scholarly journals Optimizing the Formulation of Soyabean- Peanut Beverage of Chocolate-Flavored with Acceptable Rheological Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-983
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

This paper aims to evaluate the rheological properties for the preparation of chocolate flavored soybean-peanut beverage from the different combination of soybean, peanut and cocoa powder. A Box-Behnken design with three independent variables (soybean, peanuts and chocolate) and the dependent variables (acidity, brix and viscosity) produced 12 formulations. The optimized formulation determined from the data contained soy beans 40.76g/100g, peanuts 38.28g/100g and chocolate 5.66 g/100g. It was also observed that soy protein provides better result than soy flour and influence beverage characteristics.

scholarly journals Development and Optimization of Acriflavine-Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles Using Box–Behnken Design for Burn Wound Healing Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Touseef Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Barkat Ali Khan ◽  
Asif Nawaz ◽  
Talib Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Dependent Variables

Nanoparticles are used increasingly for the treatment of different disorders, including burn wounds of the skin, due to their important role in wound healing. In this study, acriflavine-loaded poly (ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles (ACR-PCL-NPs) were prepared using a double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. All the formulations were prepared and optimized by using a Box–Behnken design. Formulations were evaluated for the effect of independent variables, i.e., poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) amount (X1), stirring speed of external phase (X2), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration (X3), on the formulation-dependent variables (particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation efficiency) of ACR-PCL-NPs. The zeta potential, PDI, particle size, and encapsulation efficiency of optimized ACR-PCL-NPs were found to be −3.98 ± 1.58 mV, 0.270 ± 0.19, 469.2 ± 5.6 nm, and 71.9 ± 5.32%, respectively. The independent variables were found to be in excellent correlation with the dependent variables. The release of acriflavine from optimized ACR-PCL-NPs was in biphasic style with the initial burst release, followed by a slow release for up to 24 h of the in vitro study. Morphological studies of optimized ACR-PCL-NPs revealed the smooth surfaces and spherical shapes of the particles. Thermal and FTIR analyses revealed the drug–polymer compatibility of ACR-PCL-NPs. The drug-treated group showed significant re-epithelialization, as compared to the controlled group.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF DOXORUBICIN HCL PRONIOSOMES BY-DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
SRIKANTH ◽  
ANAND KUMAR Y. ◽  
MALLIKARJUNA SETTY C.
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

Objective: The present research work was designed to formulate and optimize doxorubicin HCl proniosomes by design of experiment (DoE). Methods: A 4-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design was used to explain multiple linear regression analysis and contour 3D plot responses. The independent variables selected were tween 20, cholesterol, hydration volume and sonication time; dependent variables percentage entrapment efficiency (PEE), mean vesicle size (MVS). Based on the Box-Behnken design 29 trial runs were studied and optimized for PEE and MVS. Further "Model F-Value" was calculated to confirm the omission of insignificant terms from the full-model equation to derive a multiple linear regression analysis to predict the PEE and MVS of niosomes derived from proniosomes. 3D plots were constructed to show the influence of independent variables on dependent variables. Results: PEE of doxorubicin HCl proniosomes was found to be in the range of 40.21-87.5%. The polynomial equation for PEE exhibited a good correlation coefficient (0.5524) and the "Model F-Value" of 7.41 implies the model is significant. P-values less than 0.0500 indicate model terms are significant. The MVS of doxorubicin HCl proniosomes was found to be in the range of 325.2 nm to 420.25 nm. The mathematical model generated for MVS (R2) was found to be significant with model F-value of 54.22. There is only a 0.01% chance that a "Model F-Value" this large could occur due to noise (P<0.0500) and R2 value of 0.9004. Conclusion: The DoE of Box-Behnken design demonstrated the role of the derived equation, 3D plot in predicting the values of dependent variables for the preparation and optimization of doxorubicin HCl proniosomes. The results suggest that doxorubicin HCl proniosomes can act as a promising carrier.

scholarly journals Optimisation method used for aluminium-based antacid preparation

