevich Tyurin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
State Nature

This paper presents a comparative-temporal ecological characterization of the southern chernozem under the regime of the Aituar steppe site command of the Orenburg State Nature Reserve. The degree of ecological rehabilitation of chernozems in specially protected natural areas is shown. Quantitative data are provided on the supply of soil with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the content of heavy metals in the soil. Determination of the content of heavy metals and trace elements in soil samples (according to the method of Krupsky and Aleksandrova in the modification of the Central Institute of Agrochemical Services for Agriculture) was conducted in accordance with GOST 50683-94. The determination of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium was carried out by the method of Machigin (GOST-26205-91), organic matter by the Tyurin method (GOST 26213-9), alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen by Kornfield. The paper presents the results of a comparison of agrochemical and ecology-toxicological studies of southern chernozem in 1996-2016. The main morphogenetic characteristics of the soil profile of the chernozem of the southern carbonate low-humus low-mass medium loamy are given. Data of morphological, physical and agrochemical properties of soils were subjected to mathematical and statistical treatment. This allowed the authors to determine morphological parameters, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the soil and their variation within the elementary soil areas, depending on the position in the landscape and the nature of use. The data obtained indicate a positive dynamics in the provision of soil with humus and elements of mineral nutrition of plants, as well as a significant reduction in the content of heavy metals throughout the soil profile. Thus, we can talk about the natural restoration of soil fertility in conditions of a protected regime in specially protected natural areas.

scholarly journals Analisis Berorientasi Objek Dalam Penentuan Tingkat Kreativitas Siswa Dengan Metode Fuzzy Mamdani

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Kurniawan ◽  
Rahman Abdillah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Different Levels

<em>Problem-solving skill requires the ability to think creatively in exploring various alternatives or solutions. Someone’s ability to think has different levels depending on works he produces. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the determination of student’s creativity level by employing a fuzzy mamdani method. The aim of this research is to know the process of determining the student’s creativity level by using a fuzzy mamdani method. The research applies a survey method with a qualitative research model in which the data are collected by observation, interview and literature review techniques</em>

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS ANGGREK ALAM (Orchidaceae) BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DI GUNUNG POTENG CAGAR ALAM RAYA PASI KOTA SINGKAWANG PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Putri Sesar ◽  
Iskandar A M ◽  
Togar Fernando Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Medium Range

Natural orchids are one of the flora in Mount Poteng which is included of Raya Pasi Nature Reserve located at Singkawang City, West Kalimantan Province. Orchids have economic value for source of income and be beneficial to ecology that needs to be protected. The altitudes and environmental factors strongly affected the presence of orchid species.The research aims to record the diversity of natural orchids species based on the altitudes place in Mount Poteng. The research was conducted on February 28 until March 28, 2020. This research uses survey method. The research sample was taken using double plots method and to determine sample plots locations is conducted by purposive. The total number of the sample plots is 16 plots and each plot measure 20 by 50 meters. Based on the result of research found 19 species of natural orchids that consist of 348 individuals. The results analysis of the diversity index of orchid species in whole of altitudes at Mount Poteng is 1,338 that is included medium range. The highest species diversity index of 1,300 occurred at altitude of 400-500 m asl and the lowest species diversity index at altitude of 700-725 m asl that is 0,594. Orchid species which found in whole of altitudes is Dendrobium crumenatum. Furthermor, there were found the orchid species on certain heights are Cleisostoma scortechinii, Cordiglottis filiformis, Ludisia discolor, and Phalaenopsis pantherina at altitude of 400-500 m asl and species of Bromheadia finlaysoniana and Pomatocalpa latifolia found at altitude of 700-725 m asl.Keywords: altitudes, mount poteng, orchids, species diversity

scholarly journals Patterns of Diversity and Distribution of Arboreal Social Bees’ Beehives within Chimpanzees’ Home Range in a Forest-Savanna Mosaic (Comoé National Park, Côte d’Ivoire)

Sociobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Angele Nicodenin Soro ◽  
Juan Lapuente ◽  
Abduoulaye Ngolo Kone ◽  
Kolo Yeo ◽  
Souleymane Konate
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Forest Island ◽  
Forest Habitats

The goal of this study was to explain the patterns of diversity and distribution of arboreal social bees nesting in forest habitats of the Comoé National park, within the home-ranges of wild chimpanzees that consume their honey. Investigations were done using a total sixteen plots, one hectare each, established in three habitat types (mature forest island, secondary forest island and gallery forest). The diversity and distribution of arboreal social bees was estimated with visuals searches. The exploitation of the beehives of these bee by the chimpanzees was also evaluated using chimpanzees’ honey dipping tools as indicators. Results revealed five bees’ species belonging to two tribes; Meliponini (Meliponula ferruginea, Meliponula togoensis, Meliponula bocandei, Hypotrigona gribodoi) and Apini (Apis mellifera). Frequent exploitation of the honey of stingless bees by the chimpanzees was observed, except for H. gribodoi. Meliponula ferruginea was the most exploited species by chimpanzees. A total of 114 beehives were found in the overall established plots leading to an estimated density of 2.4 beehives/ha in the study area. Among the surveyed habitats, mature forest island was found to harbor the highest beehive density (4.2 beehives/ha), followed respectively by secondary-forest island (1.9 beehives/ha) and gallery forest (1.1 beehives/ha). Finally, all bee species were found nesting in cavities of trees with a DBH ranging from 15 to 87.3 cm, with a special preference for Dialium guinneense. However, the DBH of nesting trees and beehives’ height, measured from the ground level, did not significantly influence the honey exploitation by chimpanzees. In sum bee species diversity and distribution might be important in the survival of chimpanzees of a forest savanna landscape.

scholarly journals Rafflesia patma Blume in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java: Population Structure, Distribution Patterns, and Environmental Influences

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 64800
Author(s):  
Bahana Aditya Adnan ◽  
Suwarno Hadisusanto ◽  
Purnomo Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
West Java ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Morisita Index

Rafflesia patma is an endemic plant of Pangandaran, West Java which is protected because of its rare status. The purpose of this research is to study the population structure, distribution patterns, and the effect of the physical environment of abundance R. patma in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java. The method used in this research was a survey method with a purposive sampling technique. Sampling was conducted using quadrat plots. The population pattern distribution was defined by a standardized Morisita index, and the analysis of abiotic environmental factors was determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using PAST3. The results showed that there were 114 R. patma individuals scattered in several research areas in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, they were Gua Parat (3 individuals), Cilegon (13 individuals), Pasir Putih (12 individuals), Badeto (48 individuals), and Curug Leutik (38 individuals). The distribution pattern of R. patma in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve was clustered with the Morisita index value (Id) > 1. Based on the PCA analysis, results that support the classification of the cluster analysis were obtained. Based on four abiotic environmental conditions analyzed, the most dominant character in influencing the distribution patterns and population structure of R. patma is light intensity. 

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