scholarly journals RURAL AREAS: THE ESSENCE OF THE CATEGORY AND INDICATORS OF ITS EVALUATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-227
Author(s):  
Daryna KOSTIUCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Security Indicators

The article deals with the scientific-theoretical approaches of scientists to the definition of “rural territories”. It is stated that the formulation will depend on the assessment of rural areas as a platform for economic, social, environmental, etc. development, methodological approaches to the diagnosis of its condition and the choice of management technologies to form an effective mechanism for rural development. The legal base on the interpretation of the concept of "rural territory" is analyzed and the assumption is made regarding the maximum population of the village. Based on the elaborated sources, the author defines the author's definition of the category "rural territories" as a complex, dynamic, open socio-ecological-economic system. As a result of the considered components of the complex analysis of the state of rural territories, the algorithm of study of rural territories and the main indicators characterizing the level of development of social infrastructure, the main blocks of integrated assessment of rural territories are identified. status and analysis of financial security. Indicators, indices and criteria by which scientists evaluate the level of rural development are analyzed. It has been established that a GDP index should be present in the development of a rural development index, but a set of indicators related to the individual and the environment should play a major role. The author proposes indicators that should be included in the integrated indicator of rural development, which are grouped into four components: economic, environmental, social and demographic. It is assumed that this approach will provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the phenomena and processes occurring in rural areas; will identify attractors of their development; identify areas that can be corrected and change the rural development masters.

scholarly journals Sustainable Geographical Changes in Rural Areas: Key Paths, Orientations and Limits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Angel Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Rural Studies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rural Restructuring ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Rurality

Rural differentiation processes have formed the backbone of rural studies. Owing to the strength of rural–urban and local–global relationships, the theoretical approaches to rural restructuring in the Anglo-Saxon world and new rurality in Latin America only have a limited capacity to explain contemporary global phenomena of rural spaces. Due to this, transverse theoretical and methodological approaches have emerged to explain social, environmental and spatial (rural) processes. Here, a new approach is proposed called the individual–global field, based on the individual–global binary category to substitute the traditional relevance of the locality–community–globality association This new approach tries to reinvigorate rural geography in a more flexible way, based on minor theory, to adapt to all the phenomena that can occur globally. In any case, various spatial planes are proposed, dominated by specific socioeconomic processes on which the rural individual would move.

Methodological approaches to analysis of rural territories’ development in terms of decentralization

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Nataliia Khomiuk ◽  
Nataliya Pavlikha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The purpose of the article is to reveal methodological approaches to analysis of the development of rural territories in Ukraine. The authors note that the complex analysis and evaluation of the results of rural areas’ development is an integral part of formation and implementation of the strategy of diversification of rural territories’ development in Ukraine. The paper emphasizes that the availability of analytical information on the state of development of rural territories is a prerequisite for making grounded decisions on diversification of rural territories in the regions of Ukraine and improving the quality of life of rural population. The methodical approaches to the analysis of territories’ development have been considered. The paper proves that the definition of the peculiarities of social, economic and ecological development of rural territories makes it possible to elaborate effective practical recommendations for the diversification of the development of a separate rural consolidated community. A methodology for analyzing the development of rural territories in Ukraine has been developed. It covers the consistent implementation of the following stages: the assessment of the development of rural territories in Ukraine, the diagnosis of rural territories in the region, the characteristics of the preconditions for diversification of rural consolidated communities, the modeling and development of strategic directions of diversification of rural territories in conditions of decentralization, monitoring of changes in the development of rural territories and control over the implementation of the goals of diversification of rural territories in terms of decentralization. The application of the proposed methodological approaches to the analysis of the development of rural territories in the context of the implementation of the decentralization reform can serve as the basis for making informed decisions regarding the strategy of diversification of rural territories, increasing the competitiveness of rural consolidated communities. This is possible on the basis of the diagnosis of rural development and the identification of priority areas for economic activity for each of them, which should be the ground for implementation of modern regional policy in the context of decentralization of authorities.

Mobbing in the in learning space: Causes and Preventive Measures

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M.S. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Significant Characteristic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The articlereveals psychological causes and preventive measures of the emergence mobbing in the educational environment. Phenomenon of the mobbing as a form of psychological violence in relations between the group and the individual.The article reveals the phenomenon of the mobbing as a form of psychological violence in relations between the group and the individual. Theoretical approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of mobbing and its forms. Psychological causes and legal aspects and preventive measures of mobbing in the educational environment. Mobbing and described it as «psychological terror», which includes the systematic recurrence of hostile and unethical behavior of one or more people, directed against another person. According to experts, the most significant characteristic of the phenomenon of mobbing is that it is determined onlywhen there are multiple, but systematic, regular repetitions in behavior and attitude.

scholarly journals Study of Sociality as a Personal Characteristic of a Leader: Construction of a Questionnaire and its Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
T.I. Bogacheva
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article discusses theoretical approaches to understanding sociality as a personal characteristic. The author’s definition of the concept of “sociability” is proposed, which is understood as a personality property that characterizes the degree of its involvement in the social microenvironment, due to the psychoemotional stability of the individual and manifested in his adaptive and perceptual-interactive skills. The author’s psychodiagnostic technique for measuring sociality as a personal characteristic is presented. A distinctive feature of this technique lies in the simplicity of the diagnostic procedure, in the ability to identify not only the current level of development of sociality, but also to determine the features of its structure in the subject. The article describes the main psychometric characteristics of the technique: constructive and convergent validity, discriminativeness, reliability, representativeness. In order to determine the convergent validity, a correlation was established between the scales of the author’s methodology and the methodology for diagnosing perceptual-interactive competence, as well as the VSC questionnaire («self-control» scale). The proposed author’s psychodiagnostic tools can be used to solve academic and applied problems in the field of personality psychology, developmental psychology, educational psychology, leadership psychology, organizational psychology and other areas of psychological science to determine the current level of development of sociality of the researcher at the age of 14 to 25 years.

