scholarly journals Desain Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Mahrus Mahrus
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Teacher Resources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
Religious Material

Design can be formulated as a deliberate process of thinking, planning and selecting the parts, techniques, and procedures that set a goal. Challenges to Islamic religious education include a moral crisis and a personality crisis. Therefore, Islamic religious education is required to be able to equip students with the moral, personality, quality and maturity of life to live a multi-cultural nation life, which is currently hit by an economic crisis in order to livepeacefully in the world community.In an effort to develop an Islamic education curriculum to overcome various challenges and problems, it is necessary to pay attention to several aspects including strategies, methods, materials, Islamic religious teacher resources, facilities, teaching media and supporting instruments.Taking into account the demands of the globalization era of Islamic religious education in madrasas and public schools, it is necessary to implement several strategies, including: First, perfecting the religious education curriculum so that the subject matter reaches a proportional and functional composition but does not burden students. Second, combining religious material with character education materials such as PPKn or other related subjects can also erode thedichotomy of knowledge. Third, creating a religious condition in the school environment

scholarly journals Islamic Religious Education in Contemporary Austrian Society: Muslim Teachers Dealing with Controversial Contemporary Topics

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Mehmet H. Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Austrian Society ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject

Muslims in Austria have, since 1982/83, had the unique privilege of providing Islamic religious education in secular public schools, including primary, middle and secondary schools. As well as opportunities, this privilege brings responsibilities and challenges to the Muslim community. Since its beginnings, Islamic religious education in Austria has, among other things, been especially characterized by the heterogeneity and diversity of its participants, as well as the general diversity in society and the secular context of public schools. In this context, theoretical discussions about the orientation of and justification for Islamic religious education in secular public schools suggest that for both teachers and the subject itself, an awareness, appreciation and inclusion of diversity, dialogue, multi-perspectivity and reflexivity is required. The empirical study on the professionalization of Islamic religious education, drawn on in this article, is based on Muslim teachers’ own perspectives and experiences. The research findings of that study show how Muslims become Islamic religious education teachers, how Muslim teachers see their roles in secular public schools, how they teach and approach Islam or Islamic topics, what the challenges of teaching Islamic education in public schools are, and other related topics. This article (re-)analyzes used and unused data from the study and focuses on how diversity and controversial topics can be approached in the context of Islamic religious education.

Religious Culture Dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum PAI

AKADEMIKA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-289
Author(s):  
Nur Iftitahul Husniyah
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Level

At a practical level, the atmosphere of religious culture could be established through activities that encourage cultural diversity in the school / madrassa, among others: firstly, conducting routine activities, namely the development of cultural diversity regularly taking place in the days of learning at school; secondly, creating a conducive school environment that becomes a laboratory for the delivery of religious education, so that the environment and the process of life for the students really can provide education about how to be religious; thirdly, not only is the Islamic religious education formally presented by teachers of religion with the subject matter of religion in a learning process, but it can also be done outside the learning process in their daily lives; fourthly, creating religious situations or circumstances; fifthly, allowing students to express themselves, develop their talents, interests and creativity of Islamic religious education in various skills and arts. Sixthly, organizing various religious competitions. Fostering cultural diversity in schools / madrassa that should be taken into acount is that the phenomenon of the praxis of worship and prayers conducted in an educational environment instead of being solely conducted ritually. The issue of moral destruction can not be solved by simply praying or just reading the scriptures. In addition, religious education in public schools in particular is in need of attitudes and perspectives of teachers to be open, inclusive, and capable of promoting dialogue and mutual understanding amid cultural and religous diversity in the school environment. For the writer, the Islamic religious education is an education that teaches universally good values and can be received by the plurality of community in the school environment.

scholarly journals Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Through Cultivating Religious Culture in Smp 21 Malang City

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Fitrotul Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Religious Activities

