scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS AMARA DARI PRODUK JST TERNAK, PREBIOTIK TERNAK, DAN ASAM AMINO TERNAK TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus L.) GALUR WISTAR

PHARMACON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Marsella Sumerah ◽  
Adithya Yudistira ◽  
Karlah L.R Mansauda
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain

ABSTRACTLivestock  JST Products, Livestock Prebiotic Products, and Livestock Amino Acid Products, are herbal products that have the potential to be used as animal feed which functions to increase appetite in livestock. This study aims to determine the amara activity of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Wistar strain. The rats were treated with an idealized treatment for Animal JST Products, Animal Prebiotic Products, and Animal Amino Acid Products, as much as 2 ml, every afternoon for 10 days using an oral sonde device and a 5 cc dispo and the treatment group without giving the product as a negative control, which was only given food cattle in the form of concentrate. The results showed that the administration of Animal JST Products, Animal Prebiotic Products, and Animal Amino Acid Products, affected the appetite of Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Wistar strain, which was marked by weight gain.Keywords  :     Animal JST Products, Animal Prebiotic Products, Animal Amino Acid Products,        Rattus norvegicus L. ABSTRAK Produk JST Ternak, Produk Prebiotik Ternak, dan Produk  Asam Amino Ternak, merupakan suatu produk herbal yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak yang berfungsi dapat meningkatkan nafsu makan pada ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas amara terhadap Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.) Galur Wistar. Tikus diberi perlakuan dioralkan Produk JST Ternak, Produk Prebiotik Ternak, dan Produk Asam Amino Ternak, sebanyak 2 ml, setiap sore selama 10 hari dengan menggunakan alat sonde oral dan dispo 5 cc dan kelompok perlakuan tanpa pemberian produk sebagai kontrol negatif, yang hanya diberikan pakan ternak berupa konsentrat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Produk JST Ternak, Produk Prebiotik Ternak, dan Produk Asam Amino Ternak, berpengaruh terhadap nafsu makan Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.) Galur Wistar, yang ditandai dengan kenaikan berat badan.Kata Kunci  : Produk JST Ternak, Produk Prebiotik Ternak, Produk  Asam Amino Ternak,  Rattus norvegicus L.

scholarly journals Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Pegagan (Centella Asiatica) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat Pada Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus Norvegicus) Galur Wistar

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
I Made Subhawa Harsa
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain

Wound refers to partly damage or loss of body tissue. One way that has been used by the people in helping the process of wound healing is the use of medicinal plants, such as gotu kola (Centella asiatica). Gotu kola (Centella asiatica)  is kind of plant that found almost in all territories of Indonesia which functions as a cell revitalizing substance which quickens wound healing those are burnt, skin ulcer and to prevent keloid. This study is aimed to know the effect of giving gotu kola leaf extract (Centella Asiatica) against to the healing of the wound incision on male white rats (Rattus Norvegicus) wistar strain. This study is a pure experimental research using the randomized post test only control group design with the subjects are 30 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) wistar strain that were divided into 3 groups, namely K1, K2, and K3. The incision wound were made on the back of all white rat in each group with a length of ± 2 cm and a depth of ± 2 mm. The wound in the negative control group (K1) was not given any substance; in the positive control group (K2) was given povidone iodine 10%; and in the treatment group (K3) was given gotu kola leaf extract at a dose of 37,5 mg/150 grBB. The study was done for 10 days. Furthermore, wound observation and monitoring is held. Then the results were processed by using One Way ANOVA. The result study of wound incision healing on male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) wistar strain shows that there is significant difference among the negative control group (K1), the positive control group (K2), and the treatment group (K3) on One Way ANOVA test which significant p-value are 0,027 (p < 0.05). The result of Post-Hoc LSD test also shows a significant differences among the K1 and K3 groups, and K2 and K3 groups which significant p-values are 0,011 and 0,038 (p < 0,05). From these results, it can be concluded that gotu kola leaf extract (Centella asiatica) effective on quickens wound healing of the wound incision on male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) wistar strain.

scholarly journals UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera Lam.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)

PHARMACON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Alyah A.P Tamimi ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe ◽  
Jainer P. Siampa
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

