scholarly journals Nutritional management of cotton culture in Cerrado's soils from Mato Grosso

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
F. Mrojinski ◽  
C. C. Santos ◽  
N. S. D. Corioletti ◽  
V. L. Silva

The cotton crop dating to 8,000 BC began with the Arabs who rudely spin and weave cotton fiber. Through the commercial deepening between Europe and the East the cotton culture gained its space in the European continent, in the middle of the seventeenth century predominated wool and over the years reached the other continents. In Brazil since the time of colonization, cotton cultivation is exploited for commercial purposes. The state of Mato Grosso leads the national production of cotton, since the economy of the same and of Brazil depend on this segment of the agribusiness that represents 15% of the national economy. In order for the cotton to reach high yields, it is necessary to have adequate nutritional management together with good practices of soil correction, since the crop is very demanding in relation to these two factors. However, it presents a certain singularity that stands out in the world scenario, because it is a fibrous and oleaginous culture, in other words, that originates products and by-products through its raw material, allowing an attractive differential that serves as an increase in income for producers who carry out this activity. In the cerrado, its cultivation serves as a viable alternative to promote the practice of rotating crops in previously cultivated areas with soybeans and corn, providing improvements in the biological quality of the soil, diversifying cropping systems making them more sustainable both by adding value to the product regarding the management of cotton. The crop is quite responsive to the fertilization and the conditions that the Cerrado provides for it, and it needs nutritional sources in several stages of its development. The objective of this study was to discuss the type of nutritional management that is used in the cotton crop under Cerrado conditions.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
Piotr Pszczółkowski ◽  
Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz ◽  
Piotr Barbaś ◽  
Marek Ćwintal ◽  
...  

The aim of the work is to develop innovative technology for potato cultivation aimed at potato food processing with the use of effective microorganisms (EMs), limiting the chemicalization of agriculture. The basis for the research was a field experiment established by the randomized subblock method, in three repetitions, where two factors were examined: cultivation technologies (3) and potato varieties (14). The influence of experimental factors on the quality of French fries (FF) and potato chips (PC) was investigated. The water content was assessed by the drying method, and the fat content by the Soxhlet method. The sensory assessment was performed by a team of 10 panelists in accordance with EN ISO methodology. In the production of both FF and PC, cultivation technologies using EMs contributed to a significant reduction in the absorption of fats and a significant reduction in the disadvantages of FF, the so-called “dark ends”, and the sensory characteristics of these products have not deteriorated. Potato obtained from cultivation in the EM system is a better raw material for the production of FF and PC than potato from plantations without the use of effective microorganisms. The beneficial effects of these preparations depended on the exposure time to EMs and the potato variety.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
João Pedro R. da Silva ◽  
Vanderleia Schoeninger ◽  
Fabrício C. de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo A. Jordan ◽  
Valdiney C. Siqueira ◽  
...  

The production of vegetables in aquaponic systems has high sustainability and conservation of natural resources, but studies that make their cultivation feasible under Brazilian conditions are still incipient. Given the influence that the cultivation system can cause on the postharvest characteristics of fruits and vegetables, this study aimed to evaluate the postharvest quality of yellow pear tomato cultivated in an aquaponic system. Tomato plants were grown in a protected environment, in the experimental area of aquaponics of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, belonging to the Federal University of Grande Dourados. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme, with two factors: maturity stage at harvest and storage time. Three stages of fruit maturity (green, intermediate and ripe) and two storage times (zero and 35 days) were analyzed. Tomato samples were subjected to the analyses using the whole fruit, evaluated for mass loss, color and firmness, and the fruit pulp, evaluated for soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pH and lycopene content. The fruits of yellow pear tomato cultivated in aquaponic system were in satisfactory conditions with respect to the postharvest parameters evaluated, indicating great potential to be cultivated on a commercial scale under Brazilian conditions. The parameters analyzed were similar or superior to the parameters of tomatoes grown in other cropping systems.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novirina Hendrasarie ◽  
Dimas Eka Mahendra

