scholarly journals THE WORLD EXPERIENCE OF FUNCTIONING OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FOOD SECURITY MECHANISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Gelena Pruntseva
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Security Mechanism ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Access

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze foreign experience of the formation of an effective regulatory framework in the field of ensuring of an efficient organizational and economic food security mechanism. Methodology of research. In the process of analysis general scientific methods were used, namely: bibliographic - for analysis and systematization of research works, historical - for studying historical experience of legal base formation, statistical - for studying dynamics of researched processes change, comparative - for estimation of efficiency of food security mechanism in different countries, graphical - to clearly reflect the existing dynamics between the analyzed indicators, abstract-logical – in formulating conclusions and recommendations. Findings. It is established that the efficiency of the organizational and economic mechanism of food security is influenced by both the level of income and specific state policy in the field of food security, which should take into account both climatic conditions and resources, sectoral orientation of regions, traditional specifics of food production and international standards of quality and safety of food products, WTO requirements and other standards. It is proved that the effectiveness of the organizational and economic mechanism of food security depends on the direct impact of state measures on the agri-food sector, socio-economic system and food security, as well as the indirect impact of incentives and multiplier effect. It is analysed of the functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of food security in the leading countries of the world and found that in highly developed countries there is an effective policy to ensure the effective functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of food security, which includes measures to support agricultural production and domestic market to ensure the high quality of food and their availability, the so-called "farm to fork" programs. Originality. The dependence of malnutrition on the level of development of countries is determined and the main elements of the organizational and economic mechanism of food security in the leading countries of the world are singled out. Practical value. The identified instruments of the organizational and economic food security mechanism of highly developed countries will allow to reform the national food security system in order to ensure economic and physical access of all citizen groups to healthy food. Key words: food security; agricultural production; price; agricultural products; hunger; prevalence of malnutrition.

scholarly journals The timing of agricultural production in hazard-prone areas to prevent losses at peak-risk periods: A case of Malawi, Madagascar and Mozambique

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandri Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Hazard-prone areas in southern Africa experience many natural hazards, which include cyclones, floods and droughts. The severe climatic conditions of southern Africa have an especially large impact on the agricultural practices of small-scale farmers. These hazards should be mitigated to ensure more resilient communities and food security. This study mainly focuses on the timing of agricultural production in hazard-prone areas to prevent losses at peak-risk periods by adapting the agricultural cycle. This study focuses on the agricultural activities of small-scale farmers in Malawi, Madagascar and Mozambique. A literature review is presented, and a mixed-method research design were followed to determine the timing of production followed by these small-scale farmers and its impact on production and food security. Although this study found that the small-scale farmers generally plant with the first rains, it is recommended by literature that early planting should be practised to ensure optimal production. It is also recommended that small-scale farmers should implement watermanagement techniques for dry periods, and when farmers practice late planting, the use of residual-moisture retention should be utilised as a mitigation measure. This will in effect ensure that the communities are less vulnerable during peak-risk periods by improving or ensuring food security. Therefore, adapting the planting and production time in these hazardprone areas at peak-risk periods could limit losses and increase communities’ resilience.

Hunger, Food Security, and the African Land Grab

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schiffman
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
The Past ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World

If you were organizing dinner parties for the world, you would need to put out 219,000 more place settings every night than you had the night before. That is how fast the Earth's population is growing. But global agricultural production is currently failing to keep pace. A June 2012 report by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) sees trouble looming ahead, warning that “land and water resources are now much more stressed than in the past and are becoming scarcer.”

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE PROCESSES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: FOREIGN ASPECT

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries

Regulation of scientific and technical progress is the most important block of an economic mechanism in the developed countries now. In article organizational and economic bases of innovative processes in agriculture of the leading economies of the world are formulated. The main directions in development of scientific and technical progress are allocated. The conclusion is drawn that as shows studying of foreign experience, improvement of the innovative mechanism at a separate stage not necessarily increases effectiveness of process in general. If the valuable funda-mental ideas aren't used for development of new technological processes, and new technologies don't turn into goods of social demand or find only very narrow application in local spheres, then the capacity of the NTP this direction is practically not implemented for consumer demand.

scholarly journals USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITES: A REVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Getachew Bekele Fereja
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Small Scale

