Determination rates of antibiotic resistance, inducible beta-lactamase, and metallo beta-lactamase ratios in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in a university hospital in Turkey

Objective: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance, inducible beta-lactamase (IBL), and Metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) rates in P. aeruginosa isolates. Material and Methods: In our study, 100 P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from various clinical samples were used. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Carbapenem resistance to imipenem and meropenem was verified by the E test. The disk induction method was used to determine the IBL production while the Modified Hodge test, MBL E test, and combined imipenem/ EDTA disk were used to determine the production of MBL. Results: According to the results of antibiotic susceptibility tests, 58% of P. aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to all antipseudomonal drugs, while resistance rates to other drugs were as follows; ceftazidime 7%, cefoperazone sulbactam 8%, cefepime 13%, piperacillin 14%, piperacillin-tazobactam 12%, imipenem 9%, meropenem 11%, aztreonam 8%, amikacin 8%, gentamicin 13%, tobramycin 12%, netilmicin 19%, There was a 10% resistance to ciprofloxacin. 8% of the isolates were resistant to at least three drugs, of which two isolates were positive for MBL enzyme production. IBL production was detected in 86% of the isolates with the disk induction method. Conclusion: The results we obtained in our study are consistent with other researchers globally and in Turkey. It was concluded that there is a need for well-standardized phenotypic tests with defined evaluation criteria and further studies to verify these tests genotypically.

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Preliminary Results on the Prevalence of Salmonella Spp. in Marine Animals Stranded in Sicilian Coasts: Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and ARGs Detection in the Isolated Strains

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10080930 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 930

Author(s):

Delia Gambino ◽

Sonia Sciortino ◽

Sergio Migliore ◽

Lucia Galuppo ◽

Roberto Puleio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Phenotypic Resistance ◽

Low Prevalence

The presence of Salmonella spp. in marine animals is a consequence of contamination from terrestrial sources (human activities and animals). Bacteria present in marine environments, including Salmonella spp., can be antibiotic resistant or harbor resistance genes. In this study, Salmonella spp. detection was performed on 176 marine animals stranded in the Sicilian coasts (south Italy). Antibiotic susceptibility, by disk diffusion method and MIC determination, and antibiotic resistance genes, by molecular methods (PCR) of the Salmonella spp. strains, were evaluated. We isolated Salmonella spp. in three animals, though no pathological signs were detected. Our results showed a low prevalence of Salmonella spp. (1.7%) and a low incidence of phenotypic resistance in three Salmonella spp. strains isolated. Indeed, of the three strains, only Salmonella subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium from S. coeruleoalba and M. mobular showed phenotypic resistance: the first to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulphamethoxazole, while the latter only to sulphamethoxazole. However, all strains harbored resistance genes (blaTEM, blaOXA, tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), sulI, and sulII). Although the low prevalence of Salmonella spp. found in this study does not represent a relevant health issue, our data contribute to the collection of information on the spread of ARGs, elements involved in antibiotic resistance, now considered a zoonosis in a One Health approach.

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Prevalence, Antibiogram, and cdt Genes of Toxigenic Campylobacter jejuni in Salad Style Vegetables (Ulam) at Farms and Retail Outlets in Terengganu

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-109 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 65-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

MOHD IKHSAN KHALID ◽

JOHN YEW HUAT TANG ◽

NABILA HUDA BAHARUDDIN ◽

NASIHA SHAKINA RAHMAN ◽

NURUL FAIZZAH RAHIMI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Retail Outlets ◽

Pcr Method

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter jejuni in ulam at farms and retail outlets located in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 526 samples (ulam, soil, and fertilizer) were investigated for the presence of C. jejuni and the gene for cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) by using a multiplex PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility to 10 types of antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion method for 33 C. jejuni isolates. The average prevalence of contaminated samples from farms, wet markets, and supermarkets was 35.29, 52.66, and 69.88%, respectively. The cdt gene was not detected in 24 of the 33 C. jejuni isolates, but 9 isolates harbored cdtC. Antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni isolates was highest to penicillin G (96.97% of isolates) followed by vancomycin (87.88%), ampicillin (75.76%), erythromycin (60.61%), tetracycline (9.09%), amikacin (6.06%), and norfloxacin (3.03%); none of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin. In this study, C. jejuni was present in ulam, and some isolates were highly resistant to some antibiotics but not to quinolones. Thus, appropriate attention and measures are required to prevent C. jejuni contamination on farms and at retail outlets.