Vegetables that do not sell and rotten will be thrown away. This makes the volume of waste increases every day. Vegetable waste that is no longer being sold, could reprocessed into useful products and selling value. The purpose of this research is to use vegetable waste to become bioethanol raw material, which have economic value. The selected vegetable waste was from potatoes, carrots, cabbage, cassava, chicory, and green mustard, because they have higher carbohydrate content than other vegetable waste. The bioethanol product produced will be measured by its bioethanol content and fermentation time. These two factors, affect the quality of the bioethanol produced. The microorganism used in this study was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These microorganisms are in bread yeast and tape yeast, which are also examined for their effectiveness in the production of this vegetable waste bioethanol. From this study, producing bioethanol with the highest ethanol content of 15% v / v, produced in the interaction of bread yeast and 6 days’ fermentation time. Meanwhile, from the production using yeast tape, obtained ethanol levels of 13% v / v. Bioethanol from vegetable waste is not only to reduce the burden of waste generation, but can be used as an alternative energy to replace fuel.


HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 779B-779
Author(s):  
Megan McCollom* ◽  
Stefan Gafner ◽  
Lyle E. Craker

Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.), a root crop similar to radish, has been consumed in Peru for thousands of years as a food and medicine. Medicinally, the plant is used to increase human and livestock stamina and to ameliorate fertility problems associated with living at the high elevations in which the plant grows. The reputation of maca as a fertility and libido enhancer has increased the popularity of the plant in the United States and other Western countries. Constituents of interest in maca include fatty acids and macamides, but to evaluate the quality of maca products and raw material, fatty acid and macamide standards are required. While fatty acid standards are obtainable, macamide standards are not commercially available. In this study, one major macamide, n-benzylhexadecanamide, was synthesized with high yields using benzylamine and palmitoyl chloride as starting materials. The process, which was a relatively easy, one-step synthesis, could be used also to obtain other macamides without going through a time-consuming isolation. The major macamides in extracts of dried, ground maca sourced from vendors in the United States and Peru were identified and quantified by LC-UV/MS using n-benzylhexadecanamide as a standard compound.


Author(s):  
Mohamad Fhaizal Mohamad Bukhori ◽  
Hawa Z. E. Jaafar ◽  
Ali Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Uma Rani Sinniah

G. procumbens is an herbaceous medicinal plant. Despite the progressive reports on the potential pharmacological properties, many are overlooking at the importance of its agronomic requirements, especially in fertilization to produce high yields which have not been conclusively concluded. This study was carried out to examine the effects of nitrogen on growth quality. In this study of two factors, harvesting times and rate of nitrogen, a total of 12 combined treatments replicated three times with 108 plants were laid out according to randomized complete block design. Growth attributes were recorded in three harvests of triplicate samples to exhibit the trend for plant growth and quality, and statistically analysed. Nitrogen affected plant growth significantly (p≤0.05) with stronger effect on physiological attributes (p≤0.01). The results suggested that 0 nitrogen kg/ha at Week 12 and 90 nitrogen kg/ha at Week 4 is highly and least, respectively affected the morphology and physiology of G. procumbens. These attributes are controlled by the availability of usable nitrogen and agronomic management because nitrogen is needed in optimum quantity and must be in balance with other nutrients to achieve its maximum yield potential.


el–Hayah ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-54
Author(s):  
Amik Krismawati ◽  
Sugiono Sugiono

