CORRELATION OF SERUM ALBUMIN LEVELS WITH NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MAJOR ELECTIVE SURGERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Sahil Data ◽  
M.G. Vashist ◽  
Anil Kaushik ◽  
Kanika Sachdeva ◽  
Abhijit Kumar Singha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Postoperative Infections ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Low Serum

It has been suggested that the low serum albumin levels are associated with the increased incidence of complications after gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was to determine if preoperative total albumin levels are associated with a higher risk of postoperative infections. A total of 151 patients undergoing general surgical procedures between March 2018 to Feb 2019 presenting in the outpatient Department of surgery of Pt. B. D. Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak were studied. Serum albumin levels were done in all the patients preoperatively. Chi square test was used to look for association of nosocomial infection with albumin levels. Serum albumin <3.5 gm/dl was one of the strong risk factors for the development of nosocomial infection after surgery.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infections in Neonatal Unit Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Suartawan Suartawan ◽  
Hamid HA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Neonatal Unit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Chi Square Test

The rate of morbidity due to infection including nosocomial infection during neonatal period is higher than that due to other causes. The purpose of this study was to know the incidence and risk factors of nosocomial infection. This study was conducted on all babies treated at the neonatal unit, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar during the period of April-June 1995. Chi square test was used to compare nosocomial infection between birth weight groups and mode of deliveries. The incidence of nosocomial infections in this study was 6%, with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Skin infections were found most frequently. This occurrence of nosocomial infection was significantly related to the birth weight and mode of delivery, in which the risk of nosocomial infection was greater in babies with low birth weight and delivered by cesarean section or other obstetric procedures.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bacterial Meningitis after Craniotomy in Shahid Bahonar Hospital of Kerman in 2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ahmadinejad ◽  
Yalda Bilesteh ◽  
Maryam Ahmadipour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: Postoperative infections of the central nervous system are common complications of neurological surgeries, which can lead to bad consequences for the patient and increase the cost of treatment. Incorrect diagnosis or treatment of meningitis after craniotomy can lead to irrecoverable disabilities. Therefore, this study tends to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of bacterial meningitis after craniotomy in Shahid Bahonar Hospital of Kerman. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, descriptive study. The statistical population was 146 patients who underwent craniotomy in Shahid Bahonar Hospital of Kerman during 2016. To find out the relationship between each risk factor and meningitis, multivariate logistic regression was used. Data was analysed by SPSS software version 16. For comparison of percentages between two groups, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used. In order to compare quantitative variables between the two groups, independent t-test was used; if the data was nonparametric, U-Mann-Whitney test was used. Results: Of 77 patients, who underwent elective surgery, 5 cases (6.5%) developed bacterial meningitis; of patents that underwent emergency surgery, 8 cases (11.6%) developed bacterial meningitis. Two of 43 female patients (4.7%) and 11 of 103 male patients (10.7%) developed bacterial meningitis of patients with underlying disease, 4 (5.6%) patients developed bacterial meningitis and 9 (12%) of other patients developed bacterial meningitis. There were 4 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Of 146 patients, 13 cases (8.9%) developed bacterial meningitis, of which 5 had positive bacterial CSF culture; one case of Acinetobacter baumannii, one case of Staphylococcus Epidermidis ,one case of Streptococcus pyogenes, one case of Staphylococcus aureus and one case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa  were reported. Conclusion: It can be concluded that prevalence of bacterial meningitis increases with the increase in the number of received blood units, the presence of associated infection, the increase in duration of stay in hospital and ICU, the increase in duration of mechanical ventilation and repeated craniotomy and lower GCS.

scholarly journals The association of parameters of body composition and laboratory markers with the severity of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Chen ◽  
Yingbao Huang ◽  
Huajun Yu ◽  
Kehua Pan ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Laboratory Markers ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Low Serum