The purpose of Islamic Education in public schools is not only to make students understand Islamic teachings, but also to make students carry out these teachings in daily life. It is on this basis that the research focused on the implementation of Islamic Education through planting religious culture in Middle School 21 Malang. This study aims to: 1) describe the implementation of Islamic Education in State Junior High School 21 Malang 2) describe the efforts to cultivate religious culture in State Junior High School 21 Malang and 3) describe the supporting and inhibiting factors in cultivating religious culture in State Junior High School 21 Malang. The researcher observed the implementation of Islamic Education through planting religious culture using observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that 1) Islamic religious education is carried out based on the curriculum established by the Ministry of Education and Culture 2) the implementation of Islamic Education through planting religious culture through various types of religious activities carried out outside of school hours and creating environmental designs which reflects the religious atmosphere by installing Islamic displays in certain places in the school environment 3) Factors supporting the cultivation of religious culture are principals, students, teachers and employees, and parents. While the inhibiting factor is the lack of examples from the teacher and the leader, diversity in giving sanctions in the event of a violation and differences in the background of the parents which have an impact on the failure of the cultivation of religious culture at home. تهدف هذه المقالة وصف تنفيذ التعليم الإسلامي ، والجهود المبذولة لزراعة الثقافة الدينية ، فضلاً عن دعم وتثبيط العوامل في غرس الثقافة الدينية في المدرسة المتوسطة الحكومية الحادية والعشرين بمدينة مالانج ، والغرض من التعليم الإسلامي في المدارس العامة ليس فقط جعل الطلاب يفهمون التعاليم الإسلامية ، ولكن أيضا لجعل الطلاب تنفيذ هذه التعاليم في الحياة اليومية. على هذا الأساس يركز البحث على تطبيق التربية الإسلامية من خلال زراعة الثقافة الدينية في مدرسة مالانج المتوسطة 21. ولاحظ الباحث تنفيذ التعليم الإسلامي من خلال زراعة الثقافة الدينية باستخدام الملاحظة والمقابلات والتوثيق. تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن 1) التعليم الديني الإسلامي يتم على أساس المنهج الذي وضعته وزارة التربية والتعليم والثقافة 2) تنفيذ التعليم الإسلامي من خلال زراعة الثقافة الدينية من خلال أنواع مختلفة من الأنشطة الدينية التي تتم خارج ساعات الدوام المدرسي وخلق التصاميم البيئية. مما يعكس الجو الديني من خلال تثبيت العروض الإسلامية في أماكن معينة في البيئة المدرسية. 3) العوامل الداعمة لزراعة الثقافة الدينية هي المبادئ والطلاب والمعلمين والموظفين ووادي الطلاب. في حين أن العامل المثبط هو عدم وجود أمثلة من المعلم والقائد ، والتنوع في إعطاء العقوبات في حالة حدوث انتهاك والاختلافات في خلفية الوالدين التي لها تأثير على فشل زراعة الثقافة الدينية في المنزل. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan Pendidikan Agama Islam, upaya-upaya penanaman budaya religius, serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam penanaman budaya religius di SMP Negeri 21 Malang. Tujuan Pendidikan Agama Islam di sekolah umum tidak hanya untuk menjadikan siswa mengerti tentang ajaran Islam, tetapi juga untuk menjadikan siswa melaksanakan ajaran tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Atas dasar inilah penelitian difokuskan pada implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui penanaman budaya religius di SMP Negeri 21 Malang. Peneliti mengobservasi Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui penanaman budaya religius menggunakan pengamatan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1) Pendidikan Agama Islam dilaksanakan dengan berpedoman pada kurikulum yang telah ditetapkan oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 2) implementasi dari Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui penanaman budaya religius dilakukan melalui berbagai jenis kegiatan keagamaan yang dilaksanakan di luar jam pelajaran serta menciptakan desain lingkungan yang mencerminkan suasana religius dengan memasang pajangan Islami di tempat tertentu di lingkungan sekolah 3) Faktor pendukung upaya penanaman budaya religius adalah kepala sekolah, peserta didik, guru dan karyawan, serta orang tua. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah kurangnya teladan dari guru dan pimpinan, keanekaragaman dalam pemberian sanksi jika terjadi pelanggaran serta perbedaan latar belakang orang tua yang berimbas pada tidak berjalannya penanaman budaya religius di rumah.