Coffee exocarp waste produced from the harvest can be used as raw material for compost. The composting can be added with other ingredients to add organic material. Cow manure is the one ingredient that can be added to enrich organic materials. In the composting process, the time required will be longer, but the time can be accelerated by adding a bio activator. The finished compost can be applied at the plant to meet crop nutrient elements. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of bio activator variation and doses of cow manure on the quality of compost from coffee exocarp waste. This research was conducted at compost house of Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) and was held on February - April 2017. This research used factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors; there is a variation of bio activator and doses of cow manure with three replication. Total number of treatment this research were 12 treatment, there are D1S1 = EM4 + 2 kg cow manure ; D2S1 = Moebillin + 2 kg cow manure; Petrofast + 2 kg cow manure; Decoprima + 2 kg cow manure; D1S2 = EM4 + 4 kg cow manure; D2S2 = Moebillin + 4 kg cow manure; D3S2 = Petrofast + 4 kg cow manure; D4S2 = Decoprima + 4 kg cow manure; D1S3: EM4 + 6 kg cow manure; D2S3 = Moebillin + 6 kg cow manure; D3S3 = Petrofast + 6 kg cow manure; D4S3 = Decoprima + 6 kg cow manure. The data obtained will be processed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If there is a real effect, it will be continued using the BNT test (Least Significant Differences/LSD) with a 5% level. The Results showed the application of bio activator Decoprima (D4) and a dose of 6 kg cow manure (S3) could increase and shows the highest value of pH compost 6,01 (D4) and 6,06 (S3). The dose of 2 kg cow manure (S1) showed the highest compost shrinkage value (34.64%) compared to the 4 kg dose cow manure (S2) (32,22%) and 6 kg (S3) (25,68%). On the other hand, the application of bio activator variation and doses of cow manure did not significantly affect the quality of compost, including N-total (2,15% -2,60%), C-organic (21,40% -24,91%) and C/N ratio (8,81-11,15). The physical properties of the aroma compost show the smell of soil, and the color of the compost is dark brown. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Jariyah Jariyah ◽  
Rudi Nurismanto ◽  
Nur Fitri Dian Pratiwi

Pedada fruit contains 56.74 mg/100 g of vitamin C and 79% of water.  One of the uses of this fruit is for a raw material of fruit ice cream. Objectives of this research was to evaluate quality of fruit ice cream made from padada fruit and young coconut juice with addition of Carboxy Methyl Celulose (CMC). Randomized completely design with two factors was implemented in this research. The first factor was proportions of pedada fruit and young coconut juice consisting of three levels, that was i.e., 25%:75%, 50%:50%, and 75%:25%.  The second factor was CMC concentrations consisting of three levels, that was i.e., 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%.  The best quality of fruit ice cream was obtained from 25% padada fruit juice and 75% young coconut juice with addition of 0.3% CMC.  The physical and chemical characteristics of the ice cream were a melting time of 11.11minute/10g, an overrun of 5.71%, a relative viscosity of 8.15 (Poiseuille x103), a fat content of 0.06%, a protein content of 1.29%, and a vitamin C content of 0.76mg/10g. The sensory characteristics of the ice cream were brownish, rather sour and sweet, and pedada-fruit aroma.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Luiz Cesar Lopes Filho ◽  
Victor Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Walber Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Flávio Henrique Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Guilherme Goulart Furtado ◽  
...  

Cotton is one of the most important crops, both in the national context and worldwide. Being that, its fiber, constitutes an important raw material for the textile industry. The process of improving cottonseeds, favoured cultivars with smaller seeds. The goal of this work was to evaluate three cultivars of cottonseeds with different sizes through vigour tests. The work was developed in the seeds laboratory and the post-harvest Laboratory of plant products of the Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio Verde. Cottonseeds of 3 cultivars were used (FiberMax 913 GLT, FiberMax 910 and DeltaPine 1648 B2RF), obtained in the crop of 2014 in the city of Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with eight replications of 50 seeds. Determinations of moisture content and weight of a hundred seeds, germination test and germination velocity index, emergency test, and emergency speed index, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging were conducted. The dimensions of the size of the seeds (length, width and thickness) were also determined, with the aid of digital caliper, and the weight of the seeds, with the aid of a balance of precision of resolution 0, 001g. The data was subjected to analysis of variance and the averages compared to the Tukey test at 5% probability. There was no clear relationship between the size of the seed and its physiological performance in assessed cultivars/batches, making it necessary more studies that can prove that type of association.


