scholarly journals MARKETING MARGIN ACCOUNT BETWEEN THE PRODUCER AND CONSUMER PRICE OF SOME VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD AND THE PRICE OF THE AGRICULTURAL SEASON FOR SUMMER 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al- Fraji & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Relative Importance ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Marketing Operations ◽  
Search Marketing ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
The One ◽  
Marketing Margins

This research aims to, analyze and estimate marketing margins and the relative importance of some vegetable crops in the province of Baghdad and then estimate the product share and wholesaler and retailer of consumer Iraqi dinars spent boil vegetable crops studied Results of the study showed that the margin catalog crops fresh vegetables varies from time to harvest as it was about 316 dinars Tomato and 315 for the option of water and 421.3 dinars eggplant and 448.5 dinars potato and 425.5 dinars onions dry.  How much the product share of consumer spending was about %58.3 and tomatoes %59.7 of the option and water %52.3 of the eggplant and %56.2  and potatoes 49.8% of dry onions. The share of the  wholesale  of consumer spending about 12% and tomatoes %13.5 of the option and water %11.2 of the eggplant and %9.5  and potato %9.2 onion dry. What share of the retailer of consumer spending about % 29.7  and tomatoes 23.3% of the option and water (36.4%) of the eggplant and 34.2% and potatoes 41.0% of dry onions. The relative importance of the terms of marketing margin for vegetable crops school came first prize profit retailer as it drew %42.6, and came in second place transportation as the percentage %18.8. And the third place came the profits of the wholesaler as the percentage %17.7, And it was ranked fourth marketing operations costs as the percentage %10.1  it ranked fifth  packing costs amounting to % 9.2  . It came sixth rank as loading costs amounted to %1.3. And that the margin between the search marketing is relatively high despite the decline in its absolute value, to the short distance between the producer and the consumer on the one hand and the lack of marketing tasks on the other hand care. Find recommendations came out of perhaps the most important work to raise marketing efficiency by changing market performance so that leads to lower costs functionality without modifying or reducing benefits or increasing the marketing benefits of marketing services without increasing marketing costs or achieve both.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF MARKETING OF SOME FRUIT’S CROPS IN THE PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SEASON 2015 / 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jassim & Thamir
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Marketing Operations ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Marketing Margins

 The high marketing margins for fruit crops and lower marketing efficiency in  the province of  Baghdad was the target of  the study and appreciation it and estimate the relative importance for its as well as marketing costs and measuring  Marketing Efficiency for fruit crops studied in the province of  Baghdad during the study period 2014/2015.The search has dealt with the evolution of  economic indicators for the marketing  efficiency of the fruit crops studied  in  the province of Baghdad during the period of the study it was found that the relative importance of absolute margin catalog between the producer price and  consumer price  represents a high proportion of which consumers pay, as an average for the total fruit crops studied around 48.80% , and  the relative  importance of earnings retailer of marketing margin came in the first prize, amounting to an average of the total fruit studied crops around 53.30%, and the wholesaler  profits occupied the second highest marketing margin, amounting on average to fruit crops studied 24.37% , and the marketing operations of wholesalers and retailers combined occupied the third place in  marketing  margin between the producer  price and consumer  price which reached  an average of crops studied about 8.36% This means that the marketing operations have an impact on the  prices paid  by the consumer the transportation costs occupied the fourth place in terms of relative importance  where  the averaging  for  that  fruit  studied about 7.98% , while the damaged quantities costs came in the fifth  rank in  terms of the relative  importance  that  reaching  an average for Fruit crops studied around 600.% , and  measurement of marketing efficiency and the factors influencing  them  in the study area where it was found  the  performance weakness of marketing system  for  fruit crops studied along the marketing channels which are passing through it where the average of the marketing efficiency, according to the three laws used in extracted are 64.87% by the scale 1 with the limits of 40.66% according to the scale 2 and with the limits of 48.50% by the scale 3 It is generally low.One of the main conclusions reached high level of share brokers asymptotic almost to the share of producers of consumer dinars because of their ability to bargain without providing marketing services equivalent to the marketing services provided by the product which thus weakening stimulate producers to develop their production and some of their marketing activities.So the study recommends activating the role of the two devices in order to catalog and indicative determined to take their role in providing guidance and advice to farmers in the marketing of agricultural crops in order to raise efficiency of marketing fruit crops. 