scholarly journals Curriculum Development, Islamic Religious Education, Islamic Elementary School AL Azhar

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piki Hilman Maas
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Mission School ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

The Islamic Education curriculum is one of the important components to create a generation of morality and martyrs. But the Islamic Religious Education curriculum has been considered only to educate cognitive aspects (transfer of knowladge) and has not touched many affective and psychomotor aspects (transfer of value). This is evident from the many students who have not been able to apply knowledge about their religion such as not performing worship well, speaking harshly and disrespectfully, disrespecting parents and teachers and a group of students who are often in shopping centers and crowds. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an Islamic Education curriculum that accommodates cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects, so that education is not only a transfer of knowladge but also a transfer of value. Islamic Education curriculum development in this study contains the understanding of the expansion or improvement of the subject matter of the Islamic Religious Education curriculum and what is experienced by students or all efforts (engineering) programmed by Al Islam Azhar 36 Bandung in helping develop the potential of students through learning experience the potential to achieve the vision, mission, school goals. 

scholarly journals Development of Islamic Education Curriculum Model Curriculum 2013 (K13)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Dwi Noviatul Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Model Curriculum ◽  
Curriculum Model ◽  
Study Techniques

The development of an Islamic religious education curriculum (PAI) is an activity to produce a PAI curriculum and a process that links one component to another to create a better Islamic education curriculum (PAI). The curriculum component must consist of at least four parts, namely objectives, contents, processes, and assessments. This study discusses in depth the development of the curriculum in the Indonesian curriculum for the 2013 Curriculum model. This study aims to determine the extent to which the curriculum development curriculum for the 2013 curriculum model PAI. This study uses a literature review method. Data collection is done through documentation study techniques. The results of this study indicate that the curriculum development of the 2013 curriculum in the PAI is very significant, oriented towards realizing character education, creating education with local insight and creating a cheerful and friendly culture. Pengembangan kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) adalah kegiatan menghasilkan kurikulum PAI, dan proses yang mengkaitkan satu komponen dengan komponen yang lainya untuk menghasilkan kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam (PAI) yang lebih baik. Komponen kurikulum setidaknya harus terdiri dari empat komponen yaitu tujuan, isi, proses dan penilaian. Penelitian ini membahas secara mendalam mengenai pengembangan kurikulum PAI model Kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana  pengembangan kurikulum PAI model Kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan  pengembangan kurikulum PAI Kurikulum 2013 pada ranah ini sangat signifikan, yang berorientasi pada mewujudkan pendidikan berkarakter, menciptakan pendidikan berwawasan lokal serta menciptakan pendidikan yang ceria dan bersahabat.

scholarly journals Konsep Pendidikan Islam Pada Remaja di Era Disrupsi Dalam Mengatasi Krisis Moral

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Burhan Nudin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
The Times

<p><em><strong>The development of technology and globalization directly or directly can affect the moral development of adolescents in the millennial era. In the millennial era humans began to abandon the conventional ways of living their lives and were replaced by lifestyles. Today's modernization lifestyle which is a trend has a positive impact as well as a very large negative impact. The aims of this study are to determine Islamic education role in children, especially among adolescents, to overcome the moral crisis that is happening in society. This study uses descriptive analytical method to discuss the subject with the Library Research technique. The results indicate that religious education has a central role in tackling and preventing moral decline in adolescents in the disruption era. Changes in the teaching approach and the concept of education must be changed to keep pace with the times. The concept of religious teaching must be shifted, namely by utilizing developing technology and increasing the propagation institutions such as TPA and Majelis Ta'lim around the community and the condition that is as per the way of life of every locale.</strong></em></p>

scholarly journals Integrasi Moderasi Beragama dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Suprapto Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
General Science ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Islamic Movement

