scholarly journals Literasi promotional mix pada UKM-UKM di kota Depok, Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
A. Bernadin Dwi Mardiatmi ◽  
◽  
Dahlia Pinem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Marketing Performance ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Service Activity

Purpose: SME is a business that has very good development potential. SMEs in Cipayung Urban Village, Depok City, West Java have various and high-quality products, but unfortunately amid the Covid-19 pandemic, promotion is hampered. This is due to the lack of partners' knowledge about online promotion by utilizing digital media. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide literacy about the promotional mix through online media which is expected to increase partner income. Method: The method used is educational FGD regarding the promotional mix, training on creating business social media accounts (WhatsApp and Facebook) and marketplace accounts (Tokopedia), as well as promotion strategy assistance. Result: The result of this community service activity is the partners' understanding of the promotional mix has increased. It can be seen from the pretest results with an average value of 5.98, increasing in the post-test results to 6.86. In addition, partners can carry out promotional practices through WhatsApp Status, create a Facebook account and create an Online Store on Tokopedia, then carry out promotions by posting product photos. Conclusion: Mentoring assistance activities can increase partners' knowledge about online marketing and can carry out practices regarding promotion through social media. Keywords: Marketing performance, Literacy promotional mix, SME

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PARENTING IN THE USE OF ETHICAL SOCIAL MEDIA IN KAUMAN VILLAGE, SEDAYU DISTRICT, GRESIK DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Qomaru Zaman ◽  
Dwi Retnani Srinarwati ◽  
Suhari Suhari ◽  
I Made Arsana
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Service Activity

The purpose of this community service activity was explained, so that parents, and the community in Kauman Village, Sedayu District, Gresik Regency, had more attention about the importance of assisting children in operating the Mobile Phone (HP), especially in accessing social media. The approach that will be applied in the implementation of this activity is the lecture and simulation methods. The activities that will be carried out are an explanation of the understanding, rules, and dangers that will come if the operation of a child without the assistance and education of a parent, parenting is done by providing how the application of parents who should, in assisting their children to play mobile or social media. From this parenting activity, it can be concluded that there is an increase in the community's understanding of the nature of parenting, and the implementation of parenting, the impacts that can occur. The increase was seen from the average value of the pre-test of 85%, which initially not many participants understood the positive and negative aspects of social media, this means that only 15% of participants knew the nature of parenting. After taking part in the training in parenting activities, the average post-test score rose to 92% of participants who understood parenting, and only 8% were left with low scores.

scholarly journals Membangun Partisipasi Siswa Dalam Pemanfaatan Media Promosi Kesehatan Online Perilakuhidupsehat.Org Di SMK Pariwisata Sila Chandra Batubulan, Kecamatan Sukawati Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
GA Dewi Kusumayanti ◽  
I Putu Suiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Community Service ◽  
School Health ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
School Health Education ◽  
Health Promotion Strategy ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Service Activity

The opportunity to use the internet as a health promotion strategy is expected to improve the degree of public health. This technology is able to facilitate the delivery of information more closely, reaching healthy but irregular individuals in contact with health services. The purpose of this community service activity is to find out changes in knowledge about healthy living behaviors and participation in the use of online health promotion media "behavior livesehat.org". The target in this community service activity is students at the Sila Chandra Batubulan Tourism Vocational School, Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency. These community service activities are carried out using direct and indirect socialization methods. Evaluation of the process is done by conducting interviews with community service goals, monitoring the level of attendance of community service participants and activeness. In this socialization activity students listened intently to the material presented. The results of the pre-test target show the lowest value of 20 and the highest value of 80 with an average of 52.14 + 15.71. While the post-test results show the lowest value of 50 and the highest of 100 with an average of 70.71 + 10.51. There was a significant increase in knowledge based on paired t test results (p 0.05). Keywords: Online Media, Student, School Health Education Program

scholarly journals Edukasi Manfaat Vaksinasi Covid-19 dan Menangkal Hoax

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Martina Pakpahan ◽  
Deborah Siregar ◽  
Lina Berliana Togatorop ◽  
Marisa Junianti Manik ◽  
Masrida Adolina Panjaitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
District Health ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Use Of Social Media