scholarly journals THE MARKETING EFFICIENCY FOR THE SOME VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE AGRICULTURAL PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD FOR SEASON SUMMER 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al fraji & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Marketing Operations ◽  
Increasing Demand

Vegetables are considered important agricultural commodities for consumer , because they contain proteins carbohydrate, oil, and vitamins. There is an increasing demand for these products which makes the process to reach the consumer in suitable prices a necessary task . Agricultural marketing has an important role in making the price for these products especially the agricultural marketing . the object of this paper is to calculate the marketing  margin for some   vegetable crops, like tomatoes, cucumber, onions and potatoes, between whole sale price and consumer price in Baghdad province and to calculate the relative importance for marketing margin items. The research arrived to some results like that the marketing margin between wholesale price and consumer price represents an important part of what consumer spends as it was about 35.6% for tomatoes, 39.0% for cucumber, 23.0% for eggplant, and 36.6% for potatoes, 35.8% for onions and as average for all vegetables was about 34.1 % the relative importance of marketing margin components came in the first place , the profits of retailer as it was on  average for all vegetables about 42.6% and in the second place was come transportation costs as it  relative importance was on average about 18.8%  while the relative importance of marketing operations was 17.7%. And then came the marketing operations, packaging and loading costs.                                                                                                                                                                 

scholarly journals EFFICENCY OF MARKETING OF THE TABLE EGGS IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD IN 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bdeawe & Thamer
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Marketing Margins

The study aims to measure the marketing margins and costs and the marketing efficiency of the table eggs were produced by the privete sector in Baghdad province, and to achive the study aims we design questionnaire are for the three marketing levels in marketing path : producer , wholsale trader and retailer trader. The results showed that share of produce which paid by consumer was (82%) as a one of indicators of high marketing efficiency , the producer prof it was about (68%), and profit of the wholesale trader about (18%), and profit of retailer profit about (14%). The study estimate the relative importance of item of the marketing margin between producer and consumer , the relative importance of profits of wholesale trader came in first rank by about (%38.7) from item of the marketing margin between producer and consumer , and in the secord rank came the relative importance of profits of retailer trader by about (%29.9) from items of the marketing margin between producr and consumer , and in the third rank came the relative importance of marketing costs of the whole saler trader by about (%25.7) from item the marketing margin between the producer and consumer of ter them came the relative importance of marketing costs of the retailer trader by (%4.3) from items of the marketing margin , while the relative importance of the transportation costs came in the last rank about (%1.3) from itiems of the marketing margin between producer and consumer. Thr marketing efficiency of the table eggs were produced according to scale (1) about (%89.19) and according to scale (2) about (%72.14) and this indicate hight of the marketing efficiency of the table eggs produced by private sector in Baghdad province according the two sacles .the study reached to some recommoudations such as providing the vechiles to transport the table eggs from producing points to marketing points which have airconditionrs to reduce the waste and damage of eggs during the marketing services, and providing producing equipmeyts and the agricultural marketing equipments of the table eggs by good quality and satible prices which has active role in decrease or increase the producing costs and agricultural marketing.

AN ECONOMICAL STUDY TO MEASUREMENT OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY IN CALF FATTENING FIELDS IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE(2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah & Al-Taye
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
High Production ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Marketing Margins

This study was aimed at assessing marketing efficiency in the main sites of meat production of calf fattening fields in the private sector due to the importance of meat, especially red meat, which has essential nutrient for human body growth and high commodity prices depending on the measurement indicators used to suit the nature of the research conducted in calves fattening production fields in Gogjali region- Nineveh  (2018). The basic source data of the study is obtained from sources on the ongoing ground- marketing questionnaire of three levels, the producer, the wholesaler, the retailer and two fields groups of caste random sample. The first group included (100) fields with imported calves class. The second included (51) fields with local calves class. Whereas, according to the production and marketing costs indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME1 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (92.47, 93.39%) respectively for a kilogram which is a sign of high production costs and, according to the marketing margins indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME2 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (86.89,79.13 %) for per kg which is a sign of high marketing margins. Thus the study concluded a high value of marketing efficiency using the first scale with the fattening period time for both groups while marketing efficiency by using the second scale was characterized by the gradual decline in the imported fattening fields and a gradual rise in the local fattening fields.  The study recommends supporting production inputs (fodder, treatment), unifying markets and limiting the    importation of red meat importation  in order to obtain a good production and currency policy by which the production costs could be reduced to the minimum .