AbstractIn the midst of the strengthening of the discourse on character education, religious moderation, and countering religious radicalism and terrorism, the study of Islamic religious education in public schools based on Islamic boarding schools is interesting to do. In this context, various problems arise related to the material and content of the Islamic religious education curriculum (PAI). Education under pesantren is no longer directed at the mastery of religious knowledge but also general science. This of course has an impact on shifting curriculum content and its implementation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach based on empirical phenomena. Data were collected through interviews, involved observations, questionnaires, documentation, and literature review. This research produces a model for implementing religious moderation education through the development of the PAI curriculum to present a moderate Islamic movement among students that teaches: (1) building tolerance among different groups of students, both outside Islam and within Islam; (2) spreading peace in their social environment; (3) prioritizing interfaith dialogue and (4) instilling openness with outside parties and 4) rejecting hate speech (hoaxes) both inside and outside schools. This study recommends the importance of teaching and practicing religious moderation among students to present moderate Islamic movements and habituation of noble morals. AbstrakDi tengah menguatnya wacana pendidikan karakter, moderasi beragama, serta penanggulangan radikalisme dan terorisme bernunsa agama, kajian pendidikan agama Islam di sekolah umum berbasis pondok pesantren menarik untuk dilakukan. Dalam konteks ini muncul berbagai masalah terkait dengan materi dan muatan kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam (PAI). Pendidikan di bawah pesantren tidak lagi diarahkan pada penguasaan ilmu agama saja melainkan juga ilmu umum, Hal ini tentu berdampak pada pergeseran muatan kurikulum dan implementasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskritif berdasarkan fenomena empirik. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengamatan terlibat, angket, dokumentasi, dan kajian pustaka. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model penyelenggaraan pendidikan moderasi beragama melalui pengembangan kurikulum PAI untuk menghadirkan gerakan Islam moderat di kalangan peserta didik yang mengajarkan: (1) membangun toleransi di antara kelompok peserta didik yang berbeda, baik di luar Islam maupun di dalam Islam; (2) menebarkan perdamaian di lingkungan sosialnya; (3) mengedepankan dialog antar agama dan (4) menanamkan sikap keterbukaan dengan fihak luar dan 4) menolak ujaran kebencian (hoax) baik didalam dan luar sekolah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya mengajarkan dan mengamalkan moderasi beragama di kalangan peserta didik untuk menghadirkan gerakan Islam moderat dan pembiasaan berakhlak mulia.

scholarly journals Implementasi Kurikulum dan Strategi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada PAUD

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zul Fa
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Curriculum Implementation ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Childhood Education

Kurikulum merupakan bagian integral dari pendidikan. Kurikulum juga merupakan media untuk menumbuhkan nilai-nilai agama pada anak-anak, terutama di bidang pendidikan anak usia dini (usia 0-6 tahun). Fokus utama dari penelitian ini adalah beberapa Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) di Kota Salatiga dan Kabupaten Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh suatu tujuan, faktual, akurat dan sistematis proses pelaksanaan kurikulum pendidikan Islam dan strategi yang diterapkan pada objek penelitian. Data dikumpulkan dengan beberapa metode yaitu observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Kemudian data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelaksanaan kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam di PAUD di Salatiga dan kabupaten Semarang sudah mengacu pada standar di Permendiknas Nomor 58 tahun 2009. Beberapa dari mereka belum mengacu patokan dasar pemerintah. Mereka juga melakukan pengembangan yang sesuai dengan karakteristik masing-masing lembaga. Bahan pendidikan agama Islam yang diberikan cocok dengan tahap perkembangan peserta didik. Materi tersebut disampaikan melalui bercerita, bercakap-cakap, tugas, Iqro ', simulasi dan praktek. Curriculum is an integral part of education. The curriculum is also a medium to cultivate of religious values in children,especially in early childhood education (ages 0-6 years). The main focus of this study is some early childhood education in Salatiga and Semarang district. This study is aimed to gain an objective, factual, accurate and systematic of curriculum implementation process of Islamic education and its strategies that applied in the research object. The data is collected by several methods namely, observation, documentation and interviews. Then the gathered data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative approach. The results indicate the implementation of Islamic religious education curriculum in early childhood education in Salatiga and Semarang districts already refers to the standards in Permendiknas No. 58 of 2009. Some of them have not referring to the government's basic benchmark. They also undertake the development which is appropriate with the characteristics of each institution. The materials of Islamic religious education is given suited with stage of learners’ development. It is delivered by storytelling, chatting, assignments, Iqro ', simulation and practice. Kata kunci: implementasi, kurikulum pendidikan Islam, strategi

scholarly journals POTRET PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH UMUM