ABSTRACTAnalgesic medicinals are medicinals that can inhibit pain. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam.) are known to contains alkaloid and flavonoid which have analgesic effects.The purpose of this study was to determine the analgesic effects of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves on male white rats wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus). A total of 15 rats were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely the negative control group (CMC), positive control group (paracetamol), and the group of ethanol extract of Moringa leaves with different doses of 0.1 g, 0.2 g, and 0.4 g. Rat response was observed before giving test material and after giving test material from the 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th minutes. Data were analyzed using ANOVA then continued with LSD test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves with dosages of 0.1 g, 0.2 g, and 0.4 g had an analgesic effect on male white rats wistar strain. And among these three doses the best in providing analgesic effect is a dose of 0.4 g. Keywords: Analgesic, Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera Lam.), Rattus norvegicus. ABSTRAKObat analgesik merupakan obat yang dapat menghambat rasa nyeri. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) diketahui mengandung alkaloid dan flavonoid yang memiliki efek analgesik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya efek analgesik dari ekstrak etanol daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Sebanyak 15 ekor tikus dibagi 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif, dan kelompok ekstrak etanol daun kelor dengan dosis berbeda 0,1 g, 0,2 g, dan 0,4 g. Respon tikus diamati sebelum pemberian bahan uji dan setelah pemberian bahan uji dari menit ke 30, 60, 90, dan 120. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA kemudian dilanjutkan uji LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kelor  dengan dosis 0,1 g 0,2 g, dan 0,4 g memiliki efek analgesik terhadap tikus putih jantan galur wistar. Dan diantara ketiga pemberian dosis tersebut yang paling baik dalam memberikan efek analgesik yaitu dosis 0,4 g. Kata kunci: Analgesik, Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.), Rattus norvegicus.

scholarly journals Effect of Tomate Juice On Trigliserida Levels Of Male White Rats Induced by Alloxan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
FITRI HANDAJANI ◽  
Ibrahim Shihatta
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Triglyceride Synthesis ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tomato juice is believed to affect triglyceride levels in the blood because it contains lycopene. This study aims to determine the effect of tomato juice (Solanum lycopersicum) on blood triglyceride levels in the wistar strain of male Rattus norvegicus induced by alloxan. Methods: 24 were divided into 3 groups, (1) Group K (-) experimental animals without treatment, (2) Group K (+) experimental animals induced by alloxan 150 mg / kgBB, (3) Treatment group K (P) animals tried alloxan induced 150 mg / kg and got 1.75 ml / head of tomato juice. Results: There was a significant difference in mean triglyceride levels between groups K (-) and group K (+). This indicates that the induction of alloxan increases blood triglyceride levels. There were significant differences in the mean triglyceride levels between the K (+) and K (P) groups because tomato juice contained lycopene which could reduce triglyceride synthesis. Conclusions: Tomato juice (solanum lycopersicum) reduced wistar strain male Rattus novergicus triglyceride levels induced by alloxan.  

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SOYOGIK (Saurauia bracteosa DC) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR

PHARMACON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Dina Imorina Legoh ◽  
Max R.J. Runtuwene ◽  
Paulina V.Y. Yamlean
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thermal Induction ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRACT  Soyogik leaves (Saurauia bracteosa DC) are plants that have flavonoid compounds that act as analgesics. This study aims to test the analgesic activity of soyogic leaf extract on male white rats Wistar strain using the thermic pain induction method. This research method is laboratory experimental, using male white rats (Rattus novergicus). The results obtained from the number of responses of mice between before and after giving the test solution. The treatment was initiated by thermal induction of pain in rats. Furthermore, the rat response was calculated, then given negative control (CMC), positive control (paracetamol), and soyogic leaf extract with a dose of 0.375 g / KgBB, 0.75 g / KgBB and 1.5 g / KgBB. The response of the mice after being given the treatment was seen from the 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th minutes. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program, the real differences between the treatments were tested by one way ANOVA. The results showed that soyogic leaf extract with a dose of 0.375 g / KgBB, a dose of 0.75 g / KgBB and a dose of 1.5 g / KgBB have analgesic activity. Keywords: analgesics, Saurauia bracteosa DC, Rattus norvegicus  ABSTRAK Daun soyogik (Saurauia bracteosa DC) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki senyawa flavonoid yang berperan sebagai analgesik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas analgesik dari ekstrak daun soyogik pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar dengan metode induksi nyeri cara termik. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium, menggunakan tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus). Hasil penelitian diperoleh dari jumlah respon tikus antara sebelum dan sesudah pemberian larutan uji. Perlakuan diawali dengan induksi nyeri cara termik pada tikus. Selanjutnya dihitung jumlah respon tikus, kemudian diberikan kontrol negatif (CMC), kontrol positif (paracetamol), dan ekstrak daun soyogik dosis  0,375 g/KgBB, 0,75 g/KgBB dan 1,5 g/KgBB. Respon tikus setelah diberikan perlakuan dilihat mulai dari menit ke 30, 60, 90, dan 120. Data dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS, beda nyata antar perlakuan diuji dengan one way ANOVA. Hasil yang didapat menunukkan ekstrak daun soyogik dosis 0,375 g/KgBB, dosis 0,75 g/KgBB dan dosis 1,5 g/KgBB memiliki aktivitas analgesik.  Kata Kunci: analgesik, Saurauia bracteosa DC, Rattus norvegicus