scholarly journals KAJIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI PELELANGAN BANDENG DI KABUPATEN PANGKAJENE KEPULAUAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Riesti Triyanti ◽  
Hikmah Hikmah
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Marketing Margins ◽  
Marketing Chain ◽  
Margin Analysis ◽  
Efficiency Data

Pelelangan bandeng di Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan (Pangkep) dilakukan oleh beberapa pihak diantaranya pembudidaya, pungawa, pacatto, pagandeng, dan penagih retribusi dengan aturan main yang telah disepakati. Bandeng hasil pelelangan dipasarkan ke  beberapa kabupaten di sekitar Pangkajene dan Kepulauan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pelelangan bandeng dan rantai pemasaran bandeng, serta menganalisis kinerja pemasaran bandeng. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam terhadap pelaku usaha perikanan. Analisis data  menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif dan cost-margin analysis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rantai pemasaran bandeng di pelelangan terdiri dari 2 rantai diantaranya Pembudidaya-Pungawa-PacattoKonsumen (R1) dan Pembudidaya-Pungawa-Pacatto-Pagandeng-Konsumen (R2). Rantai pemasaran R1 memiliki nilai biaya pemasaran lebih kecil, keuntungan lebih besar, margin pemasaran lebih kecil, farmer’s share lebih besar dan memiliki nilai indeks efisiensi lebih kecil dibandingkan rantai pemasaran  R2. Realisasi penerimaan retribusi pelelangan bandeng di Pangkep terhadap target hampir tercapai  sedangkan terhadap Pendapatan Asli  Daerah (PAD) sangat kecil (< 1 %). Peningkatan pendapatan perkapita masyarakat di Kabupaten Pangkep khususnya pembudidaya bandeng dapat dilakukan dengan pembentukan kelembagaan pelelangan, penambahan fasilitas pelelangan, dan peningkatan koordinasi serta pengawasan data maupun jumlah retribusi pelelangan antara Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan  dan Dinas Pendapatan Daerah. Title: Social and Economic Study of Milkfish Auction in the  Pangkajene Kepulauan DistrictThe milkfish auctions in Pangkep District have been being practicy by several parties including farmers, pungawa, pacatto, pagandeng, and levy collectors with agreed rules. Milkfish from the auction were marketed to several districts near by the Pangkep district. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of the milkfish auction, milkfish marketing chain, and analyze the performance ofmilkfish marketing efficiency. Data collected using indept interview techniques to fish farm respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and cost-margin analysis. Results showed that milkfish marketing chain in auction consists of 2 chains including fish farmers-Pungawa-Pacatto Consumer (R1) and Fish farmers-Pungawa-Pacatto-Pagandeng-Consumer (R2). Marketing chain R1 has lower marketing costs, greater profits, lower marketing margins, larger farmer’s share and has a efficiency index value is smaller than R2 marketing chain. Levy revenue realization milkfish auctions in Pangkep against almost achieved the target while contributing to the auction levy revenue (PAD) is very small (<1%). Increased incomes in particular Pangkep milkfish farmers can do with the establishment of the institutional tender, the addition of auction facilities, and improved coordination and monitoring of data and the amount of levy auction between the Local Autority in Marine and Fisheries Sector and Local Autority in Revenue.

scholarly journals Inputs Price Transmission Effect on Marketing Margins on Fisheries Products of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Mahdi Saravani ◽  
Nazar Dahmarde Ghaleno
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
The One ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Marketing Margins ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

Volatility and instability of inputs price and products on the one hand and high marketing margins, on the other hand are the main characters of inefficient marketing of agricultural products. So in this paper we will consider the Prices Transmission of Inputs and Marketing Costs on Marketing Margin of Fisheries Products during 2004 to 2014. The variables examined in this study which were extracted from the website of Fisheries and Statistics Center of Iran, include hot and cold water fish prices (Larve and Fingerling), Fishmeal and Concentrate (inputs), transport and labor costs and amount of used inputs. The results show that Necessary and sufficient conditions for coincidence of inputs price transmission has rejected and mediators through asymmetrical transmission of input prices to retails increase marketing margin and thereby earn profits. The coincident test also in the transfer of marketing costs showed asymmetry coincidence of marketing costs. The variable of total amount of inputs that is considered as an explanatory variable to ensure assume constant returns to scale in marketing margin model, Its impact on marketing margins is incremental and statistically significant. The process trend variable coefficient also shows that market margins will increase over time. To improve this situation it is suggested to establish the Notification institutions of market.