ABSTRAK Vaksianasi Covid-19 menjadi program nasional yang dicanangkan Pemerintah bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesa di ke 34 Provinsi, dimulai sejak 13 Januari 2021 dan ditargetkan rampung pada Desember 2021. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM) dilakukan pada tanggal 4 Juni 2021 dalam bentuk webinar kesehatan diselenggarakan oleh Fakultas Keperawatan UPH bekerjasama dengan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Tangerang, Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk mendukung pemerintah dalam capaian vaksinasi Covid-19 melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap positif masyarakat untuk mengikuti vaksinasi. Kegiatan ditujukan bagi masyarakat umum dan diikuti oleh 227 peserta. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan hal-hal sebagai berikut: 1) Karakteristik Peserta: berasal dari berbagai Provinsi (mayoritas dari Banten yaitu sebanyak 22%), beragam profesi (mayoritas adalah mahasiswa sebanyak 62,6%), beragam jenjang pendidikan (mayoritas adalah S1 yaitu sebanyak 67,4%) dan berbagai usia (mayoritas adalah 17-25 tahun yaitu sebanyak 66,5%); 2) Gambaran pengetahuan peserta terkait vaksin COVID-19 sudah baik. Hal ini terlihat dari rerata nilai pre-test sebesar 7.28 dan Nilai Median 7 yang kemudian meningkat pada post-test dengan rerata nilai 8.29 dan Nilai Median 9; 3) Sebanyak 207 (91,2%) peserta belum pernah terinfeksi COVID-19, sebanyak 220 (96,9%) peserta memiliki sikap positif (menilai penting) pemberian vaksin COVID-19, sebanyak 106 (46,7%) peserta mendapatkan informasi terkait vaksin COVID-19 dari media sosial, dan sebanyak 122 (53,7%) peserta belum pernah mendapatkan vaksin COVID-19; 4) Peserta antusias mengikuti webinar dari awal sampai akhir dan menilai kegiatan baik (memuaskan). Saran untuk lembaga mitra, agar dapat memanfaatkan media sosial secara maksimal untuk sosialisasi dan edukasi terkait vaksinasi COVID-19. Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Imunitas, Masyarakat, Pemerintah, Vaksin  ABSTRACT The Covid-19 vaccination is a national program launched by the government for all Indonesians in 34 provinces beginning January 13, 2021 and expected to be completed in December 2021. A Community Service Activity (PkM) was held on June 4, 2021 in the form of a health webinar organized by The UPH Faculty of Nursing in collaboration with the Tangerang District Health Office and the Bali Provincial Health Office. The purpose of this activity is to support the government in achieving Covid-19 vaccination by increasing public awareness and positive attitudes toward vaccination. The activity was intended for the general public and had 227 participants. The results of the activity showed the following: 1) Characteristics of Participants: came from various provinces (the majority were from Banten, which was 22%), various professions (the majority were students, as many as 62.6%), various levels of education (the majority were Bachelors, namely 67.4%) and various ages (the majority are 17-25 years, which is 66.5%); 2) The description of participants' knowledge regarding the COVID-19 vaccine is good. This can be seen from the average pre-test score of 7.28 and a median value of 7 which then increased in the post-test with an average value of 8.29 and a median value of 9; 3) A total of 207 (91.2%) participants had never been infected with COVID-19, as many as 220 (96.9%) participants had a positive attitude (judged it was important) to administer the COVID-19 vaccine, as many as 106 (46.7%) participants received information related to the COVID-19 vaccine from social media, and as many as 122 (53.7%) participants had never received the COVID-19 vaccine; 4) Participants participated enthusiastically in the webinar from start to finish and rated the activity as good (satisfactory). Suggestions for partner institutions to make the best use of social media for COVID-19 vaccination socialization and education. Keywords: COVID-19, Immunity, Society, Government, Vaccines

scholarly journals Training of Gluten and Casein Free Snack Processing for Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Novriani Tarigan ◽  
Ginta Siahaan ◽  
Dini Lestrina
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato ◽  
Made In