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR SEDUHAN BERAS YANG DIFERMENTASI OLEH MONASCUS PURPUREUS (ANGKAK) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL SERUM PADA TIKUS PUTIH

Biomedika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhimass Wicaksono ◽  
Retno Sintowati ◽  
Sa’idatul Fitriyah
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group A

The using of plant-based medicine is a popular approach to health care. A study presented by American Hearth Association showing that brown rice can lower cholesterol level in bood serum. To know the benefi ts of Angkak’s steeping water to decrease serum cholesterol levels in mice and determine the effects of Angkak’s steeping water to decrease serum cholesterol levels in rats compared with simvastatin. This study used an experimental research design, and using pre and post test control group design, performed in the laboratory of biomedical III FK UMS on November 1, 2012 to date of January 1, 2013. The purposive sampling technique, sampel determinaton using formula Federer by the number of sample of 30 male white rats wistar strain. After the data is collected, analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA, LSD, and the unpaired t test. The result of this study demnstrate hypothesis testing using ANOVA test with signifi cant level 95% of the negative control group, the treatment group a dose of 1, 2, and 3, it was found p<0,05 were signifi cantly different meaning. In the test dose of LSD between treatment groups 2 and 3 the value of p=0,839 (p>0,05) wich means no signifi cant difference. In the unpaired T test between the treatment group a dose of 1, 2, and 3 with positive control group were signifi cant difference. The unpaired T test between the treatment group a dose of 1, 2, and 3 with white rice also found signifi cant difference. Conclusion: Angkak’s steeping water can lower serum cholesterol levels of white rat as well as the water steepimg Angkak has the same effectiveness with simvastatin to decrease serum cholesterol levels of mice.Keyword: Cholesterol, Angkak

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN KRIM EKSTRAK BATANG DAN DAUN SURUHAN (Peperomia pellucida L.H.B.K) DALAM PROSES PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Nur Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Herbaceous Plant

Background: Peperomia pellucida L'HBK or known as messengers in the Indonesian plant is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the family Piperaceae. This study aimed to determine the effect of the stem and leaf extract cream messengers to the healing process of burns in rats (Rattus norvegicus. Methods: This was an experimental study using a completely randomized design. Test animals were divided into three groups, each - each group consisted of 3 rats. The first group is the negative control group (distilled water), the second group is a positive control group (Bioplacenton®), the third group is the group treated stem and leaf extract cream errand. The diameter of the wound and fibroblasts observed histopathology and is used as an indicator of the healing process of burns. The burns were treated and observed the healing effect for 20 days. Data were analyzed statistically wound diameter using ANOVA followed by LSD test. Results: The results showed the cream extracts of stems and leaves telling effect on the healing process of burns on rats. Conclusion: The results also showed that the treatment group and the leaf stem extract cream messengers and control groups positively influence the healing process of burns significantly when compared to the negative control group. Meanwhile, the treatment group stem and leaf extract cream messengers have no preformance difference influence the healing process of burns a significant positive control group

scholarly journals Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) Memperbaiki Profil Lipid Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Jantan Dislipidemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Melita Hidajat ◽  
I Gusti Made Aman ◽  
Hendro Sukoco ◽  
Ferbian Milas Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia

The purpose of this study was to prove that the administration of Jati (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) leaves extract improves the lipid profile of dyslipidemic male Wistar rats. Subjects were 20 rats (Rattus norvegicus), male, Wistar strain, dyslipidemia (total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg dl-1), aged 2 months old, weighing 180-200 grams. The control group (10 rats) were given a placebo of 3 ml aquadest (P0) and the treatment group was given extracts of the Jati (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) leaves extract of 25 mg kg-1 BW (P1). Before and after treatment for 14 days, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels were examined. The results showed that in the P0 group there were no changes in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels (p>0.05), whereas the P1 group experienced a decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels (p<0.05) and an increase in HDL levels (p<0.05). The results of this study indicated that the Jati leaves extract was effective to improve the lipid profile of dyslipidemic rats. It was necessary to compare the effectiveness of Jati leaves extract with synthetic dyslipidemia drugs used in the community such as statin.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kitosan Terhadap Jumlah Osteoklas dan Osteoblas Pada Tikus Galur Wistar Model Menopause

