scholarly journals On the Impact of Brazil's Largest Recent Oil Spill on Regional Oceans

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana de Figueiredo Mendes ◽  
Patrícia Pinheiro Beck Eichler ◽  
Tatiana Leite ◽  
Ana Beatriz Alves Bennemann ◽  
Clara de Souza Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Impact

In 2019, an oil spill in Brazil, of unknown origin, severely impacted coastal environs with the worst environmental disaster ever recorded in any tropical coastal region globally severely damaging South Pirangi Reef area in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Here we discuss acute and chronic impacts including chemical contamination and economic consequences all over the world and show some evidence of the oil spill in this biodiverse area. Moreover, the lapse between the moment of the disaster, and the action to manage it, was hampered by a political agenda coinciding with local and global tragedies that redirected public attention. Meanwhile almost 2 years have passed still without the offending party identification or culpability; and poor communities may continue to absorb its deleterious impacts for decades without consideration or compensation. This disaster occurred during the Brazilian government’s current issues involving extensive environmental mismanagement, resulting in a slow response from an inept system. It is with urgent necessity to spotlight this tragedy in this unique and sensitive reef habitat experiencing the ongoing damaging effects that include socio-economic losses not yet addressed.

Potential population and economic consequences of sublethal injuries in the spiny lobster fishery of the Florida Keys

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Parsons ◽  
D. B. Eggleston
Keyword(s):  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
Lobster Fishery ◽  
Fishery Interactions ◽  
The Impact

Animals that interact with but are not retained by fishing gears may later die. The population and economic consequences of these sublethal fishery interactions are seldom known but may be significant. In the present study, a population model was used to quantify potential population and economic consequences of injuries that Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) sustain from fishing activities in the Florida Keys, USA. Injuries generated by the fishery are known to reduce growth and elevate mortality. Simulation modelling results indicated that injuries may reduce adult lobster abundance and associated landings by ≥50% in areas with high recreational fishing effort. When simulated injuries were ~20 times lower (representing areas with lower fishing effort), these injuries were only responsible for a 5 and 8% reduction in the adult lobster population and commercial landings respectively. Important parameters within the model (growth, time in stage and mortality of injured lobsters) were altered by ±10% to assess model sensitivity. Final results changed <10% (with the exception of one 15% change), suggesting that model output was relatively insensitive to variation in key parameters. When the impact of sublethal injuries was applied to the entire spiny lobster fishery in the Florida Keys, adult stock biomass and annual commercial landings were reduced by 900 and 160 t (US$1.6 million) respectively. These results suggest that sublethal fishery interactions can lead to high population and economic losses, and highlight the need to incorporate sublethal injuries into stock assessments and economic models.

Economic Impact of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 Outbreak in Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUO ABE ◽  
SHIGEKI YAMAMOTO ◽  
KUNIHIRO SHINAGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
The Impact

We estimated the economic impact of an outbreak of foodborne diseases occurring from elementary school lunches in 1996 in which 268 persons in Iwate prefecture, Japan were infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7. This study assessed the impact of direct economic losses and indirect economic consequences due to this outbreak. The economic impact of the outbreak was estimated to be about 82,686,000 yen. The laboratory costs, about 21,204,000 yen, showed the highest ratio of the total cost of this outbreak (about 26%). Also, the cost of foodstuffs that were not purchased during the suspension of the lunch service (about 19%), personnel expenses paid to lunch service employees (about 17%), human illness costs (about 15%), and the repair costs of facilities (about 15%) showed up as a high ratio in the total cost, respectively. Because all patients were children, the productivity losses estimated were low as children were considered as dependants with no income. Instead, we estimated the lost income of the mothers of the children. The source of the contamination could not be identified. Therefore, no food industries suffered any setbacks where certain food items could not be used for daily consumption due to the outbreak.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC DRASTICALLY ON THE ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN- DEEP INSIGHTS FOR POLICYMAKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Safdar Hussain ◽  
Abdul Saboor ◽  
Shahzada M. Naeem Nawaz ◽  
Zubair Khalid Saleemi ◽  
Majid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Desk Review