The gluten and casein-free (GCF) diet is one alternative ways in handling children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of this community service activities was to improve the attitudes, motivations and skills of the mothers in order to be able to prepare GCF diet that are safe for consumption by ASD children. The target participants of this community service activity were 25 mothers of ASD children from the Pondok Peduli Autis Foundation in Medan. Stages of implementation consisted of socializing the activities, pre-test, and counseling on a GFC diet, training and demonstrations on processing of GCF snacks, as well as evaluating activities in the form of a post-test. The GCF products made in the training activities were purple sweet potato pudding, pumpkin pudding, hunkwe pudding, corn bakwan, cassava omelette, cassava pastel, and cassava croquette with vegetables. The average pre-test results on the participants' knowledge about GCF diets was 45.6. After counseling twice by using a "Booklet" tools and training on the processing of GCF products, there was an increase in knowledge to 81.9. Furthermore, after regularly consuming the GCF foods prepared based on this program, more than 50% participants found their autis children improvement in learning concentration and no longer hyperactive.

scholarly journals PENDAMPINGAN PEMASARAN DAN PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN MELALUI DARING PADA UD. EVARIO MANDIRI JAYA

Al-Khidmat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Evana Andriani ◽  
Faridhatun Faidah ◽  
Etni Marliana
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
The World ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Media

AbstrakCovid-19 yang saat ini mewabah di seluruh belahan dunia memberikan dampak yang cukup besar untuk perekonomian di Indonesia, khususnya bagi para pengusaha kecil. Keterbatasan modal yang dimiliki, ditambah tingkat penjualan yang menurun drastis, membuat para pengusaha harus berimprovisasi berbagai cara agar produk mereka tetap dapat terjual. Salah satu cara paling efektif untuk meningkatkan penjualan bagi mereka pengusaha kecil yang memiliki modal terbatas, yaitu beralih dari pemasaran dan penjualan secara luring menjadi pemasaran dan penjualan daring. Pemasaran dan penjualan daring dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan media marketplace maupun sosial media.  Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pendampingan kepada UD. Evario Mandiri Jaya untuk mengembangkan saluran pemasaran dan penjualan dari luring ke saluran pemasaran dan penjualan secara daring, lalu dapat meningkatkan kesadaran merek lebih luas dari para calon konsumennya Setelah kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan, UD. Evario Mandiri Jaya dapat melaksanakan kegiatan pemasaran dan penjualan secara daring menggunakan marketplace dan media sosial. AbstractThe Covid-19, which is currently endemic in all parts of the world, has had a considerable impact on the economy in Indonesia, especially for small entrepreneurs. The limited capital they have, coupled with a drastic drop in sales, have forced entrepreneurs have to improve in various ways to make their products can still be sold. One of the most effective ways to increase sales for those small entrepreneurs who have limited capital is to switch from offline marketing and sales to online marketing and sales. Online marketing and sales can be done using the media marketplace and social media. The purpose of this service is to provide training to UD. Evario Mandiri Jaya to develop marketing and sales channels from offline to online, then can increase brand awareness more broadly from potential consumers After this community service activity was carried out, UD. Evario Mandiri Jaya can start doing marketing and sales activities online using the marketplace and social media.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN INSTAGRAM MARKETING UNTUK TENANT INKUBATOR BISNIS TRILOGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
M. Lahandi Baskoro ◽  
Maulidian Maulidian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Business Incubator ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Marketing Tool

Abstract: In 2018, the number of Instagram users in Indonesia has reached 55 million users. A year earlier, Jakarta is the champ on Instagram as the most photographed place, surpassing Sao Paulo, New York and Madrid. This phenomenon shows that Instagram is a social network that is trending in Indonesia right now. Trilogi Business Incubator (Inbistro) is a business incubator belonging to the Universitas Trilogi. From observations and discussions, there are still many tenants which assisted by Inbistro who do not understand digital marketing, especially with Instagram. Albeit, Instagram has become a popular social media in Indonesia, including for product promotion. This community service activity will try to answer the problem: how to increase the capacity of Inbistro tenants so that they understand the basics of Instagram marketing? Our training was designed in 3 (three) sessions which discussed: (1) the importance of using Instagram as a marketing tool for a business; (2) How to find quality, free royalty photos and videos for Instagram content; (3) How to find products and sell them on Instagram. Keywords: Instagram marketing, Trilogi Business Incubator, Inbistro, social media, online marketing Abstrak:  Di tahun 2018, jumlah pengguna Instagram Indonesia telah mencapai 55 juta pengguna. Setahun sebelumnya, Jakarta menjadi juara di Instagram sebagai tempat yang paling banyak difoto, melewati Sao Paulo, New York dan Madrid. Fenomena ini menunjukkan bahwa Instagram adalah jejaring sosial yang sedang diminati di Indonesia saat ini. Inkubator Bisnis Trilogi (Inbistro) adalah inkubator bisnis milik Universitas Trilogi. Dari pengamatan dan diskusi, terlihat bahwa masih banyak tenant binaan Inbistro yang belum memahami tentang digital marketing, terlebih dengan Instagram. Padahal Instagram telah menjadi media sosial yang cukup populer di Indonesia, termasuk untuk promosi produk. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini akan mencoba menjawab permasalahan: bagaimana cara meningkatkan kapasitas tenant Inbistro agar mereka memahami dasar-dasar pemasaran melalui Instagram (Instagram marketing)? Pelatihan kami rancang dalam 3 (tiga) sesi yang membahas: (1) Pentingnya memanfaatkan Instagram sebagai sarana pemasaran suatu bisnis; (2) Cara mencari foto dan video berkualitas, tanpa berbayar, untuk konten Instagram; (3) Cara mencari produk dan menjualnya di Instagram. Kata Kunci: Instagram Marketing, Inkubator Bisnis Trilogi, Inbistro, media sosial, pemasaran daring