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Bojan Pavlovic ◽  
Slobodanka Jovanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Prazic-Arsic ◽  
Milanka Vico-Stevanovic ◽  
Svetlana Trajkovic
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Stress Point ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this work was to optimize the rheological properties of AlPO4 suspension, the main ingredient of the antacid preparation - Alfogel. The exact rheological characterisation of the system is very important due to its stability and transportation through the pipe system into the reaction vessel. Box-Behnken design was used to estimate the effect of the concentrations of cations and the content of active pharmaceutical ingredient on the rheological properties of the system. The relationship between one or more response functions and a set of independent variables can be examined by using response surface methods, such as Box-Behnken designs. The concentration of Na+ and Mg2+ ions as well as the content of AIPO4, ranged from the optimum set of conditions to their minimum and maximum values. The viscosity, yield stress point and thixotropy of the colloidal system were used to assess the rheological properties of the AIPO4 suspension. The system was characterised using a second order polynomial mathematical model. The process was optimised and the proposed model was confirmed in laboratory scale experiments.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY FORMULATION STUDY OF LYCOPENE SELF-ASSEMBLE NANOPARTICLES VIA BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN IMPARTING AN EFFICIENT DRUG DELIVERY: STATISTICAL AND ILLUSTRATIVE APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 455-463
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Cumulative Release ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Chitosan Concentration ◽  
Dependent Variables

Lycopene, a structurally polyene conjugated antioxidant,is frequentlyutilized for the treatment of ailments induced by augmentedoxidative stress.Its colossal structure and poor water-solubilityfailed to show the requisite clinical outcomes. To overcome these drawbacks a formulation study introducing Lycopene as Chitosan-phosphatidylserineself-assembled nanoparticles (LNP)to correlatethe dependent and independent variables employing Box-Behnken design has been performed. LNP formulation was achieved byinjection technique, using chitosan’s intrinsic property of towards Phosphatidylserine for self-assembly. Independent variables, i.e., chitosan concentration (X1), Phosphatidylserine (X2), and injecting rate (X3) were correlatedagainst dependent variables (responses) nanoparticle size, cumulative release,and lycopene encapsulation. Prepared nanocrops were stable, under 300 nmparticle size, Zeta potential below +30 mV, close PDI to 0.3, and exhibited invitro 69-76% cumulative release. Overall, the formulation strategy was fruitful to develop a formulation in the future for efficient drug delivery.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERES OF VALSARTAN BY USING BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN

2019 ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
CHIMAN LAL ◽  
RAJEEV GARG ◽  
GHANSHYAM DAS GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Drug Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Carbopol 934P

Objective: The purpose of this study was to formulate and optimize mucoadhesive microspheres of antihypertensive drug (valsartan) within ethyl cellulose as a carrier polymer and carbopol 934P as a mucoadhesive polymer for controlling the release of valsartan. Methods: The emulsion solvent evaporation technique was used for preparation of microspheres of valsartan and the Box-Behnken design was employed with thee independent variables that is amount of ethyl cellulose (X1) and amount of carbopol 934P (X2) and stirring speed (X3) and evaluate four dependent variables such as percentage mucoadhesion, Q1 h, t90% and drug entrapment efficiency. Results: The optimum conditions were found to be X1= 200 mg, X2= 107 mg and X3= 1200rpm. The optimized batch exhibited a high drug entrapment efficiency of 85.63±1.384%, percentage mucoadhesion was 66.76±0.986% and drug release was also sustained for more than 12 h. Conclusion: The analysis of variance showed a significant effect of independent variables. The scaning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the microspheres were spherical and free-flowing. The microspheres of valsartan were stable after thee month stability study at accelerated condition.

ANALISA PENGARUH IKLIM ORGANISASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PT HUTAMA KARYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wardhana, MM.
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Correlational Approach ◽  
Survey Research Methods ◽  
The Relationship

This study entitled "Analysis of Effect of Climate Organization and Competence Againt Employee PT. Hutama Karya ". The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the relationship between the free variable that organizational climate (X1) and competence (X2) with the dependent variable is employee performance (Y), either partially or simultaneously, This study used survey research methods with the correlational approach and predictive, which aims for the relationship and influence between independent and dependent variables. The sampling technique can be done randomly (simple random sampling) of 852 employees, which is considered to resprentatif is 89 people. And to solve problems, to analyze and examine the relationship and influence between the independent variables on the dependent variable used models kausalistik through regression analysis with SPSS 14.0

PENGARUH PERSONAL BACKGROUND, POLITICAL BACKGROUND DAN PENGEATAHUAN DEWAN TENTANG ANGGARAN TERHADAP PERAN DPRD DALAM PENGAWASAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesi Mutia Basri ◽  
Rosliana Rosliana
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Activity Dependent

