scholarly journals Comparative competitive strategy

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Ramaz Otinashvili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Strategy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Universal Model ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Business Objects ◽  
Key Aspects

The Comparative competitive strategy of a business depends on the introduction of modern management practices. According to competitive strategy, business objects can be classified as market leaders, challengers, followers, and objects, with own market niches. The key aspects of their competition are analyzed as well. It is noted that the competition strategies are difficult to implement and require a considerable amount of resources. Considering the examples of successful companies around the world, there is no universal model of competitive strategy for a particular business. Each firm must individually select the strategy that suits it, based on its goals, challenges, and opportunities.

scholarly journals Japanese management techniques: hidden lessons for educational administrators

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
B. P. Mordedzi
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Industrial Country ◽  
Japanese Management ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Informal Controls ◽  
Educational Administrators ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Key Aspects

Japan, a leading industrial country in the world, has adopted management techniques that are quite different from those of other countries in the world. These management practices include secure and lifetime employment for workers, consensus and participatory decision-making, group harmony, and group action. Others are relatively slow evaluation and promotion, more informal controls and less formalized measures, broader and non specialized career paths, and greater concern for workers. This paper discusses key aspects of Japanese managerial practices. To achieve "productivity through people, " educational administrators should adopt plausible aspects of Japanese management techniques in their work settings.

scholarly journals An Indigenous-led Community Challenge to Fisheries Management in New Zealand: the Revival of Regional Scale Management Practices?

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele L.H. Whyte ◽  
James J. Bell ◽  
Kristina M. Ramstad ◽  
Jonathan P. A. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Sustainable Exploitation ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Exploitation

Marine, coastal and freshwater fisheries are culturally, ecologically, recreationally and economically important in New Zealand (NZ) and across the world. Over-exploitation of stocks has resulted in declining catches, particularly in the last 50 years, which has signalled the need for strategies to protect these valuable resources, while allowing sustainable exploitation (Pauly 1995; Jackson et. al. 2001; Myers and Worm 2003; Hutchings and Reynolds 2004; Hilborn 2006, 2007). This article outlines an ambitious and novel community-led approach to engage regional stakeholders in local fisheries management, initiated and led by Ng�ti Kahungunu (a M�ori iwi or tribal grouping) in NZ. This initiative is a significant move away from today?s highly centralised national form of fisheries management, and is a step towards a regional form of management that is led by the community for the benefit of the community (e.g., Govan et al. 2006). As such, this proposal represents a challenge to modern management practices, but more importantly it may represent the future for the sustainable utilization of fisheries resources.

KEY ASPECTS OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE STATE AUTHORITIES IN THE WORLD AND TO THE MODERN SOVERUM UKRAINE: A JOINT AND PERSONALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
Оlena Fedorіvna Caracasidi
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Human Life ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Key Aspects

The article deals with the fundamental, inherent in most of the countries of the world transformation of state power, its formation, functioning and division between the main branches as a result of the decentralization of such power, its subsidiarity. Attention is drawn to the specifics of state power, its func- tional features in the conditions of sovereignty of the states, their interconnec- tion. It is emphasized that the nature of the state power is connected with the nature of the political system of the state, with the form of government and many other aspects of a fundamental nature.It is analyzed that in the middle of national states the questions of legitima- cy, sovereignty of transparency of state power, its formation are acutely raised. Concerning the practical functioning of state power, a deeper study now needs a problem of separation of powers and the distribution of power. The use of this principle, which ensures the real subsidiarity of the authorities, the formation of more effective, responsible democratic relations between state power and civil society, is the first priority of the transformation of state power in the conditions of modern transformations of countries and societies. It is substantiated that the research of these problems will open up much wider opportunities for the provi- sion of state power not as a center authority, but also as a leading political structure but as a power of the people and the community. In the context of global democratization processes, such processes are crucial for a more humanistic and civilized arrangement of human life. It is noted that local self-government, as a specific form of public power, is also characterized by an expressive feature of a special subject of power (territorial community) as a set of large numbers of people; joint communal property; tax system, etc.

