scholarly journals Methods to Improve the Spray Characteristics of n-Butanol by Visualization of Spray in a Port Injector

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4947-4951
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Flame Velocity ◽  
High Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Si Engines

Generally, fossil fuels are non-renewable and depleting day by day. The usage of renewable fuels reduces global warming. Alcohols are renewable in nature and used in SI engines due to their good combustion properties like antiknock and flame velocity. Ethanol, methanol, and butanol are commonly used alcohols. Ethanol is widely used in countries, where it is abundant. Butanol is gaining more attention due to its combustion properties being similar to gasoline and its corrosion less behavior when compared to ethanol. Butanol injection in the intake port through port injectors will form a plume, which leads to high emission. The high viscosity of butanol is the reason behind such plume which is the major cause of poor vaporization, less fuel efficiency, and high hydrocarbon emissions. Methods like heating of butanol to high temperatures, increasing the injection pressure and blending of butanol with less viscous fuels like gasoline and ethanol can be accomplished to obtain a better fuel spray. This particular work reveals the visualization of the spray of butanol with different fuel temperatures, injection pressure and the blending of butanol with gasoline and ethanol. Further, it can be a knowledge base for utilizing renewable butanol effectively in automotive engines for achieving low emission and high fuel efficiency.

Taguchi Based Optimization of Engine Parameters Using Nanocatalyst with Blends of Biodiesel

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ganesan ◽  
S. Mahalingam ◽  
Krishna Eluri Vamsi ◽  
A. Balaji
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Good Agreement

Diesel is a primary source of fuel consumed around the globe. Diesel, being a fossil fuel is expected to get over by 2050. Diesel operated vehicles normally emits high level of poisonous gases like NOx, CO2, HC etc. During the various researches, it was being found that vegetable oils exhibit the properties closer to diesel. Few changes in the properties of vegetable oils have resulted in efficient results and allowed us to replace diesel. The present work investigates the emission of diesel engine at various parameters, when lemongrass oil is blended with diesel in various proportions at different levels of injection pressure. The diesel engine was tested on load condition of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Whereas ,injection pressure is varied from 200 to 220 bar at an interval of 20 bar with 10BD, 20BD and 30BD blends of biodiesel. Very small amount of nanocatalytic substance (MgO) is being used i.e. 15ppm, 30ppm and 45ppm to enhance the combustion properties of bio-fuel. The results Shows reduction in NOX HC and CO without sacrificing fuel efficiency. These confirmation results proves that good agreement of predicted values.

scholarly journals Performance and Emission Characteristics of Chlorella Algae Methyl Ester Fuelled Diesel Engine with Varying Injection Pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1710-1719 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Variable Compression Ratio Engine ◽  
Chlorella Algae

In the present scenario when the world is facing severe problem related to continuous decrease in the level of fossil fuels and increasing level of green house gases due to their uses in industries and automobiles, there is a high demand from all technologists and environmentalists to find and develop some alternative fuel especially manufactured from biomass like chlorella algae due to its presence in abundance. The mentioned algae is readily available and is being used as a dietary source in many countries especially in Japan due to its rich protein lipids and starch content and highly suitable for extraction of oil that can be used as an alternative to the existing fossil fuel diesel. The blend of B20 chlorella algae methyl ester or biodiesel is tested for its suitability with respect to its combustion performance and emissions characteristics in a variable compression ratio engine at 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar injection pressures. The performance data obtained are compared and analyzed for optimum performance with reference to mechanical, combustion properties and emissions of exhaust gases and a comparison is made with the properties obtained for pure diesel in similar conditions

scholarly journals Optimization of Fuel Injection Parameters of Moringa oleifera Biodiesel-Diesel Blend for Engine-Out-Responses Improvements

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Yew Heng Teoh ◽  
Heoy Geok How ◽  
Farooq Sher ◽  
Thanh Danh Le ◽  
Hwai Chyuan Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Rsm Optimization

Biodiesel has gained popularity in diesel engines as a result of the rapid decline of fossil fuels and population growth. The processing of biodiesel from non-edible Moringa Oleifera was investigated using a single-step transesterification technique. Both fuels had their key physicochemical properties measured and investigated. In a common-rail diesel engine, the effects of MB50 fuel blend on the symmetric characteristics of engine-out responses were evaluated under five load settings and at 1000 rpm. As compared to standard diesel, MB50 increased brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions while lowering brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and smoke emissions for all engine loads. A further study of injection pressure and start of injection (SOI) timing for MB50 fuel was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM optimization resulted in improved combustion dynamics due to symmetry operating parameters, resulting in a simultaneous decrease in NOx and smoke emissions without sacrificing BTE. RSM is an efficient optimization method for achieving optimal fuel injection parameter settings, as can be deduced. As a result, a clearer understanding of the use of MB50 fuel in diesel engines can be given, allowing for the best possible engine efficiency.