scholarly journals Marketing Efficiency of Chicken’s Egg in Binjai City, North Sumatra

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Pargita ◽  
A H Daulay ◽  
N Ginting ◽  
Y L Henuk ◽  
E Mirwandhono
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Marketing Margins

The egg marketing by producers usually uses various marketing agencies so that chicken eggs will reach consumers. This process requires marketing costs to be used to perform marketing functions. Therefore, research is conducted to investigate the marketing channels, marketing institutions, marketing functions and investigate the marketing efficiency of chicken’s egg found in Binjai City. This research was conducted from July to August 2018. The method used in data collection is the withdrawal of a sample of retailers using the purposive sampling method, while the sample of farmers and other marketing institutions with snowball sampling. Data collection was done by interview technique using a questionnaire. Data analysis includes marketing costs, marketing margins, farme’r share and cost benefit ratio of each marketing channel. The results of this study indicate that there are two marketing channels. The smallest marketing margin is obtained by the second marketing channel, therefore the second marketing channel has the largest ratio of profit to cost. The biggest farmer's share is obtained in the second marketing channel, this channel only uses retailers as an intermediary channel. So it can be concluded that the second channel is the most efficient channel because it has the smallest cost and the profit is spread evenly across all the marketing institutions that play a role.

scholarly journals Analisis Efisiensi Saluran Pemasaran Bunga Hortensia Sentra Produksi Desa Gobleg Kecamatan Banjar Kabupaten Buleleng

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Made Setena ◽  
Ida Ayu Sri Meitri
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Share Prices ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Marketing Margins ◽  
Small Traders

Abstract Hortensia plants are prospective flower plants to be developed because hortensia flowers other than as ornamental plants are also used as a means of traditional ceremonies in Bali. The development of hortensia flower prices at the producer (farmer) level greatly fluctuates from the lowest price of Rp 2,000 to Rp 25,000. Hortensia flower marketing involves several marketing institutions. The research objective is to identify and analyze hortensia flower marketing channels and to find out and analyze hortensia flower marketing margins, cost sharing and profit of marketing institutions, and share prices received by farmers in each marketing channel. Data includes primary and secondary data. The number of samples is 29 farmers, with the consideration that the respondents are homogeneous and 5 are traders, 5 small traders and 15 retailers as informants. The sample uses a purposive sampling method. The results show that there are four hortensia flower marketing channel models, namely: Channel I: Farmer  Collector Trader  Small Trader  Retailer ons Consumer; Channel II: Farmers umpul Collector traders  Small traders  Consumers; Channel III: Farmer peng Collector trader  retailer ons Consumer Channel IV: Farmer peng Collector trader ons Consumer The biggest marketing margin is received by the collecting traders, which is IDR 4,250, and the smallest is received by the small traders, which is IDR 2,750. The highest marketing costs are spent by the traders, which is Rp. 1,010 per kg and the lowest is Rp. 170 per kg. The profits from each marketing institution are Rp. 2,930, - collector traders, Rp. 3,240, - small traders, Rp. 2,480, and retailers, Rp. 3,280, -. The level of marketing efficiency in each marketing institution is: farmers by 2%, collecting traders 9%, small traders 1% and retailers 1%. The most widely used marketing channel is channel I, which is 50% and the least marketing channel, channel IV, which is 10%. Keywords: efficiency, marketing channels Abstrak Tanaman hortensia merupakan tanaman bunga yang prospektif untuk dikembangkan karena bunga hortensia selain sebagai tanaman hias juga digunakan sebagai sarana upacara adat di Bali. Perkembangan harga bunga hortensia ditingkat produsen (petani) sangat berpluktuasi mulai dari harga terndah Rp 2.000,- sampai Rp 25.000,-. Pemasaran bunga hortensia melibatkan beberapa lembaga pemasaran. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan menganalsis saluran pemasaran bunga hortensia dan mengetahui dan menganalsis besarnya marjin pemasaran bunga hortensia, share biaya dan keuntungan lembaga pemasaran, serta share harga yang diterima petani pada masing-masing saluran pemasaran. Data meliputi data primer dan skunder. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 29 petani dengan pertimbangan respondennya homogim dan 5 orang pedagang pengumpul, 5 pedagang kecil dan 15 pengecer sebagai informan. Sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil menunjukkan ada empat model saluran pemasaran bunga hortensia, yaitu: Saluran I: PetaniPedagang PengumpulPedagang kecil Pengecer Konsumen; Saluran II: PetaniPedagang pengumpul  Pedagang kecil  Konsumen; Saluran III: PetaniPedagang pengumpul pengecer Konsumen Saluran IV: PetaniPedagang pengumpulKonsumen. Marjin pemasaran terbesar diterima oleh pedagang pengumpul yaitu sebesar Rp 4.250,- dan terkecil diterima oleh pedagang kecil yaitu sebesar Rp 2,750,-. Biaya pemasaran tertinggi dikeluarka oleh pedagang pengumpul yaitu Rp 1.010,- per kg dan terendah petani yaitu Rp 170,- per kg. Keuntungan yang diperoleh masing-masing lembaga pemasaran adalah petani Rp 2.930,- pedagang pengumpul Rp 3.240,- pedagang kecil Rp 2.480,- dan pengecer Rp 3.280,-. Tingkat efisiensi pemasaran di masing-masing lembaga pemasaran yaitu: petani sebesar 2%, pedagang pengumpul 9%, pedagang kecil 1% dan pengecer 1%. Saluran pemasaran yang paling banyak dipakai adalah saluran I yaitu sebesar 50% dan saluran pemasaran yang paling sedikit yaitu saluran IV sebesar 10%. Kata Kunci: efisiensi, saluran pemasaran

