INDICATORS OF PRE-COMPETITIVE WEIGHT REDUCTION BY KYOKUSHIN ATHLETES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Konstantin Belyi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
And Gender

The aim of the research is to identify the quantitative characteristics of weight reduction by Kyokushin athletes, as well as the analysis of the following indicators: 1) the number and percentage of athletes with experience in reducing weight prior to major competitions; 2) the absolute magnitude and percentage of weight loss by athletes in Kyokushin; 3) dependence of these characteristics of weight reduction on the weight categories and gender of athletes. Research methods and organization. The research analyzes the anonymous survey (questionnaire) of participants of the largest official All-Russian Kyokushin competitions 2019. We obtained, statistically processed and analyzed the following quantitative characteristics of weight reduction: 1) for adult athletes – prior to the All-Russian trials for the World competition (Moscow, May 1-2, 2019, elite athletes); 2) for young athletes – prior to the All-Russian competitions in the framework of the 12th All-Russian Junior Martial Arts Games (Anapa, September 12-15, 2019, highly qualified athletes aged 12-17). Research results and discussion. The research revealed that the quantitative characteristics of weight reduction by kyokushin athletes prior to competitions significantly differ from data on other (primarily Olympic) sports; the practice of weight loss is less common. Characteristics of adult athletes are as follows: 1) weight loss is associated more with weight adjustment, and not with the change of the weight category; 2) men reduce their weight prior to competitions more intensively than women; 3) in the “lower” weight categories, the percentage of athletes with experience in reducing weight is almost 2 times higher among men and 1.5 times among women. Characteristics of young athletes are as follows: 1) weight loss is 5kg maximum; 2) a large percentage of male and female athletes reduce weight by less than 3%; 3) there is a significant correlation between the number of participants in the category and the athletes with experience in reducing weight. Conclusion. Weight reduction by a kyokushin athlete prior to competitions can be considered as the training reserve for competitive kyokushin activity, which is currently underutilized.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SELF-ESTEEM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY OF QUALIFIED TAEKWONDO ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Romoldanova Iryna ◽  
Vysochina Nadiia
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

Introduction. The article discusses the features of self-esteem in taekwondo athletes of various skill levels and gender. The important role of diagnostics of the level of self-esteem of taekwondo athletes in the process of purposeful preparation of athletes for international competitions is pointed out. The interrelation of self-esteem with the effectiveness of competitive activity of qualified taekwondo athletes is shown.Aim is to study the level of self-esteem of taekwondo athletes of various qualifications and to establish its relationship with the effectiveness of training and competitive activity of athletes.Material and methods: analysis of literary sources and Internet, expert survey, pedagogical observation,methods of psychodiagnostics, methods of mathematical statistics.Results. It was found that more experienced taekwondo athletes who train in the second and more Olympic four-year cycle have a higher level of self-esteem in comparison with young athletes who are preparing for the Olympic Games for the first time. The lowest level of self-esteem (63.10 ± 11.34, p<0.05) was observed in young athletes who are preparing for the first time for responsible international competitions.Experienced male and female athletes had approximately the same high level of self-esteem manifestation (p> 0.05). Statistically significant correlations between the level of self-assessment of taekwondo athletes and the effectiveness of their competitive activity were established. Athletes with a higher level of self-esteem were distinguished by higher rates of impact efficiency (%) during performance in real competition conditions. Conclusion. The importance of research and further correction of the level of self-esteem of taekwondo athletes in the process of training athletes in the framework of four-year Olympic cycles is emphasized.

scholarly journals Analysis of Different Key Behavioral Patterns to Score in Elite Taekwondoists According to the Weight Category and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Menescardi ◽  
Coral Falcó ◽  
Antonio Hernández-Mendo ◽  
Verónica Morales-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Polar Coordinate ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Weight Groups