scholarly journals Financial security of the individual as a constituent of improving remuneration at the enterprise

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Nadiia Kalinichuk
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Security Indicators

Introduction. Remuneration is a determinant of raising the standard of living of employees, their purchasing power, and, consequently, economic progress in general. Therefore, improving the mechanism of its formation is a problem for the activity of both economic entities and the state. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to find ways to improve the formation of payments at the enterprise. Methods. Methods of abstraction, analysis, idealization, systematization, institutional analysis were used. Results. The article analyzes the financial security indicators of a person, namely the amount of remuneration (determines the quantity and quality of goods that can be purchased), the savings of the employee (their availability and the amount that indicates the remaining funds after spending on their needs), structure income (as an indicator that the employee does not need to look for extra work), the structure of costs (the low share of wages is indicated by the low share of education costs, satisfaction of cultural needs). The article identifies its major threats. These include the tax burden (no progressive income tax rate, which causes the budget to be filled by low-income people), the mechanism of the subsistence level (set of consumer basket, determining its value), unemployment (loss of income source (low), poor) a wage level below the subsistence level). It is emphasized that wages are not only an element of costs that should be minimized, but also their importance for the standard of living of the employee, the development of the enterprise and the state as a whole. The directions of optimization of the mechanism of formation of remuneration at enterprises with the consideration of raising the standard of living have been determined. Discussion. When determining the amount of remuneration, consider such an indicator as a person’s financial security (PFS). We include factors that influence its functioning, entities and objects, the structure of the PFS security mechanism, the definition of its purpose, objectives, principles on which it will be built, as well as the interaction of the organizational and security mechanisms.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (3) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Adamowicz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Area Development ◽  
The Eu

The objective of the study, on the basis of problem literature, is the presentation of theoretical concepts referring to rural development and practical support programmes of these areas available in Poland and the European Union (EU). In this context, rural areas are presented as the reference area for development policies, with particular consideration for the Cohesion Policy (CP), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), including the EU Rural Area Development Programme (RADP). Among the theoretical rural development concepts, particular attention was devoted to sustainable and balanced development forming the basis for shaping practical development programmes and identifying new theoretical approaches. The latter encompassed the smart rural areas concept, the resilience concept, local development programming, bottom-up endogenous development and the neo-endogenous concept of open development. It was concluded that the LEADER and LEADER+ neo-endogenous concept is an effective form of supporting rural area development, especially after the fifth extension of the EU with Central and Eastern European countries.

scholarly journals The priorities of rural development in EU countries in years 2007–2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sadowski ◽  
W. Czubak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
The Individual

The diversified level of agricultural development and directions of evolution of rural areas in the individual EU countries results in complex and diversified problems for the agricultural policy. That was a basic reason of giving a relatively great freedom to the individual member states to choose measures within the individual axes of the Rural Development Programmes. The allocation of expenses to the individual measures Member States should ensure that synergies among the economic, environmental and social aspects and, by assumption, it is supposed to reflect the priorities of rural development. The analysis of the allocation of expenses within the national rural development programmes will indicate similarities and differences of the use of the CAP support in the regional aspect. The main goal of the paper was to determine the priorities of rural development in the individual EU member states. As results from the analysis the specific character of the individual programmes corresponded to the level of development of the individual countries and the needs of the agribusiness and rural areas resulting from that level. The diversification concerning the directions of use of the assets from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development resulted from the different wealth of the societies and rural communities in the individual countries.  

scholarly journals New Assessment of Development Status among the People Living in Rural Areas: an Alternative Approach for Rural Vitality

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Costică Mihai ◽  
Simona-Roxana Ulman ◽  
Mihaela David
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Status ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

In the process of development, the rural areas meet a wide range of economic, environmental and social challenges. This study theoretically discusses the concept of rural development and attempts to evaluate the development status among the people living in rural areas. In this scope, we propose the personal rural development index (PRDI), which is composed to, on one hand, an individual dimension and, on the other hand, a community one, related to different aspects of rural vitality. In this regard, three socio-economic components, namely economy, education – including a sub-dimension regarding culture, and health – with an environment sub-dimension were considered. These dimensions are influenced by the rural activities, especially the agricultural ones, that generates, nearby the economic results, as main objective for the individual or economic agent, also a set of economic, social or environmental externalities, from the category of public goods and of which both the stable and transitional residents of the area benefit. So, the complexity of the personal rural development index is high, aiming to put into light both individual and public components. The data used was obtained through a survey applied in seven rural communities from the North-East Region of Romania.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF RURAL AREAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Maciej Stawicki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The aim of the work is to make a synthetic review of definitions of regional and local development in economic terms in relation to rural development. Rural development is a topic often taken up in scientific research by sociologists, geographers and economists, but it is not defined in a specific way, and is usually understood as development in relation to rural areas. Therefore, the paper presents an overview of various approaches to local development and regional development, using the method of literature studies. The work has reviewed many approaches, features and definitions of socio-economic development as well as regional and local development, which also refer to rural areas and finally proposed a place for rural development in regional and local development.

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