scholarly journals The maritime industry and the role of women seafarers: A legal regulatory framework

1970 ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Mariam Mgeladze ◽  
Nugzar Phutkaradze
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Republic

For thousands of years, it was believed that the maritime industry was reserved only for men. However, this perception has slowly begun to change. In today’s world, women seafarers still represent a very small percentage of the maritime workforce, which has limited their opportunities to engage in more active employment role. Further, as today’s shipping industry is more global and interconnected than ever before, its success depends largely on its ability to support its human resources. Such support must include a push from within to attract more women to its workforce. Nevertheless, empowering women to join this industry requires gender-based policy making, as well as international and national regulatory frameworks and educational support. This article addresses the role of women seafarers in the maritime industry by examining and identifying obstacles they face during the course of their employment. Educational and cultural, traditional, religious, social matters, gender discrimination, prejudice, sexism and sexual harassment, rejection of women's application on the grounds of gender, creation of “artificial difficulties” to promote women mariners to senior positions, employment in inappropriate positions, insufficient legal protection, are wide range of barriers that have direct negative impact on women engagement into maritime business. As well as how international legal and regulatory frameworks presently address this issue. Furthermore, this article identifies and analyzes policy initiatives put forward by international organizations that encourage more industry education, training and participation for women seafarers. Additionally, this article will present a gender equality analysis of the present state of the industry with respect to women in the Republic of Georgia. This analysis includes a study of relevant international maritime law, Georgian law and domestic regulations and policies. Lastly, this article provides recommendations on how the maritime industry can empower women to join the industry, especially as it becomes more reliant on technology.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Muslima Sadikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Actual Degree ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Litmus Test ◽  
Current Stage

No human society can develop harmoniously, moving to a higher state, if it belittles the role of women and does not balance the ratio of two complementary principles -male and female, because the position of women like a litmus test reveals the actual degree of civilization of a particular social or religious community, as well as accurately reflects the degree of commitment of its members to the principles of humanism, equality and mercy. In this article deals with issues, current stage of general coefficient of coverage withhigher education, by gender and the share of women in teachers and professors in higher education institutions in Uzbekistan. Above all in this article given recommendation to avoid and solve negative effects of gender discrimination in development of science in conditions of The Republic of Uzbekistan

scholarly journals A review of challenges and benefits of integration of CHP plant into the grid: a case study in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rade M. Ciric ◽  
Sasa N. Mandic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Voltage Supply ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Republic of Serbia must make significant efforts to promote and exploit renewable energy sources and increase energy efficiency in all energy sectors to ensure energy security and economic competitiveness, reduce the negative impact on the environment from energy production and use, and contribute to global efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. Within the paper several issues of integration of recently realized CHP plant are introduced and discussed. Firstly, the legal and energy policy issues in the Republic of Serbia regarding connecting CHP to the grid are presented. The challenges and technical solutions for CHP connection to the grid, as well as power quality issues and the role of the CHP plant during the restoration of power supply during the maintenance of the substation and unplanned loss of high voltage supply, are presented and discussed. Finally, the impact of prospective massive integration of CHP on the energy balance and CO2 emission reduction in the province of Vojvodina in Serbia is investigated and discussed. Since it is the first CHP plant realized in Serbia, it is crucial that experience be shared to all potential stakeholders in the future energy efficiency projects.

scholarly journals Securitisation gaps: Towards ideational understandings of state weakness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Kevork Oskanian
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
State Action ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Republic

Abstract This article contributes a securitisation-based, interpretive approach to state weakness. The long-dominant positivist approaches to the phenomenon have been extensively criticised for a wide range of deficiencies. Responding to Lemay-Hébert's suggestion of a ‘Durkheimian’, ideational-interpretive approach as a possible alternative, I base my conceptualisation on Migdal's view of state weakness as emerging from a ‘state-in-society's’ contested ‘strategies of survival’. I argue that several recent developments in Securitisation Theory enable it to capture this contested ‘collective knowledge’ on the state: a move away from state-centrism, the development of a contextualised ‘sociological’ version, linkages made between securitisation and legitimacy, and the acknowledgment of ‘securitisations’ as a contested Bourdieusian field. I introduce the concept of ‘securitisation gaps’ – divergences in the security discourses and practices of state and society – as a concept aimed at capturing this contested role of the state, operationalised along two logics (reactive/substitutive) – depending on whether they emerge from securitisations of the state action or inaction – and three intensities (latent, manifest, and violent), depending on the extent to which they involve challenges to state authority. The approach is briefly illustrated through the changing securitisation gaps in the Republic of Lebanon during the 2019–20 ‘October Uprising’.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Lenuta Giukin
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Evolution Of Consciousness ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
State Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Republic