Abstract Purpose of the study: This article aims to examine the economic consequences of the unprecedented crisis of COVID-19 across Pakistan's sectors. To date, the second phase of COVID-19 is underway, and the economic losses of the industries and the recovery plan are still underdeveloped. Methodology: This study is qualitative based. Mix method and desk review approaches are used to analyse the impact of covid-19 on the different sectors of Pakistan Main Findings: The review revealed that the pandemic had a range of negative impacts on domestic, foreign trade, health care, education, and tourism, but had a positive effect on the environment and the agriculture sector. Applications of this study: This study can be effective for the researcher to an immediate need to study each sector's economic insights further to improve crisis management policy. Novelty/Originality of this study: this research contributes to the covid-19 pandemic in the different sectors of Pakistan. It also offers insights into how policymakers should build policies.

scholarly journals Economic component in the causes and consequences of emergencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Olegovich Trush ◽  
Dmytro Anatoliiovich Gorovyi
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – to elucidate the «economic nature» of an emergencies, to expand the list of reasons for the formation and consequences of the emergencies, taking into account the economic component, and to provide a description of their interrelation in this process. Design/Method/Approach. This work evaluates and summarizes studies that provide economic characteristics and assess the causes and consequences of a emergencies. Findings. An analysis of previous studies on emergencies pointed to a limited focus on economic issues associated. In this paper, the authors substantiated the feasibility and proposed to highlight the economic component in the  management of prevention of emergencies,  in the management of minimizing negative consequences and to consider this component in the classification of types of emergencies. This work focuses on the causal link between economic costs for the prevention, elimination and elimination of the effects of emergencies (economic losses) in the emergency management system. The examples have proved that all of the emergency preceding processes are economical, that emergency actions are limited to an economic factor, and that emergency situations can have economic consequences. An economic component can be both a cause and a consequence of an emergency. At the same time, the economic causes of emergencies directly affect only the economic consequences (inflation - impoverishment of the population), and their impact on the remaining consequences - indirect, due to the impact of other factors-consequences. Theoretical implications. This research identifies a new classification group "economic circumstances" in the classification of types of emergencies for the causes of the emergence and spheres of manifestation of the consequences. Practical implications. The isolation and systematization of the economic component of emergencies allows us to take into account the economic factor in the development of appropriate prevention algorithms, actions in emergencies or actions to eliminate the negative effects of these events. Originality/Value. The originality of the work is to illustrate the connection between the cause of emergencies and each of its manifestations with the help of the fan matrix. This approach has allowed a clearer outline and a clear indication of the causal relationship in the processes associated with the emergency situation. For example, a causal relationship with the types of emergencies based on the economic component is illustrated with the aid of a fan matrix. Research limitations/Future research. This research is the basis for further improvement of approaches to the estimation of economic indicators of emergencies taking into account the proposed classification groups of types of emergencies. Paper type – theoretical.

Impacts of Major Offshore Oil Spill Incidents on Petroleum Industry and Regional Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Dahi Taleghani ◽  
Mayank Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
The Impact

Disasters such as offshore oil spills will have a significant negative impact on occupations, incomes, tariffs, and further profits, adding to the struggles of regional area held up in difficulty. Such a broad size of impact can more impair the functioning of the economy of the district. In addition to costs encountered by cleanup activities, industries and individuals dependent on coastal resources can experience huge economic losses. Many other related businesses and sectors can possibly hurt by disruptions and loss of earnings. To better understand different aspects of the problem, we explain the problem through a case study for recent incident in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH) on April 20, 2010, the worst oil spill disaster in the history of the U.S. start off the coastline of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico. We have conducted study to focus on the positive impact of economic compensation on Gulf coast employment and wages. Regardless of estimates of main job losses resulting from the oil spill, we estimated that Louisiana experienced a net rise in employment and wages. Input–output (I-O) model will be applied in this study to approximate the economic compensation created by economic injection due to the Deepwater Horizon accident. Then, we can estimate the gross damages to the Louisiana economy. More importantly, the final results should provide useful information on measuring the economic impact of any future large-scale disasters and for how companies must react to minimize the economic impact of events. One positive side that will come out of the oil spill is the spotlight on the need for new and developed prevention and response strategies to this kind of major disasters. The analysis of losses in the employment and earnings in Louisiana in the aftermath of accidents in petroleum industry makes to know the importance and significance of the oil and gas sector as a powerful economic machine that provides a wide range of opportunity for the state. It is no surprise how remarkable is the influence of oil and gas industry on the income of the state workers and the output of the state. Therefore, having approximation of the impact helps to facilitate strong recovery and to prevent potential harm to the related industry.