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Abd. Rouf
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Credit Hours ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Optimal Implementation

<p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia:</strong></p><p>Praktik pendidikan agama Islam di sekolah (umum) amatlah minim atau kurang maksimal. Secara umum, jumlah jam pelajaran agama di sekolah rata-rata 2 jam per minggu. Dengan alokasi waktu seperti itu, jelas tidak mungkin untuk membekali peserta didik dengan pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan agama yang memadai. Oleh karena itu, harus dilakukan strategi alternatif dalam memenuhi kebutuhan peserta didik akan pendidikan agama di sekolah umum, antara lain: melalui kegiatan ekstra kurikuler berbasis keruhanian, tambahan-tambahan materi kegamaan di luar jam pelajaran, menyisipkan muatan keagamaan kedalam semua bidang studi umum, dan lain sebagainya. Sumber daya guru agama Islam juga perlu terus ditingkatkan kualitasnya, baik dari segi content maupun metodologi. Di samping itu, proses pelaksanaan pendidikan agama Islam harus selalu dilaksanakan dengan baik dan maksimal. Evaluasinya tidak cukup hanya menilai aspek kognitif siswa, tetapi harus juga melihat dan menilai aspek afektif dan psikomotoriknya. Ketiga domain (kognitif, afektif, psikomotorik) pendidikan agama Islam harus dilihat dalam pelaksanaan penilaian, sehingga bersifat komprehensif.</p><p> </p><p><strong>English:</strong></p><p>Islamic education subject in secular school is quite minimal in its duration. Generally, it takes only two credit hours per week in such kind of school. Due to the time allocation, it is clearly impossible to hand down student standard religious knowledge, attitude, and skills. Therefore, the school needs to find an alternative way to respond the needs of standard religious education in secular schools. Some of the implemented strategies are the religious extra-curricular program, extra hours for the subject, and integrated the religious messages in non-religious subjects. Religious teaching staff must also be upgraded in terms of the quality, either the subject matter enrichment or the instructional process. In addition, the instructional process needs optimal implementation. The evaluation should cover the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor areas. The three previously mentioned domain in Islamic education subject must be carefully and comprehensively assessed.</p>

scholarly journals Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Islam Inklusif : Studi Tentang Inklusivitas Islam Sebagai Pijakan Pengembangan Pendidikan Islam Inklusif

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnomo Purnomo ◽  
Putri Irma Solikhah
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Truth Claims

The paradigm shift in the inclusive Islamic education curriculum is an essential part of Presidential Decree No. 7 of 2021. There is a tendency for religious learning to be normative-indoctrinative and lead to truth claims, raising suspicions that religious education contributes to the generation of extreme views. PPIM UIN Jakarta research shows that the PAI curriculum is still ambiguous on the issue of tolerance, and there is a tendency for PAI teachers to have an intolerance opinion towards minorities by 34%, and towards adherents of other religions by 29%. This study discusses the concept of inclusive education in Islam, the urgency of inclusive Islamic education, and the paradigm shift from exclusive to inclusive. This research is a literature study with a rationalistic approach. Data analysis uses reflective thinking logically to interpret the inclusive values of Islamic education and reflect them into strategic steps to answer the challenge of exclusivity. This study shows that Islam carries an inclusive spirit characterized by terminologies such as at-ta'arruf, at-tasammuh, at-tawassuth, and at-ta'awun. The urgency of inclusive Islamic education is intended so that the character of inclusive Islam is truly taught in learning. To change the paradigm of Islamic education from exclusive to inclusive, improvements are needed in curriculum elements, educators, and learning strategies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document