Traditionally, research in taekwondo has focused on athletes' overall performance considering the entire sample of the tournament or analyzed selected bouts while ignoring behavioral differences of athletes according to their gender and weight category. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the behavioral patterns used to score points in the London Olympic Games according to gender and weight category [fin (FW), feather (FTW), light (LW), and heavy (HW)] of the athletes. A total of 24,940 actions were analyzed by using observational methodology, a mixed method methodology where lag sequential and polar coordinate analysis were applied. Different patterns could be seen in the actions performed prior to score between the weight categories for both genders. To score one point, females FW performed dodges, LW used indirect attacks and HW used direct attacks, posterior counterattacks, dodges and blocks. After scoring one-point, female athletes used a variety of actions, defensives like dodges (FW/LW) and blocks (LW), and offensives like simultaneous counterattacks (FW, FTW, LW) and posterior (FTW) as well as direct (FTW, HW) and indirect (FW) attacks. No patterns were found in males when scoring one-point, only LW competitors performed a sequence characterized by the performance of dodges followed by indirect attacks prior scoring while simultaneous counterattacks occurred after score one point. To score two points, similar patterns were found for all weight groups among female competitors. Females performed openings prior to scoring (LW/HW), while anticipatory (FW/FTW) and posterior counterattacks (LW) occurred after scoring, followed by cuts (FW), direct attacks (LW) and openings (HW). In males, FTW and HW used counterattacks prior to scoring (posterior and simultaneous), while FTW and LW also used counterattacks after scoring (anticipatory and simultaneous). Prior to scoring three points different patterns were found according to the weight category, while FW females used cuts and openings, LW used dodges and posterior counterattacks. After scoring three points, FW continued to use cuts, openings and posterior counterattacks while FTW used indirect attacks and HW used simultaneous counterattacks. On the contrary, similar behavior was found in males. FW and LWs used simultaneous counterattacks prior to scoring while they used defensive actions such as openings (FW) and dodges (LW) after scoring. Male FTW used also posterior counterattacks after scoring. Prior to scoring four points females reported different key behaviors. FW used anticipatory counterattacks and LW direct attacks whereas after scoring, FTW used dodges and openings. Similarities were found in males to score four points. LW and HW performed blocks prior scoring, FW and HW performed also direct attacks while FTW performed posterior counterattacks prior score. After scoring, defensives actions were performed such as dodges (LW) or cuts (FW, FTW, HW) and indirect attacks (LW, HW). This is one of the first studies analyzing behavioral patterns in taekwondo according to the weight category and gender of the athletes. The observed relationships identified different behavioral patterns according to the weight category for each gender and demonstrate the necessity to individualize trainings according to the athlete's characteristics (weight and gender). It is suggested that coaches and psychologists train athletes to improve their decision-making according to the successful patterns extracted in this study.

scholarly journals Liars, Cheaters, and Short-Haired Girls: Gender Identity Denial of Young Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Julie Minikel-Lacocque
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Gender-based discrimination in sport is omnipresent and manifests in various forms, including unequal pay, disparate access to facilities, and imbalanced media exposure. This discrimination also extends to those female athletes who do not meet stereotypical notions of how females should look and how they should move on the sporting field. Four gender nonconforming youth athletes who have faced gender and gender-identity discrimination in sport were recruited for this study, as well as their families and two of their coaches. A qualitative case study was conducted and data from in-depth interviews with each participant, one focus group with the young athletes, and observational field notes are analyzed. Through the lens of Critical Feminist Theory, this study examines the gender and gender-identity discrimination these young athletes have endured, the perpetrators of which are adults charged with organizing and regulating youth sport. The study finds that these athletes are repeatedly accused of lying about their identities, that they are often subjected to gender identity denial, and that their bodies are routinely policed and objectified. Implications for institutions of higher education, sport management, coaches, referees, and fans are discussed and include targeted education on nuanced understandings of gender, sex, misgendering, and gender identity denial. This study also calls for sport to believe youth athletes regarding their identities as well as for a re-examination of the gendered structure of youth sport.

scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES AND AGGRESSION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YOUNG AND ADULT ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Alia Khan ◽  
Habib Ullah ◽  
Sundus Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male Athlete ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

This comparative study was adopted to compare the level of the aggression among young and adult athletes and gender differences in aggression. The subjects were N=120 (Male=66 & Female 54) athletes from the different colleges, universities and sports clubs in Faisalabad, the age range of young athletes 12 to 18 years and adult athletes age between 20 to 30 years part of the sample. Buss & Perry Aggression scale was used to measure aggression and reliability of scale (Cornbrash’s Alpha = 0.814). Results of multivariate analysis of the varia (Independent T-Test) T=9.02 p<0.03 Percent shows the difference between young and adults’ athletes’ aggressive behavior, Male athlete score high on the aggression scale rather than female. There is the significant aggression difference between male and female athletes in sports. Male athletes are more aggressive as compare female athletes (T=9.86, P<0.02) in aggression.