Experimental Measurement of Turbulent Diffusion, Initial Dilution and T90

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Edmundo Garcia Agudo ◽  
Jose Leomax dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Initial Dilution ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Actual Solution ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Bacterial Concentrations

The final disposal of sewage using submarine outfalls has become an actual solution for coastal cities all over the world. In order to get the best results it is necessary to carry out specific studies for the proper design of the outfall. Dilution and decrease in bacterial concentrations are two key aspects for the design. Radioisotope tracers have been used extensively in studies performed in some Brazilian waterbodies where outfall systems exist or are to be installed. As far as dilution measurement is concerned, both point and continuous radiotracer injections can provide useful results. The T90 measurements can be better accomplished using a combined tracer technique for sampling the sewage field, using the radiotracer for dilution measurement and rhodamine B as a visual aid. Typical results of dilution measurement using both techniques mentioned, as well as a summary of T 90 results obtained for the Santos, Fortaleza and Maceió outfalls are presented.

Remaking Retirement

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Interest Rates ◽  
Key Aspects

Around the world, people nearing and entering retirement are holding ever-greater levels of debt than in the past. This is not a benign situation, as many pre-retirees and retirees are stressed about their indebtedness. Moreover, this growth in debt among the older population may render retirees vulnerable to financial shocks, medical care bills, and changes in interest rates. Contributors to this volume explore key aspects of the rise in debt across older cohorts, drill down into the types of debt and reasons for debt incurred by the older population, and review policies to remedy some of the financial problems facing older persons, in the United States and elsewhere. The authors explore which groups are most affected by debt, and they also identify the factors causing this important increase in leverage at older ages. It is clear that the economic and market environments are influential when it comes to saving and debt. Access to easy borrowing, low interest rates, and the rising cost of education have had important impacts on how much people borrow, and how much debt they carry at older ages. In this environment, the capacity to manage debt is ever more important as older workers lack the opportunity to recover for mistakes.

scholarly journals Organizational Commitment and Lean Sustainability: Literature Review and Directions for Future Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Benkarim ◽  
Daniel Imbeau
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Key Aspects

The vast majority of works published on Lean focus on the evaluation of tools and/or the strategies needed for its implementation. Although many authors highlight the degree of employee commitment as one of the key aspects of Lean, what has gone largely unnoticed in the literature, is that few studies have examined in-depth the concept of organizational commitment in connection with Lean. With this narrative literature review article, our main objective is (1) to identify and analyze an extensive body of literature that addresses the Lean Manufacturing approach and how it relates to employee commitment, emphasizing affective commitment as the main type of organizational commitment positively associated with Lean, and (2) to highlight the management practices required to encourage this kind of commitment and promote the success and sustainability of Lean. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview that can help researchers and practitioners interested in Lean better understand the importance of employee commitment in this type of approach, and as well, to identify related research questions.

Managing globalization of R&D: Organizing for offshoring innovation

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Ashok Deo Bardhan
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Basic Building Block ◽  
Market Incentives ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Outsourcing ◽  
Input Markets ◽  
High Skill

This article analyzes the challenges brought about by the globalization of innovative activity to the science and practice of management. The task of matching organization structure and management practices to the needs of R&D offshoring is analyzed through a set of dichotomous pairs of concepts: (1) Drastic vs. Gradual and Systemic vs. Autonomous Innovation, (2) High vs. Low Skill Specificity, (3) Input Markets vs. Output Markets, (4) Intra-Firm vs. Arms Length Offshoring. In the trade-off between markets and hierarchies, the firms often come down on the side of the latter when it comes to the setting up of R&D facilities abroad. Organizational directives and internalization, i.e., intra-firm offshoring can trump market incentives and foreign outsourcing, when it comes to the uncertain returns from innovative activity, particularly in the case of drastic innovations and high skill specificity. Globalization has led to dispersed markets and firms have responded with dispersed locations of core assets, creating competence clusters all over the world, and the innovative firm of the future will restructure each individual cell, the basic building block of the firm consisting of an occupation devoted to a product, and redeploy and relocate them globally, where it is most advantageous.