scholarly journals Numerical Approach for the Assessment of Micro-Textured Walls Effects on Rubber Injection Moulding

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
María García-Camprubí ◽  
Carmen Alfaro-Isac ◽  
Belén Hernández-Gascón ◽  
José Ramón Valdés ◽  
Salvador Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Flow Perturbation ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Ring Seal ◽  
Elastomeric Seals

Micro-surface texturing of elastomeric seals is a validated method to improve the friction and wear characteristics of the seals. In this study, the injection process of high-viscosity elastomeric materials in moulds with wall microprotusions is evaluated. To this end, a novel CFD methodology is developed and implemented in OpenFOAM to address rubber flow behaviour at both microscale and macroscale. The first approach allows analyzing the flow perturbation induced by a particular surface texture and generate results to calculate an equivalent wall shear stress that is introduced into the macroscale case through reduced order modelling. The methodology is applied to simulate rubber injection in textured moulds in an academic case (straight pipe) and a real case (D-ring seal mould). In both cases, it is shown that textured walls do not increase the injection pressure and therefore the manufacturing process is not adversely affected.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL REVIEW OF DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR CAR GEARBOXES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Владимир Кучкаров ◽  
Vladimir Kuchkarov ◽  
Дмитрий Демидов ◽  
Dmitriy Demidov
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Design Development ◽  
High Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Absence Of Power

The paper reports the review in the development of motor car gearbox design. The main task consists in the detection of the reasons for changes in gearbox design for the definition of the field for gearbox substantiated application in motor car design. In the main part the advantages and shortcomings of manual, automated, infinitely variable and automatic gearboxes are under consideration. There are shown and analyzed functional diagrams of gearbox designs considered. In the conclusion it is pointed out that the most promising design of a gearbox is a robot gearbox with two clutches allowing the assurance of the absence of power flow break; the smoothness of gear shifts and smoothness of motion; comfort of control; high fuel efficiency; high tractiondynamic characteristics.

scholarly journals A review on bioenergy and biofuels: sources and their production

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubaid Rasool ◽  
S. Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources ◽  
Direct Use

Bioenergy refers to renewable energy produced from biomass. Biomass is any organic material which has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Depleting fossil fuel reserves and growing demand for energy has necessitated the renewed search for alternative energy resources such as plants. Biofuels are an alternative to fossil fuels, which are liquid or gaseous fuels that are derived from biomass sources. Biofuels can be used alone or in combination with other fossil fuels such as petrol. Biofuels are classified into first, second and third generation biofuels. In this review paper, emphasis on the production of biodiesel and bioethanol and how to modify the methods that involve their formation has been carried out. Biodiesel and bioethanol come under first generation biofuels. The first generation biofuels are produced from starch and sugars (bioethanol) and from seed oils (biodiesel). The direct use of vegetable oils and non-edible oils can prove harmful for the diesel engines due to their high viscosity, high density and various other problems that are related to them. So there is a need of converting these sources into biodiesel so that it can be used as a replacement for petroleum based diesel. Another important biofuel, referred to as bioethanol has gained a lot of importance. This review article deals with the conversion of non-edible oils to biodiesel or by modifying the process of transesterification as well as the conversion of sugars to bioethanol by genetic modification of yeast cells and by changing the substrates required for ethanol production by yeast.

Diesel engine performance at the intake of the hydrogen&air mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
The Difference

The prospects of using hydrogen as a motor fuel are noted. The problems that arise when converting a diesel engine to run on hydrogen are considered. The features of the organization of the working process of enginesrunning on hydrogen are analyzed. A method of supplying a hydrogenair mixture to a diesel engine is investigated. To supply hydrogen to the engine cylinders, it is proposed to use the Leader4M installation developed by TechnoHill Club LLC (Moscow). Experimental studies of a stationary diesel engine of the D245.12 S type with the supply of hydrogen at the inlet obtained at this installation are carried out. At the maximum power mode, the supply of hydrogen from this installation to the inlet of the diesel engine under study was 0.9 % by weight (taking into account the difference in the calorific value of oil diesel fuel and hydrogen). Such a supply of hydrogen in the specified mode made it possible to increase the fuel efficiency of the diesel engine and reduce the smoke content of exhaust gases, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. Keywords internal combustion engines; diesel engine; diesel fuel; hydrogen; hydrogenair mixture; fuel efficiency; exhaust gas toxicity indicators

Is High Viscosity a Requirement for Fracturing Fluids?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Busteed ◽  
Jesus Arroyo ◽  
Francisco Morales ◽  
Mohammed Omer ◽  
Francisco E. Fragachan
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Field Case ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Fracture Closure

