scholarly journals СHARACTERISTICS OF DIETARY FEEDS FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Kosenko ◽  
O. S. Vezdenko ◽  
L. Ye. Zaruma ◽  
O. A. Sekh ◽  
O. S. Shkilnyk
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Joint Tissue ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Domestic Products

Complete and complementary dietary feeds are feeds intended for special nutritional purposes and used when the nutritional needs of the animal's body are met. The labeling of feeds intended for special nutritional purposes must contain the word "dietary". Their composition is balanced by proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, pre- and probiotics, and other pharmacologically active components that affect the digestive processes, excretion or prevention of kidney stones, strengthening joint tissue, suspending allergic reactions, renal dysfunction, liver, promote recovery from stress, etc. The article describes the characteristics of feeds intended for special nutritional purposes for pets, that are imported or the domestic products, which are authorized in Ukraine for the period 2015-2019. The names of finished feed products, in addition to trademarks, reflect the animal species and purpose, depending on the identified abnormalities in their health, which determines the special purpose for their use. According to the authorized products list, the largest number of names falls on dietary foods for pets used in kidney disease and kidney stones (70), digestive disorders (51) and allergies (37). A significant number (28) are low-calorie diets for overweight cats and dogs. The share occupied by certain groups of complete feeds by purpose meets the needs of the domestic market of complete dietary feeds for pets. This distribution of feeds intended for special nutritional purposes helps to ensure proper care for pets of different ages and breeds that are prone to disease. Feeds entering the market in Ukraine meet the requirements of national regulations and the main safety criteria of the European Federation of Animal Feed Manufacturers (FEDIAF) and the ISO standard 22 000: 2005. According to scientific research, the most common groups of feeds intended for special nutritional purposes for pets are described; the characteristics of the main feed ingredients in the formulas, and substantiated their function as a part of nutrition at special nutritional purposes of the animal's body.

Metal-organic Nanopharmaceuticals

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-190
Author(s):  
Benjamin Steinborn ◽  
Ulrich Lächelt
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Lewis Base ◽  
High Loading ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Base Functions ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

: Coordinative interactions between multivalent metal ions and drug derivatives with Lewis base functions give rise to nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) as delivery systems. As the pharmacologically active agent constitutes a main building block of the nanomaterial, the resulting drug loadings are typically very high. By additionally selecting metal ions with favorable pharmacological or physicochemical properties, the obtained NCPs are predominantly composed of active components which serve individual purposes, such as pharmacotherapy, photosensitization, multimodal imaging, chemodynamic therapy or radiosensitization. By this approach, the assembly of drug molecules into NCPs modulates pharmacokinetics, combines pharmacological drug action with specific characteristics of metal components and provides a strategy to generate tailorable multifunctional nanoparticles. This article reviews different applications and recent examples of such highly functional nanopharmaceuticals with a high ‘material economy’. : Lay Summary: Nanoparticles, that are small enough to circulate in the bloodstream and can carry cargo molecules, such as drugs, imaging or contrast agents, are attractive materials for pharmaceutical applications. A high loading capacity is a generally aspired parameter of nanopharmaceuticals to minimize patient exposure to unnecessary nanomaterial. Pharmaceutical agents containing Lewis base functions in their molecular structure can directly be assembled into metal-organic nanopharmaceuticals by coordinative interaction with metal ions. Such coordination polymers generally feature extraordinarily high loading capacities and the flexibility to encapsulate different agents for a simultaneous delivery in combination therapy or ‘theranostic’ applications.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Earthworm (Eisenia foetida) Co-Dried with Vegetable Meals as an Animal Feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Kirenia Pérez-Corría ◽  
Aroldo Botello-León ◽  
Abril Karina Mauro-Félix ◽  
Franklin Rivera-Pineda ◽  
María Teresa Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Market Requirement

