Civilization challenges to global economic development

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Maksym A. Zhyvko ◽  
Andriy R. Zastavnyy ◽  
Oleh V. Ivashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Religious Differences

The geospace stratification substantiate and its spatial differences reveal based on the analysis of the economic growth dynamics. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the slowdown in economic growth confirmed and its negative consequences for the investment sphere clarified, because the ability of countries to respond adequately to these processes is different. It has been determined that under the globalization influence, the world acts as a single whole, and the core of developed countries and the periphery is formed as well as local civilizations are transformed. Attention focuses on the research of the values problems that determine the state of society development. The research of the essential characteristics of civilizations carried out and the ideas of the main European civilizational schools characterized. Based on M. Rokeach’s concept, the features that characterize values are determined. It confirmed the values that dominate in society are the main element of culture. The model for measuring the cultural variability of the cross-cultural plane, which was developed by the Dutch psychologist G. Hofstede, is detailed, and the influence of cultural characteristics on the new economy formation is analyzed. The «World Values Survey» study has been assessed. It confirmed that, due to the impossibility of full-fledged self-realization of the individual, migration processes activated and their analysis shows a tendency towards growth. It substantiated that in the modern world the questions about the nature of the socio-cultural integrity of civilizations and civilizational ecumene, associated with religious differences and demographic processes, remain unresolved. An assessment of the demographic situation in the world carried out and its growing dynamics and regional asymmetries clarified. A spatial analysis of the distribution of countries in the global space with dominant religions carried out and the main trends in the world religions development revealed. The role of strengthening the intangible component in the structure of modern economic reproduction argues. It confirmed that the potential of the countries and the world development as a whole takes place in the process of deepening cross-civilization-integration processes. The main civilizational challenges of global economic development are formulated, they are formed under the multi-vector processes in the world, including: spatial asymmetry of countries’ development, universalization of values, socio-cultural differences, ethnic problems, religious differences, demographic and migration processes.

scholarly journals COMPETITION AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE WORLD EXPERIENCE AND UKRAINIAN REALITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (8) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliі SHCHERBAK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Active Cluster ◽  
The Impact

The views of M. Porter on the importance of competition as a factor of economic development are analyzed. The policy of deregulation carried out by developed countries in recent decades was studied; its successes and limitations are noted. It is shown that implementation of the reform in Australia, aimed at development of competition, led to a significant improvement in economic indicators and increase in the living standard of the population. The OECD Toolkit for assessing the impact on competition has been analyzed. The Toolkit contains the methodology for identifying unnecessary restrictions on competition and developing the alternative measures to achieve the objectives. The state of competitive environment in Ukraine is researched. It is shown that restriction of competition and inequalities of its conditions significantly inhibit economic development. The reasons for rapid growth of Ukraine’s economy in 2000-2008 are analyzed. It is substantiated that one of the most important factors was the strengthening of internal competition as a result of reforms carried out in the 1990s. At the same time, the weakening of competition from the second half of the 2000s led to a decrease in competitiveness. The need for systematic work aimed at eliminating the anticompetitive norms from domestic legislation is substantiated. This work should be based on the OECD Toolkit to assess the impact on competition. It is emphasized that it is necessary to use only those tools that promote competition when implementing the policy. The necessity of active cluster support is substantiated.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM ARE UNDER ACT OF FACTORS OF GLOBALIZATION

2021 ◽  
pp. Olena-GOLOVNYA
Author(s):  
Olena GOLOVNYA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

The impact of globalization on the socio-economic development of the world and Ukraine is traced. The negative consequences of the process of globalization have been that it has become a huge challenge for humanity. According to the author, the biggest threats to the modern world include: the flow of excessive information, which often turns into information attacks; international terrorism, which threatens international tourism and the safe socio-economic development of many countries; negative natural phenomena in the form of climatic cataclysms and others. It has been studied that, in addition to the negative economic consequences, globalization can have an antisocial character. Globalization is actually destroying space and widening distances. Today, the key factor in overcoming the epidemic is social distance, the isolation of the individual. Quarantine is diametrically opposed to the «open society» that globalization and integration advocated at the time. It is determined that international tourism is a consequence of globalization processes is a form of international movement of human resources, has a mass character and is one of the leading highly profitable and most dynamic sectors of the world economy. It is revealed that globalization provides an opportunity for the development of various types of tourism, including professional and business, cultural, sports, medical, health tourism. In particular, health tourism is one of the important factors in shaping the country’s social security by strengthening the health of the population, replenishing the state budget, and attracting foreign investment in joint medical projects. To create a positive medical image of the country, the governments of many countries develop national programs for the development of medical tourism and allocate funds for its establishment. An important goal of international tourism is professional and business travel and «business tourism», among which the leading place is occupied by trips to international fairs and exhibitions. In the process of analysis on these issues used general scientific methods: historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, comparative, grouping, etc.