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Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated in Chile in 2005 and in 2007

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.1228 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (07) ◽

pp. 502-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Priscila Dauros ◽

Helia Bello ◽

Mariana Domínguez ◽

Juan C. Hormazábal ◽

Gerardo González

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Integrase Gene ◽

Class 1 ◽

Single Clone ◽

Almost All ◽

Pfge Profiles

Introduction: Vibrio (V.) parahaemolyticus has endemically established in Chilean sea shores, causing outbreaks every year, with an important number of cases. In order to know the genetic relationship, genotype dominance and antibiotic resistance of isolates obtained from two outbreaks, this study characterized 110 strains isolated from environmental and clinical samples in years 2005 and 2007 in Chile. Methodology: Genotyping was performed by determination of PFGE profiles, and pandemic group and integrons were screened by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by the disk diffusion method. Results: High antibiotic susceptibility frequency was found, mainly among 2007 isolates, except to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefpodoxime, amikacin, streptomycin and kanamycin. Strains belonging to the pandemic group in clinical isolates account for 88% in 2005, decreasing to 66% in 2007 and among environmental isolates were detected in 20% of the strains from 2005, rising to 36% in 2007. In 2005, nine different PFGE profiles were identified, with 78% of the strains corresponding to a single clone. In 2007, sixteen different PFGE profiles were detected, with 61% of the strains included into a sole clone. The same clone was prevalent in both years. None of class 1, 2, 3 and SXT integrases genes was detected; however, the superintegron integrase gene (intIA) was present in almost all strains. Conclusions: These results suggest the persistence and dominance of a unique PFGE clone of V. parahaemolyticus during 2005 and 2007, and the absence of genetic elements that capture antibiotic resistance genes described in other species of Vibrio.

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Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/5573388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Kiana Karimi ◽

Omid Zarei ◽

Parinaz Sedighi ◽

Mohammad Taheri ◽

Amin Doosti-Irani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Chi Square ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

High Level ◽

Tract Infections

Aim. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an encapsulated Gram-negative bacterium that can lead to 14–20% of nosocomial infections. The ability of biofilm formation in this bacterium decreases the host immune response and antibiotic efficacy. This may impose a huge impact on patients and healthcare settings. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from two major Hamadan hospitals, west of Iran. Methods. A total of 83 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical samples of patients in different wards of Hamadan hospitals from September 2018 to March 2019. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the crystal violet method. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software and chi-square test. Results. The results showed that clinical samples included 18 urinary tract samples (22%), 6 wound samples (7%), 6 blood samples (7%), 17 tracheal tube aspiration samples (20%), 32 throat cultures (38%), 2 sputum samples (2.5%), and 2 abscess drain cultures (2.5%). High-level resistance to cefotaxime was detected in 92%, and all of isolates were susceptible to colistin. Biofilm formation was seen in 62 (75%) isolates. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 17 (20%) strains. A significant correlation was seen between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance ( P value <0.05). Conclusion. Our findings emphasize the need for proper diagnosis, control, and treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae especially in respiratory tract infections due to the strong biofilm formation and high antibiotic resistance in these strains.

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β-lactamase genes in carbapenem resistance Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a Turkish university hospital

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.10556 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

pp. 50-55

Author(s):

Umut Safiye Say Coskun ◽

Emel Caliskan ◽

Asegul Copur Cicek ◽

Halbay Turumtay ◽

Cemal Sandalli

Keyword(s):

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

University Hospital ◽

High Rate ◽

Automated System ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method

Introduction: The spread of Acinetobacter baumannii, resistant to most of the available antimicrobial agents, is a serious health problem. The high rate of carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates is considered as a threat to public health. In this study, we aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance and related genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Methodology: Ninety six isolates of A. baumannii were included. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Phoenix Automated System and disk diffusion method. Carbapenem resistane was characterized by scrneeing of resistance genes such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M1-2, blaPER, blaVEB, blaKPC, blaGES, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaOXA23-24-51-58 using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results: Resistance for the levofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tigecycline were determined as 96.9%, 93.7%, 72.9% and 45.8% respectively. Colistin was the only susceptible antibiotic against all clinical isolates. All isolates were defined as multidrug resistance and of these, 31.2% were extensively drug-resistant (sensitive only to colistin). BlaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes were detected in 100% strains while blaTEM was found in only 2% strains. There was no amplification for the blaSHV, blaCTX-M1-2, blaPER, blaVEB, blaKPC, blaGES blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaOXA24-58 genes. Conclusions: The high frequency of blaOXA-23 and low frequency of blaTEM gene was observed that indicate prevalence of a variety of A. baumannii strains. The rates of resistance genes vary from region to region. Studies are required for the prevention and control of A. baumannii infection and to formulate the strategies of antibiotic usage.