To evaluate the chemical composition of the earthworm (Eisenia foetida) co-dried (EW) with vegetable meals (VM) as animal feed ingredient, the blends were mixed with wheat bran (WB), rice powder (RP), corn meal (CM) and soy cake meal (SCM) in proportions of 85:15; 75:25 and 65:35. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CFA), crude fiber (CF), ashes and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of the ingredients and final mixtures were determined. All the mixtures resulted with a high content of DM (≥90.00 %). No significant differences among the proportions were revealed (P>0.05). In addition, the higher inclusion of the earthworm in the proportions (85:15) increased (P<0.05) the CP (54.70 %), CFA (7.28 %), and ashes (10.20 %), mainly when mixed with SCM, CM, and RP, respectively. However, the use of vegetable meals proportionally increased the CF (7.31 %), and NFE (52.62 %), mainly with the proportion of 65:35 and with RP and CM, respectively (P<0.05). The results showed that the vegetable meals (WB, RP, CM, and SCM) are useful to co-dry the earthworm to be use for animal feed. It is concluded that the most appropriate proportion (VM:EW) will depend on the animal species, productive stage and market requirement.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Protective Effects of Bee Venom Extracts with Varying PLA2 Compositions in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Hwa Kim ◽  
Minhwan Kim ◽  
Jaehwan Lee ◽  
Hat Nim Jeon ◽  
Se Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Bee venom contains a number of pharmacologically active components, including enzymes and polypeptides such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and melittin, which have been shown to exhibit therapeutic benefits, mainly via attenuation of inflammation, neurotoxicity, and nociception. The individual components of bee venom may manifest distinct biological actions and therapeutic potential. In this study, the potential mechanisms of action of PLA2 and melittin, among different compounds purified from honey bee venom, were evaluated against Parkinson’s disease (PD). Notably, bee venom PLA2 (bvPLA2), but not melittin, exhibited neuroprotective activity against PD in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. MPTP-induced behavioral deficits were also abolished after bvPLA2 treatment, depending on the PLA2 content. Further, bvPLA2 administration activated regulatory T cells (Tregs) while inhibiting inflammatory T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells in the MPTP mouse model of PD. These results indicate that bvPLA2, but not melittin, protected against MPTP and alleviated inflammation in PD. Thus, bvPLA2 is a promising and effective therapeutic agent in Parkinson’s disease.

Detection of Rendered Meat and Bone Meals by PCR Is Dependent on Animal Species of Origin and DNA Extraction Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL J. MYERS ◽  
DOROTHY E. FARRELL ◽  
CHRISTINE M. DEAVER ◽  
JACQULINE MASON ◽  
HEIDI L. SWAIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Pcr Method

The capability of eight commercially available DNA extraction kits to extract bovine DNA originating in meat and bone meal from fortified feed was evaluated. Four different batches of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) were used for DNA extraction with the eight commercial DNA extraction kits. Within each kit, there were minimal differences in the batch-to-batch amounts of extracted DNA. There were differences between the kits in the amounts of DNA that could be extracted from the same amount of starting BMBM. These differences did not translate into differences in the amount of amplifiable DNA from BMBM-fortified dairy feed. Using a validated real-time PCR method, the kit yielding the highest amount extractable DNA was completely unable to yield a positive PCR result; one other kit was also unable to produce a positive PCR result from DNA extracted from BMBM-fortified feed. There was a complete lack of a correlation between the amount of bovine DNA isolated from BMBM by a given extraction kit compared with the relative amounts of DNA isolated from fortified animal feed as evidenced by the cycle threshold values generated using the real-time PCR method. These results demonstrate that extraction of DNA from processed animal protein is different for pure ingredients and fortified animal feeds. These results indicate that a method specifically developed using just animal-derived meat and bone meal may not yield a functional assay when used to detect animal tissues in complete animal feed.

The pharmacologically active components of oxytropis falcata bungereduce ischemic-reperfusion injury in the rat heart

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejun Zhang ◽  
Ruofei Jiang ◽  
Eun-Kyung Hong ◽  
Guosheng Tan ◽  
Dianxiang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Pathological Change ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Oxytropis falcata is used as the main material to prepare various Tibetan traditional medicine, which its activity was reported that anti-inflammation and analgesia. Flavonoids is the chemical basis for the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant efficacy. The influence of total flavonoids of Tibetan herb O. falcata on myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury was investigated using ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts. Rats were pretreated with different concentrations of the extract for 7 days. The model of myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury was established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in the heart. Following reperfusion for 40 minutes, the enzyme activity of creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rat serum were measured. The ultrastructural pathological change was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The serum levels of CK, LDH, and MDA were reduced, and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px were increased significantly, by chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts (P Less Than 0.01, PP Less Than 0.05). The ultrastructural pathological change in myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury was alleviated by both extracts. The major components in chloroform extract were 7-hydroxy-flavonone and 2',4'-dihydroxy chalcone. 7-Hydroxy-flavanon naringenine naringetol and 2',4'-dihydroxy chalcone were the major components in ethyl acetate extract. Total flavonoids of Tibetan herb O. falcata might alleviate myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physicochemical Characterization of Winter Squash (Cucurbita moschata D.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia JACOBO-VALENZUELA ◽  
Jose de Jesus ZAZUETA-MORALES ◽  
Jose Alberto GALLEGOS-INFANTE ◽  
Floridelia AGUILAR-GUTIERREZ ◽  
Irma Leticia CAMACHO-HERNANDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Winter Squash