AbstractBackgroundHypertriglyceridemia has arisen as the third leading cause of acute pancreatitis. This study aimed at exploring the association between the severity of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HTGP) and computed tomography (CT)-based body composition parameters and laboratory markers.MethodsLaboratory and clinical parameters were collected from 242 patients with HTGP between 2017 and 2020. Severity of HTGP was evaluated by original or modified CT severity index. Body composition parameters such as area and radiodensity of muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue were calculated by CT at the level of third lumbar vertebra. Parameters were compared between mild and moderately severe to severe HTGP. Uni-variate and multi-variate Logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the risk factors of the severity of HTGP.ResultsSeventy patients (28.9%) presented with mild HTGP. Body mass index, waist circumference and all CT-based body composition parameters differed between male and female patients. None was associated with the severity of HTGP, neither in males nor in females. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that areas under the curves of apolipoprotein A-I and albumin to predict the severity of HTGP were 0.786 and 0.759, respectively (allP < 0.001). Uni-variate and further multi-variate Logistic regression analysis confirmed that low serum albumin (< 35 g/L,P = 0.004, OR = 3.362, 95%CI = 1.492–8.823) and apolipoprotein A-I (< 1.1 g/L,P < 0.001, OR = 5.126, 95%CI = 2.348–11.195), as well as high C-reactive protein (> 90 mg/L,P = 0.005, OR = 3.061, 95%CI = 1.407–6.659) and lipase (P = 0.033, OR = 2.283, 95%CI = 1.070–4.873) were risk factors of moderately severe to severe HTGP. Levels of albumin, apolipoprotein A-I, C-reactive protein and lipase were also associated with the length of hospital stay (allP < 0.05). Besides, low serum albumin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high radiodensity of subcutaneous adipose tissue were significant risk factors of pancreatic necrosis in patients with HTGP (allP < 0.05).ConclusionsLow serum albumin and apolipoprotein A-I, and high C-reactive protein and lipase upon admission were associated with a more severe type of HTGP and longer hospital stay for these patients. Albumin and apolipoprotein A-I may serve as novel biomarkers for the severity of HTGP. However, none of the body composition parameters was associated with the severity of HTGP.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Cláudio Rodrigues Leles ◽  
Augusto César Braz Hollanda ◽  
Marcelo Sampaio Moura ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pécora
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults. A total of 1,372 periapical radiographs of endodontically treated teeth were analyzed based on the quality of root filling, status of coronal restoration and presence of posts associated with apical periodontitis (AP). Data were analyzed statistically using odds ratio, confidence intervals and chi-square test. The prevalence of AP with adequate endodontic treatment was low (16.5%). This percentage dropped to 12.1% in cases with adequate root filling and adequate coronal restoration. Teeth with adequate endodontic treatment and poor coronal restoration had an AP prevalence of 27.9%. AP increased to 71.7% in teeth with poor endodontic treatment associated with poor coronal restoration. When poor endodontic treatment was combined with adequate coronal restoration, AP prevalence was 61.8%. The prevalence of AP was low when associated with high technical quality of root canal treatment. Poor coronal restoration increased the risk of AP even when endodontic treatment was adequate (OR=2.80; 95%CI=1.87-4.22). The presence of intracanal posts had no influence on AP prevalence.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Safety of Blood Collected for Transfusion at University of Gondar Hospital Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailegebriel Wondimu ◽  
Zelalem Addis ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Yitayal Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Transfusion associated bacterial infection has remained more frequent with a sever risk of morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the bacteriological safety of blood collected for transfusion. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar hospital blood bank from December 2011 to June 2012. Bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done as per the standard procedure. Chi-square test and P value were used to assess associations between risk factors and the bacterial isolation rate. Results. Twenty-one (15.33%) blood units were found contaminated with bacteria, and 95.24% contamination was due to external sources. The commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococci species, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter species. All of the bacteria isolated were 100% sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, and Doxycycline. Multiple antimicrobial resistances were observed in 66.7% of the isolates. Not using glove by phlebotomist, touching disinfected phlebotomy site and double puncture at the same hand or both hands of a donor were found to be risk factors for bacterial contamination. Conclusion. Bacterial contamination of blood to be transfused is a common problem in the hospital. So attention should be given to activities performed at the blood bank for safe transfusion practices.

Social assessment of children dental health and its determining factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
T. G. Svetlichnaya ◽  
A. S. Mityagina ◽  
T. M. Burkova ◽  
N. M. Ogorelkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pediatric Dentist ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Decay Risk

Relevance. The high prevalence of tooth decay requires investigation of its risk factors. The aim was to study tooth decay risk factors among six-year-old children according to the level of dental health (based on parents’ assessment).Materials and methods. The research evaluated the dental health of six-year-olds and factors defining their oral health; The study surveyed 515 parents of six-year-old children from 7 kindergartens in Arkhangelsk. Pearson chi-square test assessed the differences in the frequency of tooth decay factors among six-year-old children according to the level of dental health. The accepted significance level was 0.05.Results. The Arkhangelsk parents evaluated the dental health of their six-year-olds as relatively favourable: good (41.2%) and satisfactory (46.6%). Only 9.5% of children had poor health. Children generally had good oral hygiene skills: 86.8% liked brushing their teeth; 60.2% squeezed the optimal amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush; 56.7% brushed their teeth twice a day. The dental literacy of parents was satisfactory: 67.0% purchased toothpaste for children; 90.8% considered necessary to treat primary teeth; 69.2% replaced toothbrush every three months; 59.7% visited a pediatric dentist twice a year. The children with poor dental health had insufficient oral hygiene skills: 46.9% did not like teeth cleaning; 51.1% brushed their teeth once a day. Their diet was not healthy: 100.0% did not eat hard food; 65.3% frequently consumed sweets. The parents  of children with poor dental health had low medical literacy and poor oral hygiene: 46.9% did not know that treatment of primary teeth was necessary; 42.9% considered the treatment of primary teeth as unnecessary; 32.6% purchased whatever toothpaste. The general negative trend is to use toothpaste without fluoride (68.1%).Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of cariogenic factors in children with poor dental health.

Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever Occurrence and Recurrence in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 381-401
Author(s):  
Umar Abdullahi Tawfiq ◽  
◽  
Shohaimi Shamarina ◽  
Syafinaz Amin Nordin ◽  
Mohd Noor Hisham Mohd Nadzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
At Home

Typhoid is a life-threatening disease that has remained endemic in parts of Africa and Asia where its burden is elevated by the inefficiency of control efforts which have been hampered by lack of epidemiological data, among others. In Nigeria, such data is absent in most of the States like Gombe where the disease has been rife for a long time, hence, to bridge that knowledge gap, this study was set up to determine the host-associated risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence in Gombe. A questionnaire that was designed and validated for this location was used to obtain data from 663 respondents using simple random sampling and analyzed using the Chi-square test for association and binomial logistic regression to obtain risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence, respectively. The study revealed that occurrences were statistically significantly associated with the variables for vaccination (χ2 = 39.729, p < 0.01), having houseboy/girl (χ2 = 16.909, p < 0.01), typhoid patient at home (χ2 = 13.393, p < 0.01), hand washing before handling food (χ2 = 22.856, p < 0.01), consuming iced/frozen items (χ2 = 16.805, p < 0.01), boiling drinking water (χ2 = 49.633, p < 0.01), and eating commercially available foods/drinks (χ2 = 27.864, p < 0.01), while recurrences were statistically significantly predicted by „not sure of been vaccinated‟ (OR = 2.962, CI = 1.290 to 6.802, p < 0.01), „not having another typhoid patient at home‟ (OR = 1.799, CI = 0.998 to 3.244, p < 0.01), and „drinking unboiled water sometimes‟ (OR = 2.130, CI = 1.023 to 4.434, p < 0.01). It is believed that these findings will guide efforts by the Government for health interventions against typhoid in the study area, thus improving the quality of life for the population.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With the Zero-P Implant System: a Retrospective Study With Minimum of 2 Years Follow-up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Xue ◽  
Ningdao Li ◽  
Zhurong Ji ◽  
Xingdong Cheng ◽  
Zhuqiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Postoperative Dysphagia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Implant System ◽  
Segmental Angle

Abstract Background: Dysphagia is one of the most common complications after anterior cervical spine surgery. The study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with the Zero-P Implant System by multidimensional analysis and investigated the predictive values of these risk factors for dysphagia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 260 patients who underwent ACDF with the Zero-P Implant System and had at least 2 year of follow-up ware performed. All patients were divided into a non-dysphagia group and a dysphagia group. Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), intraoperative time, estimated blood loss, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, prevertebral soft-tissue thickness, the levels of surgery, O-C2 angle, C2–7 angle, T1 slope and segmental angle were analyzed. Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to analyze the predictive value of each dimension for dysphagia. Results: In total, the non-dysphagia group comprised 170 patients and the dysphagia group comprised 90 patients. Chi-square test results indicated that number of operated levels, operation time dT1 slope, dO-C2 angle, dC2–7 angle, segmental angle and dPSTT were associated with a high incidence of dysphagia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that number of operated levels, operation time, dC2–7 angle and dPSTT were significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia.Conclusions: Number of operated levels, operation time, dC2–7 angle and dPSTT were significantly associated with postoperative dysphagia. In additionally, sufficient preoperative preparation, evaluation combining with proficient and precise treatment measures are suggested to reduce the incidence of postoperative dysphagia when ACDF is performed.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Methamphetamine/ICE use in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Sameer Ul Khaliq Jan ◽  
Hamid Alam ◽  
Ayub Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Exam Preparation ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test

The present study aims to analyze the causative factors which are responsible for the use of a stimulant drug methamphetamine which is commonly known as ice. For this purpose, data were collected from the two districts, i.e. Peshawar and Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A conceptual framework consists of Independent variable (ice use frequency) and dependent variables (risk factors). Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 180 ice users by a snowball sampling technique. A Chi-square test was applied to examine the association between independent and dependent variables. The results reveal that a significant (p=0.05) association was found between various risk factors, i.e. easy availability, friends insistence, try out new experiences/curiosity, and use of ice for exam preparation with frequent use of ice. The study recommends that awareness may be created through educational, religious institution and media for the prevention and rehabilitation of ice addiction.

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROFILE OF ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION AND IT'S CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL COMPLICATIONS AT AIIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Rajeev Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
Ravikirti Ravikirti ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hypertension, its risk factors and complications is very poorly understood therefore it goes undiagnosed and untreated for a long time. The present study was undertaken to study the clinical profile of isolated systolic hypertension (systolic > 140 and diastolic ≤ 90 mmHg ) in elderly (above the age of 60 years)and to find out any other associated risk factors, any end organ complications, specially cardiac through electrocardiography and echocardiography and on kidney through creatinine clearance. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken on patients attending the outdoor department and indoor department of medicine. The study group comprised of 75 elderly patients who had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Using Chi square test correlation of age with stage of BP, association of risk factors with ISH and Stage III BP and ECG changes with LVH calculated. It concluded that ISH associated with risk factors has definite effect mainly on cardiac in terms of LV hypertrophy and on kidney in terms of reduced creatinine clearance and is an even better predictor of mortalityand morbidity than is diastolic blood pressure.

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