scholarly journals Training on the Use of Computer Applications in Making Learning Videos (Training for MTs Miftah Assa'adah Teachers)

JUDIMAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Rufman Iman Akbar ◽  
Chaerul Anwar ◽  
Johannes Hamonangan Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Computer Resources

<p>This Community Service activity was carried out because they we the teacher's lack of ability in making their own learning videos. This ability is very much-needed in this pandemic, because students have to do distance learning. Universitas Pembangunan Jaya conducts training for teachers at MTs Miftah Assa'adah School located in South Tangerang area. In distance learning, the use of video media is needed by students. Teacher training is conducted using a combination of online and offline methods. The teachers were also given hand-on training to create, edit and upload the learning videos they made. Training using common applications and can be obtained easily. The applications used are also applications that do not require high computer resources, so they can be done with only standard devices. For example MS Power Point, Canva and Movie Maker, VLC and even Zoom. Of the 10 indicators used as a measure, 8 of them showed an increase of over 50%. The post-test results at the end of the training also showed an improvement in the general abilities of the training participants </p>

scholarly journals SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISING ASSISTANCE WITH PERSUASION CONCEPT – ELABORATION LIKELIHOOD MODEL (ELM) FOR SMES IN SURABAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Phima Ruthia Dwikesumasari ◽  
Maurisia Putri Permatasari ◽  
Damar Kristanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Elaboration Likelihood Model ◽  
Elaboration Likelihood ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Likelihood Model ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Marketing Methods

Background: Along with the development of digital media tools, the direction of marketing shifts from conventional to social media-oriented. However, this is not easily conducted by SME business circles. Many of them do not have high literacy, do not have IT coding skills. In addition, capitalizing as well as maintaining a website are costly for them. This fact encourages the SMEs to look at another opportunity, namely the use of social media. However, it proves that these SMEs have not utilized the use of social media with persuasive advertisements. Objective: This community service activity purposes to assist the SMEs in Surabaya creating their social media advertisements using the persuasion concept-elaboration likelihood model (ELM) to solve the problems in marketing. Methods: The methods used are (1) discussion; (2) training and assisting in making advertisements; (4) evaluating/monitoring. As a result of this community service activity, the SMEs that have been assisted are able to create persuasive social media advertisements and can improve their marketing performance. Results: These MSME owners are able to create advertisements using the ELM method and determine the performance of these advertisements. Conclusion: SME owners can create advertisements using the ELM method during the training period, conduct independent evaluations of advertisements, the sales performance of these SMEs tends to increase compared to the previous by creating advertisements using the ELM method, practical modules are provided so that making advertisements using same method can be practiced for current and future needs.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PENGURUS DAN ANGGOTA KOPERASI BERSATU KERABAT PULO KAMBING (KBKBK) JAKARTA TIMUR PASCA KONVERSI MENJADI KOPERASI SYARIAH

Sarwahita ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Sahlan Hasbi ◽  
Zaldy Suhatman
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Operational Mechanism ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Cooperative Training ◽  
Post Test

