scholarly journals Evolution of mortality and lethality due to covid-19 in the state of Roraima, Brazil, from march 2020 to july 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457
Author(s):  
Edwin Vivanco Valenzuela ◽  
Tassiane Cristina de Morais ◽  
Blanca Guerrero Daboin ◽  
Matheus Paiva Emídio Cavalcanti ◽  
Isabella Batista Martins Portugal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
P Value ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Second Wave

Introduction: the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in the Brazilian North region is worrying. There is a lack of resources for Public Health, a low human development index, and poverty indicators above the national average. Objective: to analyze mortality and lethality from COVID-19 in the State of Roraima, Brazil. Methods: this is an ecological time-series study of secondary data on COVID-19 in Roraima, Northern Brazil, from March 2020 to July 2021. The incidence, mortality, and lethality rates due to COVID-19 were calculated. The Prais-Winsten regression model was used to calculate the time series trends. Trends were classified as increasing, decreasing, or stationary. The trend was considered static when the p-value was not significant (p>0.05). Results: in the state of Roraima, from March 2020 to July 2021, there were 123,125 cases and 1,903 accumulated deaths due to COVID-19. The first wave (March 2020 to October 2021) of COVID-19 recorded the incidence rate (2,995.30 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants - July 2020) and mortality (56.32 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants - June 2020) higher lethality. However, in the second wave (November 2020 to July 2021), the highest lethality rate was observed (3.47% - February 2021). It was observed that during the first wave, the incidence rate of COVID-19 showed increasing trends. During this period, the mortality rate had a stationary tendency (p>0.05) and the percentage lethality with a decreasing trend (p<0.05). During the second wave, there was a more aggravating scenario for lethality, which changed from a daily reduction rate of 0.90% to stationary trends. Conclusion: the pandemic in the state of Roraima is not yet under control, so it is necessary to strengthen strategies to mitigate the spread of the pandemic in the region and prevent the formation of new waves.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mortality and lethality in the State of Pará, legal Amazon, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-396
Author(s):  
Célia Guarnieri da Silva ◽  
Luiz Vinicius de Alcantara Sousa ◽  
Laércio Da Silva Paiva ◽  
Tassiane Cristina Morais ◽  
Mariane Albuquerque Lima Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
The North ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Second Wave

Introduction: the growth of coronavirus indices in the North region highlights the region’s historical social inequalities and the problems in accessing citizenship. Objective: to analyze the mortality and lethality of COVID-19 in the state of Pará, Brazil. Methods: this is an ecological study with a time series design of secondary data. All registered cases and deaths reported by COVID-19 in the period from March 2020 to June 2021, in the state of Pará, Brazil, were considered. The incidence and mortality and lethality rates were used. The daily percentage variation and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results: the total number of confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the state of Pará was 552,937 and 15,469, respectively, from March 2020 to June 2021. Incidence and mortality rates from March 2020 to June 2021 were, respectively, 6,407.9 and 179.3 per 100,000 inhabitants and the lethality was 43.3. Regarding the analysis of the daily trend of rates in the period from March 2020 to June 2021, both mortality and incidence increased. Conclusion: it was found that the behavior of the trend of rates in the first wave was increasing in the incidence of confirmed cases and the lethality decreasing, and in the second wave, the mortality and lethality rates were increasing.

scholarly journals Incidence Rate and Risk Factors for Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV: A 2015–2017 Cohort from Tashkent, Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5746
Author(s):  
Dilbar Sadirova ◽  
Ruzanna Grigoryan ◽  
Nargiza Parpieva ◽  
Venera Barotova ◽  
Aleksandr Trubnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv

People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) disease, and TB remains a major cause of death in PLHIV. Uzbekistan is facing a substantial TB epidemic, which increases the risk of PLHIV developing active TB. Our retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate and assess the risk factors for developing active TB among PLHIV. We collected secondary data extracted from medical charts of all patients, newly diagnosed at the AIDS Center in Tashkent, during the period of 2015–2017. The incidence rate of TB among PLHIV was 5.1 (95% CI: 4.5–6.0) per 1000 person/month. Adjusted regression analysis showed three major risk factors for TB, namely, being less than 15 years old (hazard ratio (HR) 5.83; 95% CI: 3.24–10.50, p value = 0.001),low CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio(aHR) 21.0; 95% CI: 9.25–47.7, p value < 0.001), and antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption/not receiving ART (aHR 5.57; 95% CI: 3.46–8.97 and aHR 6.2; 95% CI: 3.75–10.24, p value < 0.001, respectively) were significantly associated with developing active TB among PLHIV. Our findings indicate that taking prescribed ART without interruptions and maintaining CD4cell counts higher than 320 cells/μL are essential to prevent the development of active TB among PLHIV.

scholarly journals Re-emergence of Gamma-like-II and emergence of Gamma-S:E661D SARS-CoV-2 lineages in the south of Brazil after the 2021 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro M. Oliveira ◽  
Michelle O. Schemberger ◽  
Andreia A. Suzukawa ◽  
Irina N. Riediger ◽  
Maria do Carmo Debur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Variant Frequency ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Representative Samples

Abstract Background We report a genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Paraná, southern Brazil, from March 2020 to April 2021. Our analysis, based on 333 genomes, revealed that the first variants detected in the state of Paraná in March 2020 were the B.1.1.33 and B.1.1.28 variants. The variants B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33 were predominant throughout 2020 until the introduction of the variant P.2 in August 2020 and a variant of concern (VOC), Gamma (P.1), in January 2021. The VOC Gamma, a ramification of the B.1.1.28 lineage first detected in Manaus (northern Brazil), has grown rapidly since December 2020 and was thought to be responsible for the deadly second wave of COVID-19 throughout Brazil. Methods The 333 genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from March 2020 to April 2021 were generated as part of the genomic surveillance carried out by Fiocruz in Brazil Genomahcov Fiocruz. SARS-CoV-2 sequencing was performed using representative samples from all geographic areas of Paraná. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the 333 genomes also included other SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the state of Paraná and other states in Brazil that were deposited in the GISAID. In addition, the time-scaled phylogenetic tree was constructed with up to 3 random sequences of the Gamma variant from each state in Brazil in each month of 2021. In this analysis we also added the sequences identified as the B.1.1.28 lineage of the Amazonas state and and the Gamma-like-II (P.1-like-II) lineage identified in different regions of Brazil. Results Phylogenetic analyses of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes that were previously classified as the VOC Gamma lineage by WHO/PANGO showed that some genomes from February to April 2021 branched in a monophyletic clade and that these samples grouped together with genomes recently described with the lineage Gamma-like-II. Additionally, a new mutation (E661D) in the spike (S) protein has been identified in nearly 10% of the genomes classified as the VOC Gamma from Paraná in March and April 2021.Finally, we analyzed the correlation between the lineage and the Gamma variant frequency, age group (patients younger or older than 60 years old) and the clinical data of 86 cases from the state of Paraná. Conclusions Our results provided a reliable picture of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the state of Paraná characterized by the dominance of the Gamma strain, as well as a high frequencies of the Gamma-like-II lineage and the S:E661D mutation. Epidemiological and genomic surveillance efforts should be continued to unveil the biological relevance of the novel mutations detected in the VOC Gamma in Paraná.

scholarly journals Social determinants of leprosy in a hyperendemic State in North Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Dias Monteiro ◽  
Rosa Maria Salani Mota ◽  
Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo ◽  
Carlos Henrique Alencar ◽  
Jorg Heukelbach
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
North Brazil ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Log Linear

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the socioeconomic, demographic, operational, and health service-related factors associated with the occurrence of leprosy in a hyperendemic State in North Brazil. METHODS This is an ecological study based on secondary data from the Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação in municipalities of the State of Tocantins from 2001 to 2012. Units of analysis were the 139 municipalities of the State. Negative binomial log linear regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios. RESULTS In bivariate analysis, the incidence rate ratios were significantly higher for municipalities with higher income ratio of the poorest 20.0% (1.47; 95%CI 1.19–1.81) and better Municipal Human Development Index (1.53; 95%CI 1.14–2.06). In multivariate analysis, the incidence rate ratios were significantly higher in municipalities with higher proportion of immigrants (1.31; 95%CI 1.11–1.55) and higher proportion of households with waste collection (1.37; 95%CI 1.11–1.69). There was a significant reduction in the incidence rate ratio with increased coverage of the Bolsa Família Program (0.98; 95%CI 0.96–0.99). CONCLUSIONS Control programs need to focus on activities in municipalities of greater social vulnerability with intersectoral investment for the improvement of the living conditions of the population.