scholarly journals THE BASIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GREEN ECONOMY MODEL IN THE BUSINESS PROCESSES OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (167) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
S. Burlutska ◽  
D. Krasovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Management System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The World

At present, the totality of global environmental and economic threats and challenges has put the world economic science in front of the need to find a new way of developing the world economy. The new model of economic growth must satisfy two main criteria: firstly, to find a qualitatively new direction of growth, and secondly, to ensure the preservation and improvement of the quality of the environment for human life, that is, to ensure new economic growth without negative consequences for the environment. Many modern scientists see the solution of these problems in a relatively new direction in the economy, which has existed for just over 30 years - the "green" economy. Their opinion is shared by leading politicians and civil servants of the world's economic powers. The directions of the "green" economy system are considered: introduction of renewable energy sources; improvement of the waste management system; improvement of the water resources management system; development of "clean" transport; organic farming in agriculture; energy efficiency in housing and communal services; conservation and effective management of ecosystems. As a result of the analysis, key ones were identified directions in which the green economy is moving, systematized basic support tools that divided into price and non-price, in more detail characterized by price with the separation of financial tools that experts focus on international organizations for sustainable development. The main elements of the state are defined green growth strategies and analyzed the situation harmonization of the influence of developed countries on the development of "green" economy. An understanding of the essence and description of the goals of "green" technologies is proposed, which implies work not with the consequences, but with the causes of environmental problems. Considered the "green" experience of developed countries and global companies. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that the concept of a "green" economy is an innovative development project, but to achieve sustainability it is necessary to use the experience of other companies. One of the main problems was noticed, this is the use of pseudo environmental friendliness by companies for their own commercial purposes.

scholarly journals Currency liberalization and its impact on the economy of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Valentyna Harkavenko ◽  
◽  
Galina Yershova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact

Examining the transformation of financial relations in Ukraine, in the previous article the authors analyzed the impact of foreign capital on the economic development of this country’s economy and found that its concentration in certain economic activities contributed to consolidating its raw material orientation. The authors conclude that due to the distorted model of Ukraine's economic development, successful practices of developed countries to attract foreign investment and reform the financial sector are ineffective in this country’s economy. Continuing the study of the transformations of financial relations in Ukraine, which are taking place under the influence of the approximation of domestic legislation to European standards, the authors could not leave aside the question of impact of the liberalization of currency legislation on the economy. Given that currency liberalization significantly affects the behavior of foreign investors, the authors conducted an in-depth analysis of legislative changes in the financial sector, and described the main results of their implementation. The positive and negative consequences of currency liberalization in Ukraine for business entities and the economy in general are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the risks associated with the liberalization of operations related to the movement of capital and the behavior of non-residents in the financial market of Ukraine. It is concluded that Ukraine’s economy with its distorted development model belongs to the financially and institutionally weak ones, hence is not presently ready to liberalize its monetary relations, which could only deepen the deformations and reduce resilience to macroeconomic imbalances.

scholarly journals The Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth

Economics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Mariam Dzebisashvili Mariam Dzebisashvili
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
English Word ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Twentieth century for the world economy is associated with a range of processes that involve a broader scope. The important issue in the order is at stake and at the same time the internationalization stage - Globalization. It discusses the developmental processes of the world in the socio-economic context. We are globalized as an accelerating factor. In addition to the destruction, it also contributes to modernization. The English word "globe" means Globe, while "global" - the world. Globalization -the modern English word is to make changes in the world economy and society. More precisely, the globalization of the economy is one of the components of globalization that includes several aspects: • Liberalization of Economics; • Development of trade; • Integration of countries in the modern world community; • To increase the service market; • Make investments. Globalization is a major influence on the economy of all countries. It deals with the process of creation of goods and services, the use of force, investing in "physical" capital, technologies and their spread to other countries. In the end, everything is expressed in the production and labor efficiency. The article-"The Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth" deals with the modern actual issues of globalization and its impact on the national economy. According to the author’s explanation, the globalization is the process of formation the world as an economic, technological, political and cultural entity through conditions of maintaining the statehood and national identity of the concrete countries. Globalization has the objective as well as the subjective features. That’s why the globalization includes unprecedented possibilities for development of human society as so as it threats of its existence. The positive results have been achieved only when any exposures of abuse are excluded and all decisions are received as a result of common consensus. The other trends of globalization might be ended with disaster. Globalization influences all sectors of national economy, including unemployment. In the article into detailed form are discussed the positive and negative sides of influence that globalization has on the national state and economy. In Summary, it seems that globalization involves both the development of human society and its unseen possibilities of the threat of existence. Thus, it becomes necessary in the process of globalization proper management, or implementation of fair globalization. The greatest contribution to this belongs to the leader (big) states. It is on their decisions that globalization does not depend on fate. Key words: Globalization; national economy; unemployment; international labor market.