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Chitosan is one of the most abundant and dispersed polymers in nature. It has a rapid healing effect for tissues and has an effect on bone remodeling. The purpose of this study was to prove that giving chitosan influenced the decrease of osteoclast number and increasing number of osteoblasts in female mice of wistar strain of ovariectomy menopause model.This study used a posttest only control group design. The total sample of 30 rats divided into three groups was randomized, osteoporosis was made with the menopausal model which was performed ovariectomy in the positive control group and the treatment group then in the treatment group was given chitosan extract of single dose of 45 mg / day via Nasogastric Tube (NGT). K1 was a negative control group (without ovariectomy and without chitosan), K2 was a positive control group (with no chitosan ovariectomy), K3 was the treatment group (ovariectomy and chitosan 45 mg / day).The results showed significant differences in the number of osteoblasts between K1 and K3, K2 with K3, and no significant differences were found in the K1 group with K2. While the number of osteoclasts showed that there were significant differences in K1 group with K2 and no significant difference was found in K1 group with K3, K2 with K3.Conclusions in this study showed that 45 mg / day of chitosan doses could significantly increase osteoblast counts in menopause female white rats and decrease the number of osteoclasts performed by ovariectomy with chitosan administration.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Boiled Figs (Ficus carica L), Rosy Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) and Cherry (Muntingia Calabura L.) on Decreasing SGOT and SGPT Serum in Male Wistar Strain Rats with Acute Hepatitis Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 744-755
Author(s):  
Grace Arni Yunita Hutajulu ◽  
Untung Sudharmono
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Acute hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. This disorder is usually caused by a virus or exposure to alcohol, drugs, toxic, or other pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of boiled figs leaves (Ficus carica L.), Rosy Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), and cherry (Muntingia Calabura L.) on decreasing serum levels of SGOT and SGPT. The objects in this study were 30 male Wistar strain rats aged 2-3 months with a weight of 180-200 grams. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the treatment group, positive control and negative control. The treatment group and positive control group were induced paracetamol 120 mg / day orally for 7 days. Boiled water of 0.3 grams Figs (Ficus carica L.), 3.5 grams of rosy Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), and 3.5 grams of cherry (Muntingia Calabura L.) was given as much as 3.6 cc orally for 7 days to treatment group. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24, One Way ANOVA test was performed to compare SGOT and SGPT levels. The results showed a significant difference in SGOT levels between the treatment group, positive control group, and negative control group (p <0.05) and there were significant differences in SGPT levels between the treatment group and positive control group (p <0.05). The conclusions of this study were mixed  boiled of Figs (Ficus carica L.), rosy Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), and and Cherry (Muntingia Calabura L.) had an effect in decreasing serum SGOT and SGPT in male rats with acute hepatitis model.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Interleukin-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Cytokines in Rattus norvegicus with Endometritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 798-801
Author(s):  
Muhammad Oky Prabudi ◽  
M. F. G. Siregar ◽  
I. P. A. Nasution ◽  
S. Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

BACKGROUND: Endometritis is a gynecological disease characterized by inflammation of the endometrial glands and stroma. Inflammatory stimuli or tissue injury induce inflammatory pain through the release of cytokines. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a water-soluble Vitamin that plays a role in inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and increases the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. AIM: The purpose of this study was to find out the association between administration of AA and inflammatory cytokines in experimental animals Rattus norvegicus with endometritis. METHODS: The research was conducted using virgin female R. norvegicus laboratory mice weighing 250–300 g and aged 11–12 weeks with an estrus cycle of 5–6 days. Mice with regular oestrous cycles were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 was given 200 L of water orally without Escherichia coli inoculation and represented a negative control. Groups 2 and 3 were inoculated (50 L/rat) E. coli intravaginally, 106 colony-forming unit/mL, Group 2 was not given AA and the other side Group 3 was assigned AA. The interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α _cytokines examination was carried out by histopathological examination through a biopsy of the endometrial tissue. Hypothesis testing on the data was analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. RESULTS: Data from the current study revealed that the highest mean value of IL-10 was found in the negative control group (2.5) and the lowest value in the positive control group (1.3). Regarding TNF-α _the highest mean value (2.8) was found in the treatment group and the lowest mean value (2.1) was found in the treatment group. Using the Kruskal Wallis test, IL-10 and TNF-α _showed insignificant results (p = value 0.304 and 0.145 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of AA did not affect the decrease in TNF-α _or the upregulation of IL-10 as anti-inflammatory cytokines.

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