scholarly journals Magnitude of tuberculosis on the Bioceanic Route: an epidemiological description

2021 ◽  
pp. 1385-1395
Author(s):  
João Pedro Arantes da Cunha ◽  
Rafael Vilela de Campos ◽  
Ruberval Franco Maciel ◽  
Ana Maria Campos Marques
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
General Health ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

This study aims to assess the epidemiological situation of five municipalities that are part of the bioceanic route in order to analyze the descriptors and general health aspect of the population through a retrospective, quantitative and cross-sectional descriptive study with a documentary approach, from secondary data reported to the National System of Notifiable Diseases in the municipalities of Guia Lopes da Laguna, Jardim, Nioaque, Porto Murtinho, Sidrolândia and Campo Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the period from January 2015 to December 2020. The incidence rate ranged between 32.23 and 79.4 cases/100,000 inhabitants. There was a predominance of individuals aged between 30-39 years (26.05%) and males (67.5%). The most important injuries were alcoholism (19.15%) and smoking (18%). In the exams, 52.3% had positive bacilloscopy and 32.03% had a positive culture. The incidence of tuberculosis in the evaluated municipalities was higher than the Brazilian average and that of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. These evaluated municipalities do not have a favorable epidemiological situation with regard to tuberculosis and the construction of the biocenic route may further aggravate the situation.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of covid-19 in the state of espírito santo, brazil, from march 2020 to june 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-520
Author(s):  
Claudia Dobes Kawatake de Sousa ◽  
Tassiane Cristina Morais ◽  
Blanca Elena Guerrero Daboin ◽  
Isabella Portugal ◽  
Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
Second Wave

Introduction: coronavirus 2019 Disease (COVID-19) was quickly declared a pandemic, and Brazil is facing the most significant health and hospital crisis in its history. From March to June 2021 represented 50.8% of all deaths in the State of Espirito Santo. Objective: to analyze the lethality and mortality by COVID-19 in the State of Espirito Santo from March 2020 to June 2021. Methods: an ecological study was carried out, using a time series of public and official data available on the Health Department of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Were considered information about cases and deaths (from March 2020 to June 2021) of COVID-19. Percentage case-fatality and mortality and incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Time-series analyses were performed using the Prais-Winsten regression model, estimating the Daily Percent Change (DPC), and the trends were classified as flat, increasing, or decreasing. Significant differences were considered when p<0.05. Results: 524,496 confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of June 30, 2021, and 11,516 progressed to death. The presence of cardiovascular diseases represents more than half of confirmed comorbidities (54.37%) in patients with COVID-19, followed by diabetes (19.95%) and obesity (9.34%). Men had higher mortality and lethality, especially in older age groups, but the incidence was higher among women. A characteristic profile of two waves was observed; the first wave was extended from March to October 2020 and the second complete wave from November 2020 to June 2021. During the second wave, high peaks of incidence, lethality, and mortality were recorded. At the end of the second wave, the incidence rate remained with increasing trends (p < 0.05), with a DPC of 2.06%. Conclusion: the peak concentration of cases, deaths, and indicators of lethality, mortality evidenced even after one year of pandemic, characterizes the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, still in entire evolution in the State Espirito Santo and Brazil.

scholarly journals Mortality and case fatality rates of covid-19 in the state of goiás, brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-532
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Alexandre Trivilato ◽  
Tassiane Cristina Morais ◽  
Blanca Elena Guerrero Daboin ◽  
Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcant ◽  
Lucas Cauê Jacintho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Socioeconomic Vulnerability ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Mortality Case ◽  
Second Wave