scholarly journals THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL REGULATION IN INCREASING EFFICIENCY IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Nurlan Hajizade Nurlan Hajizade
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Definition Of

One of the important vectors of economic development in the modern world is the minimization of the negative consequences of human economic and other activities. Therefore, highly developed countries impose mandatory and voluntary requirements on the development of products and implement a series of measures. Necessary regulatory activities of the state in this direction include the definition of mandatory requirements, their proper implementation and the application of sanctions. All these processes are carried out through technical regulation. It is important to apply technical regulation in every sector of the economy. This importance plays a special role in the energy sector, which is closely linked to all sectors of the economy, and differs even more. In this regard, the role and importance of technical regulation in increasing the efficiency of the energy sector in the research work is highlighted.

scholarly journals TRENDS RESEARCH OF THE INFORMATION ECONOMY BASED ON GLOBAL INTERNATIONAL INDICES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiia Morozova ◽  
◽  
Tetyana Novikova ◽  
Timur Malafeyev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Product ◽  
Information Economy ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the uneven development of the information economy based on an analysis of the ICT development index in order to identify innovative growth at the national, regional, and global levels. The aim of the work is to develop a set of models for the analysis of the dynamics of the information economy, which makes it possible to determine the stages of the information economy development, groups of countries according to the level of ICT development, and to assess the factors impact of ICT development on the economic growth rate. The work considered the set of information indicators for assessing the level of the information economy development and analyzed development trends of the information economy by macro-region; developed a country profile model for ICT development and built a model for measuring the impact of ICT development on economic growth. Special empirical measures – international indices – are used to determine the extent of the impact of informatization on the countries’ development. All the indicators used in the work form the basis of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development Index. This suggests that the ICT index is a universal tool for comparing world economies. Research has been carried out based on neural network modelling techniques, in particular the Kohonen network and econometric methods and models. The article discusses the use of ICT to analyze the information economy at the macroeconomic level to measure the impact of ICT on the gross national product. The author’s concept of research on the impact of ICT on the gross national product of the countries of the world has been developed. The author’s concept scheme consists of two blocks. The first block consists of the construction of country groupings based on the level of ICT development. Based on the Kohonen networks, the countries have been clustered according to the level of development of information and communication technologies, which will make it possible to compare the world economies and to highlight priority and problem areas in the implementation of ICT. The second block is to study the influence level of the ICT development index on countries' GDP using econometric models of macroeconomic indicators. The relationship between ICT and GDP has been confirmed. The simulation found that the potential for increasing GDP through ICT was greater for developing countries than for developed countries because for developed countries ICT using was routine and necessary. The impact of further ICT development in developed countries is such that, with an increase of 1% in ICT use, GDP increases by 0.6 %. For developing countries, however, the opposite is true. An increase of 1 % in the rate of ICT increases GDP by 1.2 % on average, i.e., such countries have the potential to develop and meet the targets of developed countries. The findings and results of the study can be used by policymakers and enterprises to ensure better ICT outcomes, which in turn can promote sustainable economic and social development, both in certain countries and globally.

scholarly journals Problems of destandardization and precarization of labor in the context of globalization-americanization-deglobalization of the world economy in the XXI century