Abstract Uniformly distributing proppant inside fractures with low damage on fracture conductivity is the most important index of successful fracturing fluids. However, due to very low proppant suspension capacity of slickwater and friction reducers fracturing fluids and longer fracture closure time in nano & pico darcies formations, proppants settles quickly and accumulates near wellbore resulting in worse-than-expected well performance, as the fracture full capacity is not open and contributing to production. Traditionally, cross-linked polymer fluid systems are capable to suspend and transport high loading of proppants into a hydraulically generated fracture. Nevertheless, amount of unbroken cross-linked polymers is usually left in fractures causing damage to fracture proppant conductivity, depending on polymer loading. To mitigate these challenges, a low viscosity-engineered-fluid with excellent proppantcarrying capacity and suspension-in excess of 30 hours at static formation temperature conditions - has been designed, enhancing proppant placement and distribution within developed fractures, with a 98% plus retained conductivity. In this work experimental and numerical tests are presented together with the path followed in developing a network of packed structures from polymer associations providing low viscosity and maximum proppant suspension. Challenges encountered during field injection with friction are discussed together with the problem understanding characterized via extensive friction loop tests. Suspension tests performed with up to 8-10 PPA of proppant concentration at temperature conditions are shared, together with slot tests performed. Physics-based model results from a 3D Discrete Fracture Network simulator that computes viscosity, and elastic parameters based on shear rate, allows to estimate pressure losses along the flow path from surface lines, tubular goods, perforations, and fracture. This work will demonstrate the advanced capabilities and performance of the engineered fluid over conventional fracturing fluids and its benefits. Additionally, this paper will present field injection pressure analysis performed during the development of this fluid, together with a field case including production results after 8 months of treatment. The field case production decline observed after fracture treatment demonstrates the value of this system in sustaining well production and adding additional reserves.

Field Implementation of In-Depth Conformance Gel Treatment Prior to Starting an ASP Flooding Pilot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed T. Al-Murayri ◽  
Abrahim Hassan ◽  
Naser Alajmi ◽  
Jimmy Nesbit ◽  
Bastien Thery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Well Pattern ◽  
Gel Treatment ◽  
Viscosity Polymer

Abstract Mature carbonate reservoirs under waterflood in Kuwait suffer from relatively low oil recovery due to poor volumetric sweep efficiency, both areal, vertically, and microscopically. An Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) pilot using a regular five-spot well pattern is in progress targeting the Sabriyah Mauddud (SAMA) reservoir in pursuit of reserves growth and production sustainability. SAMA suffers from reservoir heterogeneities mainly associated with permeability contrast which may be improved with a conformance treatment to de-risk pre-mature breakthrough of water and chemical EOR agents in preparation for subsequent ASP injection and to improve reservoir contact by the injected fluids. Each of the four injection wells in the SAMA ASP pilot was treated with a chemical conformance improvement formulation. A high viscosity polymer solution (HVPS) of 200 cP was injected prior to a gelant formulation consisting of P300 polymer and X1050 crosslinker. After a shut-in period, wells were then returned to water injection. Injection of high viscosity polymer solution (HVPS) at the four injection wells showed no increase in injection pressure and occurred higher than expected injection rates. Early breakthrough of polymer was observed at SA-0561 production well from three of the four injection wells. No appreciable change in oil cut was observed. HVPS did not improve volumetric sweep efficiency based on the injection and production data. Gel treatment to improve the volumetric conformance of the four injection wells resulted in all the injection wells showing increased of injection pressure from approximately 3000 psi to 3600 psi while injecting at a constant rate of approximately 2,000 bb/day/well. Injection profiles from each of the injection well ILTs showed increased injection into lower-capacity zones and decreased injection into high-capacity zones. Inter-well tracer testing showed delayed tracer breakthrough at the center SA-0561 production well from each of the four injection wells after gel placement. SA-0561 produced average daily produced temperature increased from approximately 40°C to over 50°C. SA-0561 oil cuts increased up to almost 12% from negligible oil sheen prior to gel treatments. Gel treatment improved volumetric sweep efficiency in the SAMA SAP pilot area.

Investigations on Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine With Crude Jatropha Oil as an Alternate Fuel

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. S. Murali Krishna ◽  
C. M. Vara Prasad ◽  
Tandur Rajashekar ◽  
Supriya Tiwari ◽  
T. Sujani
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Heat Rejection ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Operation

Jatropha oil, a non-edible vegetable oil shows a greater potential for replacing conventional diesel fuel quite effectively, as its properties are compatible to that of diesel fuel. But low volatility and high viscosity of jatropha oil call for hot combustion chamber, which is provided by a low heat rejection diesel engine with threaded air gap piston and liner with superni-90 inserts. The performance of the engine with jatropha oil is obtained with different versions of the engine such as conventional engine and insulated engine at normal and preheat condition of the oil, with varying injection pressure and timing and compared to the engine with pure diesel operation at recommended injection pressure and timing. Increase of thermal efficiency of 18% and reduction of NOx levels by 5% are observed at optimized injection timing and at higher injection pressure with insulated engine at preheat condition of jatropha oil in comparison with pure diesel operation on conventional engine.

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