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Molecular Typing of Imipenem-ResistantAcinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticusComplex in a Singapore Hospital Where Carbapenem Resistance Is Endemic

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/518964 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 941-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thean Yen Tan ◽

Karen Poh ◽

Siew Yong Ng

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Typing Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Resistant Strains

Objective.To investigate the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticuscomplex isolates in a tertiary care hospital where the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among these organisms is high.Design.The study was a prospective, observational study performed during an 8-month period (May 1 through December 31, 2004).A. baumanniiisolates recovered from all clinical samples during the study period were included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method, and all carbapenem-resistant strains were typed by a polymerase chain reaction-based typing method.Setting.An 800-bed hospital in Singapore.Results.More than half of recovered isolates were clonally unrelated, with the remaining isolates grouped into 4 genotypes.Conclusions.The results of the study suggest that the high prevalence of carbapenem resistance amongAcinetobacterorganisms in this institution is not caused by the spread of a predominant clone and that other factors may need to be investigated.

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Colistin and Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Aci46 in Thailand: Genome Analysis and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10091054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1054

Author(s):

Nalumon Thadtapong ◽

Soraya Chaturongakul ◽

Sunhapas Soodvilai ◽

Padungsri Dubbs

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Genome Data ◽

Carbapenem Resistant

Resistance to the last-line antibiotics against invasive Gram-negative bacterial infection is a rising concern in public health. Multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii Aci46 can resist colistin and carbapenems with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 512 µg/mL as determined by microdilution method and shows no zone of inhibition by disk diffusion method. These phenotypic characteristics prompted us to further investigate the genotypic characteristics of Aci46. Next generation sequencing was applied in this study to obtain whole genome data. We determined that Aci46 belongs to Pasture ST2 and is phylogenetically clustered with international clone (IC) II as the predominant strain in Thailand. Interestingly, Aci46 is identical to Oxford ST1962 that previously has never been isolated in Thailand. Two plasmids were identified (pAci46a and pAci46b), neither of which harbors any antibiotic resistance genes but pAci46a carries a conjugational system (type 4 secretion system or T4SS). Comparative genomics with other polymyxin and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains (AC30 and R14) identified shared features such as CzcCBA, encoding a cobalt/zinc/cadmium efflux RND transporter, as well as a drug transporter with a possible role in colistin and/or carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses against MDR ACICU strain showed three novel mutations i.e., Glu229Asp, Pro200Leu, and Ala138Thr, in the polymyxin resistance component, PmrB. Overall, this study focused on Aci46 whole genome data analysis, its correlation with antibiotic resistance phenotypes, and the presence of potential virulence associated factors.

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The high resistance of bacteria to clindamycin and cefepime: a call to revisit antibiotics reserved for use at tertiary hospitals in Tanzania

10.21203/rs.2.22232/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wigilya P. Mikomangwa ◽