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Arseienko
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Digital Capitalism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the analysis of the content, essence and social consequences of the transformation of employment in industrially developed countries after the Second World War in the context of globalization - americanization - deglobalization of the world economy. The author pays great attention to exposing the modern mythologization of the digitalization of labor and labor relations in the countries of the global North in order to cover up the true essence of various forms of non-standard work, which has become widespread in the modern world-system within the framework of digital capitalism. At the center of the study and research of the problems of destandardization and precarization of labor in the world of digital capitalism is the digitalization of the world of work and labor relations and the impact of the digital economy on the situation of workers in Western countries, especially in the United States, which has become a role model throughout the world, including the countries with "economies in transition". The author draws special attention to the fact that the introduction of non-standard employment into economic practice in the West was caused by the transition of economically developed countries to the new social structures of accumulation by means of withdrawal, that is, by reducing labor costs within the framework of the neoliberal economy. Based on the study and analysis of foreign sources, the author concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a trigger to the exacerbation of the current systemic crisis of global capitalism, which puts on the agenda the need to search for and implement new, fairer and more humane forms of world order under the slogans of the social movement of alterglobalists "People are higher than profits!" and "Another world is possible!"

scholarly journals A Case Study on Applicability of Intellectual Property Rights to the Traditional Medical Systems of Asia and Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dr. Pradipta Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Today with an ever increasing population, and the recent Pandemic of COVID-19 still in force throughout the world, agricultural innovation is getting vital in order to increase the productivity and secure the global food supply but agriculture research and development is always a costly affair and while previously it was undertaken mainly by public sector, today the private sector is adopting the work of Research & Development specifically in the area of biotechnology. Thereafter we see that in the modern world in both the developed and developing countries use of herbal medicines, phytonutrients and nutraceuticals are expanding rapidly as many persons are resorting to these products for treatment of various health problems within various national healthcare settings but many of these products have remained untested and their use are also not monitored which has caused problems in acquiring proper knowledge of the adverse effects of these medicines and therapies used, creating safety related issues for the persons who are using them along with causing obstacles in proper promotion of these products and methods throughout the world. Intellectual Property (IP) refers to the creations of mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names and images and these are protected by laws like Patents, Copyrights, trademarks etc, which enable people to earn recognition or financial benefits from what they invent or create. Previously machines were considered for invention or artistic creations and were protected by the Intellectual Property Rights and the assignment of IPRs to living things is relatively a recent phenomenon in the developed countries but today agriculture is seen as an industry that cannot survive without research, development and investments. This situation made it necessary to extend protections of IPRs in all its forms to the agriculture sector also. Then we see that recently not only Ayurveda of India but also other Traditional medical systems of Africa and South America has also started getting recognitions throughout the world as a rationale system of medicine and so it is absolutely necessary to understand the concept, rules, regulations, present status, controlling authorities of Intellectual Property Rights to protect and promote the ideas about these types of treatments and medicines and make them acceptable throughout the world without any constraints for the development of the developing and underdeveloped countries of the Asia, Africa and South American continents . In this paper we will study the impact of Intellectual Property Rights on the traditional medical treatment systems of continents of Asia, Africa and will try to examine how Intellectual Property Rights can be applied to protect and increase the production of medicines developed from medicinal herbs in the developing and underdeveloped countries of Asia and African countries along with a special reference to India. This study has been casual, exploratory and empirical in nature and the data needed for research work has been collected by using both direct and indirect methods of data collection..

scholarly journals The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth and Innovation in an Economy in Developed European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Anna Pluskota
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Theoretical background: The article explores the relationship between corruption and innovation in an economy and between corruption and economic growth. The multi-faceted and complex nature of corruption means that the impact of corruption on innovation and economic growth is unidirectional. There are arguments in the literature for both positive and negative effects of corruption on macroeconomic fiures. Most empirical research confirms the linear negative impact of corruption on economic growth. These results are the opposite of theoretical arguments that there may be both positive and negative consequences of corruption. Purpose of the article: The research aim is to analyse the theoretical aspects of the impact of corruption on selected macroeconomic variables. This goal was achieved by analysing the most signifiant arguments describing the relationships between chosen variables. Based on the literature analysis, research hypotheses were developed, and they were verifid in an empirical study. The results were analysed in the discussion section. Research methods: The study is based on a set of data on economically developed countries in Europe from 1996 to 2017. The empirical study was conducted using basic statistical measures – descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient, whereas econometric models were based on the GMM system (Generalized Method of Moments). Main findings: The results of this research show that the relationships between corruption and the measure of innovation, and corruption and economic growth are not linear. They take the form of a parabola. This means that the influence of corruption on innovation and economic growth is not the same for all levels of the corruption indicator. The relationship between corruption and economic growth is specific enough to show that a low level of corruption is economically justified from the point of view of empirical research. This is possible because corruption solves other economic problems, such as bureaucracy, which limits development. Corruption will support economic growth if the state does not work properly.</p>

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