2020 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Остонакулов ◽  
А.А. Шамсиев

В 2017–2019 годах изучены сортообразцы сладкого картофеля на староорошаемых лугово-сероземных почвах Зарафшанской долины. Цель исследований – комплексная оценка сортообразцов батата в условиях Зарафшанской долины по скороспелости, росту, развитию, интенсивному размножению, формированию урожая, компактности клубней в гнезде, продуктивности, урожайности и лежкости клубней и выделение из них перспективных, а также разработка приемов агротехнологии получения высоких урожаев для данных условий. Почвы опытного участка характеризуются благоприятными агрофизическими и водными свойствами и низким содержанием гумуса, нитратного азота, подвижного фосфора и содержанием обменного калия от низкого до среднего. Сравнивали 18 сортообразцов батата. Выделенные сортообразцы изучали при ширине междурядий 70 и 90 см со схемой 70×25 и 90×20 см по 1, 2 и 3 растения в гнезде. Для получения рассады сортообразцов батата брали по 40 клубней и высаживали 20–22 февраля в пленочной теплице при температуре 15–18 °C, заделывая их на глубину 3–5 см. Влажность почвы поддерживали на уровне 65–70%. Через 7–10 дней после высадки почки начинают прорастать, а через 43–48 дней формируется рассада высотой 12–15 см, готовая для высадки в поле. Высадка рассады, как и других рассадных культур (томата, перца, баклажана) – по схеме 70×20–25 см во второй-третьей декаде апреля. Уход включал в себя междурядную обработку (культивация), прополку, борьбу с сорняками, подкормку, поливы. Уборка урожая – в конце сентября-начале октября с помощью картофелекопателя. В результате исследований выделились сорта по скороспелости, дружности формирования ростков, ускоренному размножению, продуктивности, компактности клубней в гнезде и с высоким товарным урожаем – Сочакинур, Хар-Бей и Япон. Возделывание этих сортообразцов по схеме 70×25 и 90×20 см способствует получению товарного урожая высокого качества не менее 43–48 т/га. In 2017–2019, studies were conducted on the study of varieties of sweet potatoes on old-irrigated meadow-gray-earth soils of the Zarafshan valley. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan valley in terms of early maturity, growth, development, intensive reproduction, yield formation, compactness of tubers in the nest, productivity, yield and keeping quality of tubers and the selection of promising ones, as well as the development of methods of agricultural technology for obtaining high yields for given conditions. The soil is characterized by favorable agrophysical and water properties and low content of humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and a low-average content of exchange potassium. Eighteen sweet potato varieties were compared. The selected variety samples were studied with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm with a scheme of 70×25 and 90×20 cm for 1, 2 and 3 seedlings in the nest. To obtain seedlings of sweet potato varieties, 40 tubers were taken and planted on February 20–22 in a film greenhouse at a temperature of 15–18 °C, seeding to a depth of 3–5 cm, the soil moisture was maintained at 65–70%. 7–10 days after planting, the buds began to germinate, and after 43–48 days, seedlings were formed with a height of 12–15 cm, which is ready for planting in the field. Planting seedlings in the field is carried out, as well as other seedlings (tomato, pepper, eggplant) according to the scheme 70x20–25 cm in the second or third decade of April. Growing includes inter-row processing (cultivation), weeding, weed control, top dressing, watering. Harvesting in late September, early October with a potato digger. As a result of the research, varieties were identified in terms of early maturity, sprout formation, accelerated reproduction, productivity, compactness of tubers in the nest and ensuring a high marketable yield – Sochakinur, Xar-Bey, and Japon. The cultivation of these varieties according to the scheme 70×25 and 90×20 cm contributes to the production of a commodity crop at 43–48 t/ha with good qualities.


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