Introduction: the initial spread of the pandemic in Brazil was mainly affected by patterns of socioeconomic vulnerability. It should be noted that the Central-West region of Brazil is one of the regions with the lowest number of cases, but the states of this region together have the highest mortality rate of COVID-19 in the country. Goiás was the most affected state of this region, with the highest number of deaths in the area. Objective: to assess the incidence of mortality and lethality caused by COVID-19 from March 2020 to June 2021 in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Methods: an ecological study, using a series of time series of public and official data of the Department of Health of the State of Goiás, Brazil. Information was collected on cases and deaths from COVID-19 from March 2020 to June 2021. Mortality, case fatality, and incidence rates were calculated. The Prais-Wisten regression model was used to build time series. The daily percent change (DPC) and the effective reproductive number (Rt) were estimated. Results: Goiás had a predominance of a greater viral spread during the first and the beginning of the second wave, with Rt higher than 1. The second wave from December 2020 to June 2021 was more lethal and had higher mortality rates than the first wave. It was observed, higher scores of case fatality and mortality belonged to males and the elderly. Conclusion: an analysis of mortality and case fatality rates helps understand the COVID-19 pandemic behavior in Goiás. It is essential to monitor epidemiological indicators and strengthen intervention strategies to contain the pandemic in this state.

scholarly journals Anemia as the cause of clinical inability of candidates to blood donation for a hemotherapy and hematology center in the state of Maranhão, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Gabriele Pereira Rocha ◽  
Alexsandro Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Isabelle Christine Vieira da Silva Martins ◽  
Jorvana Stanislav Brasil Moreira ◽  
Jeane Lorena Lima Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Information System ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Objective: To evaluate anemia as a cause of clinical disability in blood donors in the state of Maranhão- Brazil. Methods: This study addresses a time series of prevalence of anemia among blood donor candidates. Secondary data were collected from the Information System of the Blood Center of Maranhão. Donor candidates were treated between 2001 and 2010. Statistical analysis was performed with Epi Info version 6.04d. Results: The proportion of clinical disability was 16.8% (n = 1,672) and 63.27% (n = 6,198) consisted of men. Considering the unfit group, anemia was the second most frequent cause with 16.68% (n = 16,729). In men, drug use was the most frequent cause of inability (90.94%, n = 650) and anemia was the last cause with 28.76% (n = 458). In women, anemia was the major cause of clinical inability (71.24%, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Anemia is an important cause of inability, and in women it is the first one.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN DAN KESEMPATAN KERJA DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Yasrizal ◽  
Ishak Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Percent Confidence Interval ◽  
Agricultural Labor

<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of GDP growth in the agricultural sector to the distribution of income and employment opportunities in the agricultural sector of Indonesia, in the period 1996-2014. This study uses secondary data time series (time series), obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and related agencies as well as various data published through various scientific papers are considered to have a correlation and relevance to this study. The results showed that the GDP data processing significant at α = 0.050 shown in the p-value of 0.000 or significant at 100 percent confidence interval with a positive effect on employment. Where the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.9943, meaning that GDP has an impact for 99 percent of the agricultural labor opportunities in Indonesia. Meanwhile GDP is significant at α = 0.10 on income distribution shown in the p-value of 0.000 or significant at 100 percent confidence interval with a positive impact on the Gini ratio. Where the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.99014, meaning that GDP has a 99 percent influence on income distribution in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Keyword:</strong><strong> </strong>Agricultural Sector, Employment, Income Disparity</p><p> </p>

A PROPOSED EVALUATION PLAN TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF A YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FACILITATED BY THE STATE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (SITA) IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Maura Mbunyuza-deHeer Menlah
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
State Information ◽  
Evaluation Plan ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Impact

This article reports on a proposed evaluation plan that has been developed to assess the work done by the State Information Technology Agency (SITA). The SITA programme was implemented in response to the South African government’s call to improve the lives of the populations in some rural areas through technology. The programme was meant to address slow development in  rural  areas  that  lack  technological  innovations  and  advances.  In  the proposed evaluation plan a review is made of secondary data, deciding how strategic priorities are to be determined, as well as analysis of the rural context environment. The researcher gives an account of how the evaluation strategies are to be piloted and rolled out thereafter. Lessons learnt are recorded and reported upon. A proposed evaluation plan will be developed, based on the lessons learnt in line with the objectives of the project.

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