scholarly journals Processes, Challenges and Optimisation of Rum Production from Molasses—A Contemporary Review

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tinashe Mangwanda ◽  
Joel B. Johnson ◽  
Janice S. Mani ◽  
Steve Jackson ◽  
Shaneel Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Stringent Quality

The rum industry is currently worth USD 16 billion, with production concentrated in tropical countries of the Caribbean and Asia-Pacific regions. The primary feedstock for rum production is sugar cane molasses, a by-product of sugar refineries. The main variables known to affect rum quality include the composition of the molasses, the length of fermentation, and the type of barrels and length of time used for aging the rum. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the impact of these variables on rum quality, and to highlight current challenges and opportunities in the production of rum from molasses. In order to achieve this, we review the relevant contemporary scientific literature on these topics. The major contemporary challenges in the rum production industry include minimising the effects of variability in feedstock quality, ensuring the fermentation process runs to completion, preventing microbial contamination, and the selection and maintenance of yeast strains providing optimum ethanol production. Stringent quality management practices are required to ensure consistency in the quality and organoleptic properties of the rum from batch to batch. Further research is required to fully understand the influences of many of these variables on the final quality of the rum produced.

scholarly journals An Understanding of the Global Status of Major Bacterial Pathogens of Milk Concerning Bovine Mastitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Scientometrics)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Paramanandham Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Kuralayanapalya P. Suresh ◽  
Kavitha S. Jayamma ◽  
Bibek R. Shome ◽  
Sharanagouda S. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence

In this study, the major mastitis pathogen prevalence in the cattle and buffalo of the world was estimated by a meta-analysis. Staphylococcus (S) species, Streptococcus (St) species, and Escherichia coli (Ec) prevalence studies reported during 1979–2019 were collected using online databases, and offline resources. A meta-analysis of these data was done with the meta package in R-Software. The Staphylococcus aureus was the major mastitis pathogen, mostly causing subclinical mastitis, Ec causing clinical mastitis and St causing subclinical and clinical mastitis. The pooled prevalence estimates of S, St, and Ec were 28%, 12%, and 11% in the world from 156, 129, and 92 studies, respectively. The S, St, and Ec prevalences were high in Latin America (51%), Oceania (25%), and Oceania (28%), respectively. Higher S, St, and Ec prevalences were observed by molecular methods, signifying high sensitivity and usefulness for future studies. Among bacterial species, S. aureus (25%) followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (20%), Escherichia coli (11%), St. agalactiae (9%), St. uberis (9%) were the important pathogens present in the milk of the world. We hypothesize that there is a urgent need to reduce mastitis pathogen prevalence by ensuring scientific farm management practices, proper feeding, therapeutic interventions to augment profits in dairying, and improving animal and human health.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of African Swine Fever and Its Risk in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-591
Author(s):  
Deepak Subedi ◽  
Suman Bhandari ◽  
Saurav Pantha ◽  
Uddab Poudel ◽  
Sumit Jyoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral infection of domestic and wild pigs with high mortality. First reported in East Africa in the early 1900s, ASF was largely controlled in domestic pigs in many countries. However, in recent years ASF outbreaks have been reported in several countries in Europe and Asia. The occurrence of ASF in China, the largest pork producer in the world, in 2018 and in India, the country that surrounds and shares open borders with Nepal, has increased the risk of ASF transmission to Nepal. Lately, the pork industry has been growing in Nepal, overcoming traditional religious and cultural biases against it. However, the emergence of viral infections such as ASF could severely affect the industry's growth and sustainability. Because there are no effective vaccines available to prevent ASF, the government should focus on preventing entry of the virus through strict quarantine measures at the borders, controls on illegal trade, and effective management practices, including biosecurity measures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document