Winter squash cv 'Cehualca' (Cucurbita moschata Duchense) is a seasonal crop that has been used as food and animal feed. The objective of the present study was to characterize physical, chemical and physicochemical properties of the winter squash cv 'Cehualca'. Morphological, chemical and physicochemical analyses were performed, including fiber, carotenoids, phenolic and mineral contents in the winter squash. The morphological analysis showed that the squash 'Cehualca' did not have a homogeneous morphology. Data about their physical and physicochemical characteristics showed large variability. Also, high content of carotenoids and dietary fiber was observed in squash. The oil and total phenolic content was low in comparison with other fruits. The mineral content exceeded the values recommended to meet the nutritional needs of consumers, except for sodium (both in pulp and shell), potassium and magnesium in the shell.

Metabolism and metabolite profiles in vitro and in vivo of ospemifene in humans and preclinical species

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Uusitalo ◽  
Miia Turpeinen ◽  
Ari Tolonen ◽  
Pasi Koskimies ◽  
Risto Lammintausta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Preclinical Species ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

AbstractMetabolite profiles of ospemifene, a novel nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator, were surveyed as part of its development.The pharmacokinetics of ospemifene and its two major, pharmacologically active metabolites 4-hydroxyospemifene and 4′-hydroxyospemifene, was elucidated in studies of volunteer humans given various doses of ospemifene and in experiments of several animal species (rat, mouse, dog, and cynomolgus monkey), which had been used either for pharmacological or toxicological studies of ospemifene. Metabolites produced inConsiderable interspecies differences were observed in the metabolite profiles and quantities. The major human metabolite, 4-hydroxyospemifene, was produced in substantial amounts bothOverall, there are quantitative and also some qualitative differences in the metabolism of ospemifene in different species. Generally,

scholarly journals Contamination of Cereals (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench and Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br.) During Storage: Farmer’s Perception and Management of Mold’ Contamination Risks

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Noel Tovide ◽  
Fidele Tchobo ◽  
Kifouli Adeoti ◽  
Pacome Noumavo ◽  
Farid Baba-Moussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Production Areas

This study aimed to report the traditional technics used in Benin to store sorghum and millet grains and assess the knowledge level of the farmers and sellers on the problematic of mold contamination during the grain storage. Entire sorghum and millet production areas were carried out. Face-to-face interview of 1,040 farmers and sellers of both cereals were conducted. The data were collected according to an adapted set of questions based on direct observation, group discussions, individual interviews and garret visits containing sorghum and millet. The results were analyzed using SAS software. The survey results provided by this approach showed that 93.24% of farmers were men and 100 % of sellers were women. 68.92% of farmers had over 50 years old while 64.29% of sellers had less than 35 years. Their education level was relatively low and marked by 70% of unlettered. Several storage technics are used. The most widely used is solar drying, but it has the lowest shelf life compared to the second widely used to apply the chemical pesticides to cereals product. According to them, this technic allows a long shelf life for the cereals. The most of interviewed farmers and sellers (69%) use moldy grains in animal feed while 11% used it in human consumption. 13 % of both cereals were destroyed and 7 % of them ignore that mold can have caused the sanitary risks. In view of the socio-economic importance of the cereals and their role in the nutritional needs of people it become necessary to trained the farmer and sellers in other drying and storage technics in order to prevent food-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Phytotherapy for diabetes mellitus; A review of Middle Eastern and North African folk medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sara S Abouzekry ◽  
Marwa T Badawy ◽  
Nada M Ezzelarab ◽  
Ahmed Abdellatif
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
North African ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Further Development

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the most common metabolic disorders affecting huge number of people worldwide. Despite the availability of large numbers of drugs in the market to treat the disease, there is still a need for new sources to deal with the problem and avoid side effects. In the pursuit of discovering safer and more effective anti-diabetic drugs, herbal and folk medicine drugs from regions all over the world have captured researchers’ interest. Middle Eastern and North African medicinal plants contain a variety of pharmacologically active components that have shown to possess promising anti-diabetic potential. However, few data have been reported about medicinal plants from these regions in comparison to plants from other regions. Anti-diabetic medicinal plants from the MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) region, their role in controlling DM, and suggested mechanisms for the anti-diabetic activity of some medicinal plants are discussed in this review. Many of these plants have not been fully investigated and characterized, yet they have great potential for further development as anti-diabetic drugs.

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