This research aim to examine the influence of personal background, political background, and council budget knowledge towards the role of DPRD on region financial control. This research is motivated by the fact that individual background will effect to individual behavior on political activity. Dependent variables in this research are personal background, political background, and council budges knowledge towards the role of DPRD on region financial control Independent variables are the role of DPRD on region financial control in planning, implementing, and responsibility steps. The data in this research consist of primary data that taken from questionnaires distributed directly to respondents. The collected are from 34 Respondents that members of DPRD at Pekanbaru. Hypothesis of this research are examine by using Multivariate Analysis of Variances (MANOVA). The result of this research HI personal background political background and budget knowledge have significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in planning steps.H2 personal background, politico I background and budget knowledge have no significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in Implementing steps. H3 personal background political background and budget knowledge have no significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in Controlling steps.

scholarly journals Weight Feedback-Based Harmonic MDG-Ensemble Model for Prediction of Traffic Accident Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5072
Author(s):  
Byung-Kook Koo ◽  
Ji-Won Baek ◽  
Kyung-Yong Chung
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Weighted Voting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Harmonic Average ◽  
Bagging Method

Traffic accidents are emerging as a serious social problem in modern society but if the severity of an accident is quickly grasped, countermeasures can be organized efficiently. To solve this problem, the method proposed in this paper derives the MDG (Mean Decrease Gini) coefficient between variables to assess the severity of traffic accidents. Single models are designed to use coefficient, independent variables to determine and predict accident severity. The generated single models are fused using a weighted-voting-based bagging method ensemble to consider various characteristics and avoid overfitting. The variables used for predicting accidents are classified as dependent or independent and the variables that affect the severity of traffic accidents are predicted using the characteristics of causal relationships. Independent variables are classified as categorical and numerical variables. For this reason, a problem arises when the variation among dependent variables is imbalanced. Therefore, a harmonic average is applied to the weights to maintain the variables’ balance and determine the average rate of change. Through this, it is possible to establish objective criteria for determining the severity of traffic accidents, thereby improving reliability.

scholarly journals A Student’s Guide to the Classification and Operationalization of Variables in the Conceptualization and Design of a Clinical Study: Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Know How ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Students without prior research experience may not know how to conceptualize and design a study. This article explains how an understanding of the classification and operationalization of variables is the key to the process. Variables describe aspects of the sample that is under study; they are so called because they vary in value from subject to subject in the sample. Variables may be independent or dependent. Independent variables influence the value of other variables; dependent variables are influenced in value by other variables. A hypothesis states an expected relationship between variables. A significant relationship between an independent and dependent variable does not prove cause and effect; the relationship may partly or wholly be explained by one or more confounding variables. Variables need to be operationalized; that is, defined in a way that permits their accurate measurement. These and other concepts are explained with the help of clinically relevant examples.

scholarly journals The Effect of Older Adults’ Volunteering on Relational Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 408-408
Author(s):  
Meeryoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Overall Life Satisfaction

Abstract Longevity is increasing in what is called the centenarian society. However, the average retirement age of Korea is the lowest among OECD countries. Because of increasing longevity, older adults need activities after retirement. Volunteering can be a substitute that allows Korean older adults to find a social identity. This study examined older adults’ volunteering and how many kinds of volunteering affected relational satisfaction differently. This study used the 6th additional wave of the Korean Retirement and Income Study (2016). The target population of this study was ages over 60 and the sample size was 280. For data analysis, multiple regressions were used. Demographic variables were controlled. As for independent variables, reasons for volunteering whether they were motivated for self or for others were used. For dependent variables, relational satisfaction, such as family, human relation and overall life satisfaction was used. Volunteers’ health is an important factor for relational satisfaction. If volunteering was self-motivated, satisfaction of both family and human relations were negatively affected. Reason for others also affected satisfaction of family and human relations negatively. Volunteering initiated by others increased satisfaction of family and human relations. Doing more than one kind of volunteering affected both satisfaction of family and human relations. For overall life satisfaction, the effect of volunteering for oneself was lower than other reasons. These findings implied that reasons for volunteering affected relational satisfaction differently. In addition, the activities of volunteering, such as taking part in one or more had different effects.

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