This introduction offers an overall framework for the eight articles in this issue of the Journal of European Studies, which focus on Romanian identity and consciousness. It looks at the general history of Romania and the Republic of Moldova to show the evolution of consciousness over a century, since the formation of ‘Great Romania’ in 1918 to the present day. Aspects such as collective memory, migration, the change in the role of women, the crisis of the contemporary state, education and religion, as well as an overall crisis of patriarchy within a globalized context are discussed based on the analysis offered by the authors in their articles.

scholarly journals Imunitas Hukum Bagi Notaris Yang Membuka Rahasia Jabatan

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Rita Permanasari ◽  
Akhmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Law Regulation

ABSTRAKKetentuan Pasal 4 dan Pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf f Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris mewajibkan notaris untuk menjaga kerahasiaan segala sesuatu mengenai akta yang dibuatnya dan segala keterangan yang diperoleh guna pembuatan akta sesuai dengan sumpah janji jabatan kecuali undang-undang menentukan lain. Kemungkinan terhadap pelanggaran kewajiban tersebut berdasarkan Pasal 16 ayat (11) Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris, seorang notaris dapat dikenai sanksi berupa teguran lisan sampai dengan pemberhentian dengan tidak hormat. Terlebih lagi dengan adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia dengan Nomor: 49/PUU–X/2012 memutuskan telah meniadakan atau mengakhiri kewenangan Majelis Pengawas Daerah (MPD) yang tercantum dalam Pasal 66 ayat (1) UUJN membuat notaris seakan-akan tidak ada perlindungan hukum bagi notaris dalam menjalankan tugas jabatannya. Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (INI) harus berusaha menjalankan peranan pembinaan dan perlindungan meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan para notaris. Demikian juga menjalin hubungan dengan para penegak hukum lainnya, agar penegak hukum lainnya yang ada hubungan dengan notaris dapat memahami kedudukan notaris sesuai UUJN.Berangkat dari pemikiran inilah kewajiban ingkar notaris masih tetap dipertahankan oleh pembuat undang-undang dalam revisi Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris Tahun 2014 yang merupakan konfigurasi kekuatan perlindungan terhadap profesi dan jabatan notaris dari sisi politik.Kata Kunci : Jabatan Notaris, Hak Ingkar, Perlindungan Hukum.ABSTRACTThe provisions of Article 4 and Article 16 paragraph (1) sub-paragraph f of the Notary's Office Law require a notary to maintain the confidentiality of all matters concerning the deeds it has made and all the information obtained for the deed in accordance with the oath of pledge of office except the law otherwise. The possibility of breach of such obligation under Article 16 paragraph (11) of Notary Law Regulation, a notary public may be subject to sanctions in the form of oral reprimands until dismissal with disrespect. Moreover, with the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia with the number : 49 /PUU-X/2012 deciding to have canceled or terminated the authority of the Regional Supervisory Board (MPD) listed in Article 66 paragraph (1) UUJN made a notary as if there was no legal protection for a notary in performing duties. The Indonesian Notary Bond (INI) should endeavor to undertake the role of guidance and protection to increase the knowledge, abilities and skills of the notaries. Likewise establish relationships with other law enforcers, so that other law enforcement who has relationship with the notary can understand the position of notary under the UUJN.Departing from this thought the obligation of notarization is still maintained by the lawmakers in the revision of the Law Regulation of Position Notary on Year 2014 which is the configuration of the strength of the protection of the profession and the notary's position from the political side.Keyword : Position of Notary, Right of Remedy, Legal Protection.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KONSUMEN PENGGUNA PRODUK MASKER SHISEIDO YANG MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA ASING (STUDI TERHADAP KEMASAN SHISEIDO DALAM BAHASA JEPANG DI WILAYAH TANGERANG)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Rini Yarti ◽  
A.M Tri Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Trade Regulation ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

An imported product to be traded into the territory of Indonesia must include an Indonesian language label in accordance with established regulations, the regulation is regulated in Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Minister of Trade Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 73 / M-DAG / PER / 9/2015 concerning Label Inclusion In Indonesian in Goods. Every product introduced to consumers must be accompanied by correct information. This information is needed so that consumers do not have a wrong picture of the product. This information can be submitted in various ways, one of which is by including an Indonesian translation label on the foreign language label listed on the product packaging. Information on product packaging labels is very necessary for the community so that each individual can correctly determine the choice before buying and consuming the product. In fact there are still many producers who are not responsible for selling cosmetic products that do not meet the requirements. Cosmetic products that do not meet these requirements can be found easily in malls, in traditional markets, or through the internet. The role of the state in this case the government is needed to protect consumers from the circulation of products that do not meet the requirements. So legal protection for consumers is needed to increase awareness of the rights as consumers.