Do the Natural Chemical Compounds Interact with the Same Targets of Current Pharmacotherapy for Weight Management?-A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Luo ◽  
George Binh Lenon ◽  
Harsharn Gill ◽  
Heidi Yuen ◽  
Angela Wei Hong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Ppar Γ

Background: Obesity has become a worldwide health concern. Pharmacotherapies are now being introduced because lifestyle modifications alone are insufficient for weight management. The treatment outcomes of current approved anti-obesity agents are not satisfying due to drug-related intolerances. And so natural therapies including herbal medicines are popular alternatives for weight reduction; however, there are limited studies about their mechanism of actions. Methods: Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Proquest) were searched to investigate the targets and safety profiles of the current and past anti-obesity drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as well as the commonly used off-label agents. The targets for weight-loss natural products and their principle bioactive components have also been searched. Only articles in English were included. Results: The targets for current anti-obesity single agents include pancreatic lipase, Glucagon Like Peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor, and serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor. Potential targets such as amylin, pancreatic alpha amylase, leptin receptor, melanocortin receptor 4 receptor (MC4R), Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptors gamma (PPAR γ), endocannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor and Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) were discussed in various studies. Natural compounds have been found to interact with targets like pancreatic lipase, pancreatic alpha amylase, AMPK and PPAR γ to achieve weight reduction. Conclusion: Current pharmacotherapies and natural chemical compounds do act on same targets. Further investigations on the interactions between herbal compounds and the above targets are essential for the development of novel weight-loss therapies.

Fragmenting Feminine-Athletic Identities: Identity Turning Points During Girls’ Transition into High School

2021 ◽  
pp. 216747952110129
Author(s):  
Alaina C. Zanin ◽  
Laura V. Martinez ◽  
Lucy C. Niess
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Athletic Identity ◽  
Communication Theory Of Identity ◽  
And Gender

This study employed a turning point analysis to document events that influence the development of athletic identities in female athletes transitioning into high school. All participants ( N = 28), between the ages of 14–15 years old, belonged to a competitive club soccer team located in the southwestern United States. Through an analysis of pre- and post-season interviews and bi-weekly video journal entries, data revealed several fragmenting turning point events related to participants’ athletic identity development. These fragmenting turning points paired with the communication theory of identity (CTI) framework highlighted three identity gaps: (a) athletic-relational, (b) athletic-communal, and (c) athletic-enacted. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed regarding turning points in relation to athletic identity development and gender disparities in sport participation.

Weight Loss Attempts and Attitudes toward Body Size, Eating, and Physical Activity in American Indian Children: Relationship to Weight Status and Gender

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Story ◽  
June Stevens ◽  
Marguerite Evans ◽  
Carol E. Cornell ◽  
Juhaeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Size ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
And Gender

Influence of environmental factors on the psychoemotional state of young athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrovna Potapova ◽  
Elena Viktorovna Scherba ◽  
Dmitriy Alekseevich Zemlyanoy ◽  
Viktoriya Valerievna Danilova ◽  
Viktor Gennadievich Puzyrev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Reactive Anxiety ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
High Level

Sport activity are associated with significant physical and psychological stress and determine the relevance of monitoring the conditions for sports, studying the health of athletes and their regime. The purpose of the study: to study the sanitary and hygienic conditions in sports schools, the features of the daily routine and lifestyle of young athletes and their psycho-emotional state. Materials and methods. The analysis includes data from a study of 70 girls aged 13–15 who are engaged in rhythmic gymnastics. We used methods of sanitary and hygienic research, questionnaires, methods for identifying the level of situational and personal anxiety (Spielberger C. D.) and competitive anxiety (R. Martens), a questionnaire for studying one’s own reaction to stressful events (Greenberg). Results. The number of violations of sanitary and hygienic requirements for the conditions of sports activities have been identified. The most common violations of the day-lack of sleep and stay in the fresh air, a high amount of training load. Moderate personal anxiety was detected in 76 % of athletes, 7 % of respondents — low anxiety, 17 % — high personal anxiety. A high level of reactive anxiety was detected in 24 % of female athletes, and high-level sports anxiety was observed in 25 % of those surveyed. The relationship between the severity of violations of hygiene standards and the level of manifestation of personal and reactive anxiety was Revealed. The age dynamics for all diagnosed types of anxiety was revealed: higher rates of anxiety were observed in the age group of 13 years compared to 14 and 15-year-old athletes. Conclusion. The results of the study showed the need for dynamic monitoring of the state of health, including psycho-emotional state of athletes, allocation of athletes with pronounced errors in the regime to observation groups, carrying out preventive measures to explain the importance of compliance with hygiene rules and monitoring and assistance in their implementation in the lifestyle of young athletes.

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