scholarly journals ECONOMIC STUDY TO MEASURE THE EFFICIENCY AND ITEMS OF MARKETING MARGINS OF TOMATO CROP YEAR 2015 AL-TAJI DISTRICT

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. T. Jassam
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Marketing Margins

The aim of this study is to calculate the marketing efficiency to measures range of efficiency of the marketing processes of crop and their satisfaction of consumer demand, and calculate the marketing margin in marketing process  for stage producer – whole sale and whole sale- retailer stage, and to fulfillment the requirements the research it is aims . The data was collected from 32 farms of tomato from AL-Taji District_Baghdad province Agricultural season 2015 non covered agriculture. The marketing efficiency of sample low 32. 5, and the  absolute marketing margin in stage of wholesaler-retailer was 230 I.d/kg, and retailers importance it was 39.36%, although that relative importance of the retailer profits from the marketing margin about 67.59%,the study recommended to increasing the efficiency the marketing processes to increase the marketing efficiency ad reducing the waste during the marketing processes, and to cultured the farmers about necessity of the marketing processes in side the farm.

scholarly journals Marketing Efficiency of Date in Khartoum State, Sudan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Abda Abdalla Emam ◽  
Wafa Abd-Alrhaim Abu-Algasim
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Marketing Margins

The study aimed to measure the marketing efficiency of date at wholesalers in Khartoum State in the year 2013. The study depended mainly on primary data which was collected through questionnaire. About 35 of wholesaler were selected through simple random sampling. Also, secondary data was collected from sources related to topic of the study. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics tool. Also, quantitative analysis techniques were used to calculate net marketing margins and marketing efficiency for wholesalers. The study revealed that 82.9% of wholesalers bought the product from local traders. On the other hand, about 68.6% of wholesalers sold their product to retailers. About 25.30, 33.20, 13.30 and 7.40 SG/Sack represented Gross Marketing Margins for Gondaila, Tomoda, Brakawie and Gawa, respectively. About 25.25, 6.15, -13.75 and -20.65 SG/Sack represented Net Marketing Margins for Gondaila, Tomoda, Brakawie and Gawa, respectively. The Shepherd’s Formula indicated that Gondaila, Tomoda, Brakawie and Gawa got marketing efficiency equal to 17.41, 13.09, 06.06 and 02.45, respectively. The main obstacles that facing wholesalers in marketing of date were follows: transportation cost, taxes, losses and finance. Increasing Net Marketing Margins at wholesaler’s Brakawie and Gawa in Khartoum market through reducing marketing costs (minimize economics and normal risks (balance between supply and demand beside control store pest) transportation and taxes cost items). In this efficiency activity, investment and credit services should be encouraged and provided, respectively.

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