Capital Yerevan during the years of the RA independence (1991-2018)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edik Minasyan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sister Cities

The work presents a complete scientific research on the history of Yerevan in the period of the Third Republic of Armenia (1991-2018). The analysis of the materials of the RA National Archive, various press and other relevant literature shows the process of the establishment of the RA independent statehood, the socio-political, socio-economic-cultural life of Yerevan, the role of capital in the administrative-political system of the republic, its comprehensive assistance to Artsakh, foreign relations, including sister cities, international organizations and structures. The book is addressed to historians, political scientists, those interested in Yerevan’s history, and wide range of readers in general. (in Armenian).

scholarly journals EMANSIPASI PEREMPUAN DALAM RANAH DOMESTIK PADA NOVEL �LITTLE WOMAN� KARYA LOUISA MAY ALCOTT

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bella Saputri Indrapuri ◽  
Eggy Fajar Andalas
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Louisa May Alcott ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
General Description ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh peran ganda perempuan yang harus pintar membagi� waktu antara keluarga dan pekerjaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Temuan hasil penelitian terungkap bahwa : 1. Gambaran umum peran ganda pada perempuan yaitu peran sebagai ibu rumah tangga. 2. Kendala yang dirasakan perempuan dalam menjalankan semua perannya berasal dari internal dan eksternal. Kendala internal yaitu lelah fisik, lelah mental. dan kendala eksternal yaitu adanya keterbatasan waktu. 3. Dampak yang terjadi dalam menjalankan peran gandanya berdampak positif dan negatif. Dampak positif nya bisa membantu perekonimian keluarga adanya kerja sama antara ibu dan anak dalam menyelesaikan tugas rumah.KATA KUNCI: kehidupan keluarga, peran ganda perempuan.��ABSTRAC: This research is motivated by the dual role of women who must be smart in dividing the time between family and work. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings of the research revealed that : 1) A general description of the dual role of women, namely the role of housewives. 2) The constrains felt by women in carrying out all their roles came from internal and external. Internal constraints namely pysical fatigue, mental fatigue. And external constraints, namely the limitation of time. 3) The impact that accurs in carrying out its dual role has a positive and negative impact the positive impact can help the family economy with cooperation between mother and child in completing homework.KEYWORDS: family life, the dual role of women.

scholarly journals Female images in the movies of the 2010s about the World War I

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Ivanovna Tribunskikh ◽  
Daria Chuprasova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World War I ◽  
Western Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Tv Shows

The subject of this research is the yet poorly studied topic of representation of the female images in military media sources, namely movies and TV series of the 2010s. The choice of sources is substantiated by the new approaches towards delivery of information, new characters and patterns that correspond to the modern media trends; as well as by a wide range of projects timed to the centenary of the World War I. The key tasks of this article lie in determination of the role of women and characteristics of female images in a number of movies and TV shows of the 2010s about the World War I. The author carries out a comparative analysis of reflection of the Western and Russian cinematography associated with the representations on the gender hierarchy that is seen through interaction between men and women in the material under review. The article reveals the main patterns that are most commonly used for describing the role of women in war. The conclusion is made that a certain variety of female images that have recently appeared in cinematography indicates the interest of historians and researchers dealing with memory, gender, media and visual culture. The comparative analysis of sources demonstrated that the representation of female images in movies of the 2010s about the World War I reflects a certain difference in the officially broadcasted sociocultural and ideological perception of women and their role characteristic to modern Russian and Western society. The Russian movies are oriented towards expressing the official state concept of traditional values and women's affiliation to family and the country; while Western movies create the images typical for their cultural reality, which do not neglect the role of wives and mothers, however allow the heroines to transcend family interests.

scholarly journals Patriarki Sebagai Akar Diskriminasi Gender di Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu Setyawan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Cultural Factor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Role Of Religion

In the last few decades, women in Sri Lanka still face social inequality. This paper highlights that patriarchy as a socio-cultural factor is very dominant in gender discrimination in the country. Among them is the role of religion which has created the root of male tendency to dominance. As a result, women become a marginalized group, including in politics and work. This disparity has in fact been rooted from the family level, where the role of women in various matters in this small scope is very limited.

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