George M. Bwire ◽

Manase Kilonzi ◽

Hamu Mlyuka ◽

Ritah Mutagonda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Control Measures ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Tertiary Hospitals ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance poses burden to the community and health care services. Efforts are being made at local, national and global level to combat the rise of antibiotic resistance including antibiotic stewardship. Surveillance to antibiotic resistance is of importance to aid in planning and implementing infection prevention and control measures. The study was conducted to assess the resistance pattern to cefepime, clindamycin and meropenem, which are reserved antibiotics for use at tertiary hospitals in Tanzania Methods A Hospital-based antibiotic resistance surveillance was conducted between July and November 2019 using 201 consecutively selected clinical isolates at Muhimbili National Hospital and Bugando Medical Center, Tanzania. All organisms isolated were identified based on colony morphology, Gram staining and relevant biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on Muller-Hinton agar using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility on the selected antibiotic discs (cefepime, clindamycin and meropenem) was performed according to the protocol by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Results A total of 201 clinical samples were tested in this study. Urine (39.8%, n=80) and blood (35.3%, n=71) accounted for most of the collected samples followed by pus (16.9%, n=34). The overall bacterial resistance to clindamycin, cefipime and meropenem was 70.1%, 72.4% and 8.5% respectively. Most (88.9%) of Enterococcus spp were resistant to clindamycin. About 68.4% Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to clindamycin whereby 56.3%, 75.6%, 93.8% and 100% of the tested Escherichia coli , Klebsiella spp , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae respectively, were cefepime resistant. About 8.5% of isolated Klebsiella spp were resistant and 6.4% had intermediate susceptibility to meropenem. Also, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant by 31.2% and 25% had intermediate susceptibility to meropenem. All Acinetobacter baumannii and Proteus spp (both 100.0%, n=4) were susceptible to meropenem. Conclusion The overall bacterial resistance to clindamycin and cefepime is high and low in meropenem. Henceforth, culture and susceptibility results should be used to guide the use of these antibiotics. Antibiotics with low resistance rate should be introduced to the reserve category and continuous antibiotic surveillance is warranted.

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Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical samples

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/jlp.jlp_55_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (04) ◽

pp. 414-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Prapti Bora ◽

Priya Datta ◽

Varsha Gupta ◽

Lipika Singhal ◽

Jagdish Chander

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Tracheal Aspirate ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Common Species ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: This study has been done to speciate coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and also study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from clinical samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 consecutive CoNS were isolated from various clinical samples such as blood, pus, wound swab, drain fluid, tracheal aspirate, peritoneal fluid, and pleural fluid over a period of 6 months. CoNS were identified by characteristic growth on media such as Blood agar and MacConkey agar. Speciation and identification were done by a range of biochemical testing such as PYR broth hydrolysis, novobiocin resistance, polymyxin B sensitivity, and then by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per CLSI 2017 guidelines. RESULTS: Among the 120 isolates, the most common species was Staphylococcus epidermidis (56.67%) followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus (21.67%), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (11.67%), Staphylococcus caprae (5%), Staphylococcus cohnii (3.33%), and finally Staphylococcus vitulinus (1.67%). Good in vitro susceptibility was noted toward linezolid (100%), vancomycin (100%), teicoplanin (100%), and doxycycline (80.2%). The antibiotics to which resistance was seen were penicillin (96.5%), ciprofloxacin (57.1%), and oxacillin (45.5%). MR CoNS in our study ranged from 50% to 68.67%. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic resistance in CoNS is increasing toward penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and oxacillin as found in our study. The antibiotics such as vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and doxycycline which showed good in vitro susceptibility, therefore, should be kept as reserve drugs and used judiciously.

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Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital, Klaten, Indonesia

BMC Proceedings ◽

10.1186/s12919-019-0176-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (S11) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hera Nirwati ◽

Kian Sinanjung ◽

Fahrina Fahrunissa ◽

Fernando Wijaya ◽

Sarastia Napitupulu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a common cause of health-care associated infections (HAIs) and has high levels of antibiotic resistance. These bacteria are well-known for their ability to produce biofilm. The purpose of this study was to identify the antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm-producing capacity of K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Klaten, Indonesia. Methods K. pneumoniae was isolated from inpatients in Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital Klaten from June 2017 to May 2018. Identification of K. pneumoniae isolate was done by analyzing colony morphology, microscopic examination, and by performing biochemical testing. Testing of antibiotics susceptibility and biofilm-producing capacity used the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and adherence quantitative assays, respectively. Results A total of 167 (17.36%) K. pneumoniae isolates were isolated from 962 total clinical bacterial isolates during the study. Most of them were collected from patients aged more than 60 years old and were mainly obtained from respiratory specimens (51.50%). Most of K. pneumoniae isolates were extensively resistant to antibiotics. A more favorable profile was found only towards meropenem, amikacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam, showing 1.20%; 4.79% and 10.53% of resistance, respectively. The overall proportion of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates was 54.49%. In addition, 148 (85.63%) isolates were biofilm producers, with 45 (26.95%) isolates as strong, 48 (28.74%) isolates as moderate, and 50 (29.94%) isolates as weak biofilm producers. Conclusion Most of the K. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated resistance to a wide range of antibiotics and are biofilm producers.

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