Abstract The change in the BKPK Cooperative system from a conventional pattern to a Sharia pattern in which Islamic legal principles are an important part of the Cooperative's business activities based on fatwas has also an impact on the use of contracts in the collection of funds and in the distribution of funding. Increasing education and socialization that is more structured and systematic after the conversion is absolutely necessary as an effort to increase the competency of the human resources management and members of the Cooperative. As a manifestation of the implementation of the College's tasks, community service activities are carried out using the Pupular Education method, which is devoted to learning with the community or strengthening community abilities, potential and assets. Out of all 30 participants, only 4 (13.3%) have received training on Sharia or Sharia Cooperative training. While the remaining 26 participants (86.7%) had never attended training. The average value of the competency test results of the participants after the training, generally increased. For sharia maqasid competencies, the average pre test score was 6.67 points, an increase of 60% or the average post test score was 16.50 points. The competency value of Fatwa, Deposit Agreement and Financing during pre-test was 16.17 points, increasing by 43% or becoming 28.50 points during post-test. The competency value of the Operational Mechanism during the pre-test was 11.50 points, increasing by 55% or becoming 25.33 points during the post-test. As an accumulation of the three competencies, the average post test score of participants was 72.5 points with the lowest score being 50 points and the highest score being 95 points. Abstrak Perubahan sistem Koperasi BKPK dari pola konvensional menjadi pola Syariah di mana prinsip hukum Islam menjadi bagian penting dalam kegiatan usaha Koperasi dengan berdasarkan fatwa berdampak pula pada penggunaan akad-akad dalam penghimpunan dana maupun dalam penyaluran pembiayaan. Peningkatan edukasi dan sosialisasi yang lebih terstruktur dan sistematis pasca konversi menjadi mutlak dilakukan sebagai upaya peningkatan kompetensi sumber daya manusia pengurus dan anggota Koperasi. Sebagai wujud dari implementasi tugas Perguruan Tinggi, maka dilaksanaknlah kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan menggunakan metode Pendidikan Masyarakat, yakni kegiatan pengabdian yang ditujukan untuk belajar bersama masyarakat atau menguatkan kemampuan, potensi dan aset masyarakat. Dari seluruh peserta pelatihan yang berjumlah 30 orang, hanya sebanyak 4 orang peserta (13.3%) yang sudah pernah mendapatkan pelatihan tentang syariah atau Koperasi Syariah pelatihan. Sedangkan sisanya sebanyak 26 orang peserta (86.7%) belum pernah mengikuti training. Nilai rata-rata hasil test kompetensi para peserta pasca training, umumnya mengalami kenaikan. Untuk kompetensi maqasid syariah, nilai rata-rata pre test adalah 6.67 poin mengalami kenaikan sebesar 60% atau rata-rata nilai post test adalah 16.50 poin. Nilai kompetensi Fatwa, Akad Simpanan dan Pembiayaan saat pre test adalah 16.17 poin mengalami kenaikan sebesar 43% atau menjadi 28.50 poin saat post test. Nilai kompetensi Mekanisme Operasional saat pre test adalah 11.50 poin mengalami kenaikan sebesar 55% atau menjadi 25.33 poin saat post test. Secara akumulasi dari ketiga kompetensi tersebut, nilai rata rata post test peserta adalah 72.5 poin dengan nilai terendah adalah 50 poin dan nilai tertinggi 95 poin.

scholarly journals Pengolahan Dan Pemasaran Online Produk Susu Kefir Di Desa Gunung Perak Kabupaten Sinjai

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Hadrianti H.D Lasari ◽  
Safaruddin Safaruddin ◽  
Ka’bah Ka’bah
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
The Village

The potential of this agribusiness can be found and developed in Gunung Perak Village. In the village fresh milk is produced which is then processed in the Sintari Dairy Cooperative, better known as Susin. Aiming at product innovation, the community service team conducted this Community Service Activity smoothly for five months. Participants in this activity generally work as teaching teachers, housewives and farmers. This activity is dominated by participants aged 18-45 years and 100% participants are female. This activity was also followed by PKK in Gunung Perak Village. Mc Nemar X2 test with a Significant value of 0.007 <0.05 so that there are differences in knowledge before and after exposure to material about Processing and Online Marketing of Kefir Dairy Products in Gunung Perak Village, West Sinjai District, Sinjai District. This activity, public knowledge increased by an average value difference of 1.88 with the addition of knowledge reaching 9.4%.

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