The Role of Threat and Economic Uncertainty in Support for Scottish Independence

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kopasker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support

Existing research has consistently shown that perceptions of the potential economic consequences of Scottish independence are vital to levels of support for constitutional change. This paper attempts to investigate the mechanism by which expectations of the economic consequences of independence are formed. A hypothesised causal micro-level mechanism is tested that relates constitutional preferences to the existing skill investments of the individual. Evidence is presented that larger skill investments are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving economic threats from independence. Additionally, greater perceived threat results in lower support for independence. The impact of uncertainty on both positive and negative economic expectations is also examined. While uncertainty has little effect on negative expectations, it significantly reduces the likelihood of those with positive expectations supporting independence. Overall, it appears that a general economy-wide threat is most significant, and it is conjectured that this stems a lack of information on macroeconomic governance credentials.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ECONOMIC SUPPORT OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
E. V. DMITRIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Security System ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crisis Situations

The article considers topical issues of economic support for the development of the regional security system of the population against various risks. The dependence of the impact of the scale of crisis situations on economic activities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which become a serious barrier to the sustainable development of the regions of the country, was investigated. The increasing importance of risks of economic losses from accidents and disasters at potentially dangerous facilities as a result of the complex influence of natural, manmade and fire factors has been established. An analysis was carried out and proposals were developed to implement the key tasks of the state in the field of ensuring the protection of the population and territories of the country from disasters in order to ensure the stability of the economy. The organizational structure, division of tasks and functions between officials, crisis management structures and responding units were analyzed, taking into account the reduction in current financial costs. On the basis of a study of the peculiarities of the regions of the country, recommendations were formed to fulfill the necessary tasks by the anti-crisis management bodies in the field of reducing economic damage on the basis of preventing crisis situations and ensuring fire safety. It is proposed to organize the practical application of a complex automated security system based on modern developments with the application of improving the qualities and efficiency of anti-crisis management processes in order to increase economic efficiency. Initial data were formed to reduce potential threats of a natural, man-made, fire and other nature in the regions using financial and economic mechanisms. It is proposed to implement a set of priority measures to further improve and increase the potential of economic support for the anti-crisis management system. The materials of the article can be used in planning the main directions of the development of the regional population security system and the implementation of socio-economic development programs.

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

scholarly journals Development of the Circular Bioeconomy: Drivers and Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Maximilian Kardung ◽  
Kutay Cingiz ◽  
Ortwin Costenoble ◽  
Roel Delahaye ◽  
Wim Heijman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The EU’s 2018 Bioeconomy Strategy Update and the European Green Deal recently confirmed that the bioeconomy is high on the political agenda in Europe. Here, we propose a conceptual analysis framework for quantifying and analyzing the development of the EU bioeconomy. The bioeconomy has several related concepts (e.g., bio-based economy, green economy, and circular economy) and there are clear synergies between these concepts, especially between the bioeconomy and circular economy concepts. Analyzing the driving factors provides important information for monitoring activities. We first derive the scope of the bioeconomy framework in terms of bioeconomy sectors and products to be involved, the needed geographical coverage and resolution, and time period. Furthermore, we outline a set of indicators linked to the objectives of the EU’s bioeconomy strategy. In our framework, measuring developments will, in particular, focus on the bio-based sectors within the bioeconomy as biomass and food production is already monitored. The selected indicators commit to the EU Bioeconomy Strategy objectives and conform with findings from previous studies and stakeholder consultation. Additionally, several new indicators have been suggested and they are related to measuring the impact of changes in supply, demand drivers, resource availability, and policies on sustainability goals.

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