A major benefit of agricultural research and technology is that the purchasing power of the poor increases, because both average incomes and access to staple food products are improved. The use of biotechnology will lead to a distinct shift in the economic returns from livestock. Livestock production currently accounts for about 43% of the gross value of agricultural production. In developed countries livestock accounts for more than half of agricultural production, while in developing countries the share is about one-third. This latter share, however, is rising quickly because of rapid increases in livestock production resulting from population growth, urbanization, changes in lifestyles and dietary habits and increasing disposable incomes. Therefore the objective of this review paper was to investigate the use of biotechnology in animal production and productivities. Biotechnology is regarded as a means to the rapid increase in agricultural production through addressing the production constraints of small-scale or resource-poor farmers who contribute more than 70% of the food produced in developing countries. Agricultural biotechnology as the solution to the problem of global food insecurity has also been reviewed by Soetan. Agricultural biotechnology has the potential to address some of the problems of developing countries like food insecurity, unfavorable environmental and climatic conditions etc mentioned above and also improve agricultural productivity.

Promising Areas for Ensuring Food Security in the Region (on the example of the Far East)

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
M.S. Oborin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

In the current political and economic situation in the Russian Federation, due to the need for rapid development of import substitution in the food sector, agriculture has become one of the priority sectors of the Russian economy. In the context of sanctions restrictions, food security as an essential component of the country’s national security depends entirely on the level of agricultural development. The problems and features of agricultural production development in regions with difficult natural and climatic conditions are relevant, since additional investments and the introduction of innovative technologies that reduce the impact of negative factors are required there. The article discusses the trends and prospects of ensuring food security of the Far Eastern Federal District. This direction includes the physical availability of food for the population of all subjects of the district, the necessary volumes and quality of food, its positive impact on the health of the population. Indicators of agricultural production in the district and its features in the regions are considered. The main problem of regions with unfavorable climatic conditions remains insufficient production of various types of products. The necessary directions for improving food security are systematic state support and strategic cooperation with neighboring regions at the inter-sectoral and inter-municipal levels.

The National and International Importance of Drought and Salinity Effects on Agricultural Production

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR McWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Drought Prediction ◽  
The World ◽  
International Importance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

This review examines the impact of drought and salinity on agricultural production in both the semi- arid and humid regions of the world. The frequency and nature of drought events and some recent approaches to drought prediction are discussed along with the distribution of salinity and the various factors leading to its occurrence under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Strategies to minimize the impact of drought and salinity on the rural community and on the stability of land resources have been developed largely in high-income countries. However, because of the high cost, little has been done in the developing world where extensive areas of valuable land are deteriorating, representing a serious threat to food security.

scholarly journals Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan after the peak of the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 03024
Author(s):  
Bakhodir Sultanov ◽  
Lochinbek Amirov ◽  
Mavluda Askarova ◽  
Barna Rakhmankulova ◽  
Maftuna Tosheva
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
To Come

When studying the topic, the author analyzes the implementation of reforms and their impact on the development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Special attention is paid to the pandemic crisis that has affected all spheres of the economy and the life of the population. The importance of the actions taken by the state in relation to the improvement of the agricultural sector, not only through the production of agricultural raw materials, but also in other ways, is revealed. One of these ways is the production of products that can compete on the world market, the production of semi-finished products, and others. Methods of analysis, synthesis, grouping, observation, and deduction were used in the study of the material. Using these methods, the authors were able to come to a better conclusion, and make suitable conclusions and suggestions. In conclusion, the ways to improve the efficiency of agricultural production, through the introduction of resource-saving technologies, innovative technologies, and especially the removal of state attention to the agricultural sector, are revealed. The article also focuses on the state of agriculture during and after the pandemic, and compares it with other countries of the world. The authors made proposals that are most suitable for the development of agriculture, ensuring food security and independence of the population.

scholarly journals The Role of the Foreign Trade in Ensuring Food Sacurity in the Countries of the World: An Empirical Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Baryshnikova ◽  
Dorota Klimecka-Tatar ◽  
Olga Kiriliuk
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
International Division ◽  
The World ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
High Level

AbstractTrade in agricultural products is one of the most dynamically developing segments of the global market. The feature of the contemporary stage of world food trade development is that the leading exporters are also the largest food importers, combining the benefits of the international division of labor with the development of domestic agricultural production. In the paper, the role of foreign trade in ensuring food security has been evaluated by comparing the global index of food security and the share of imported food in the domestic market. As a result, the countries of the world have been divided into 4 groups. The first two groups include countries that ensure their citizens a high level of food security through imports, as well as or through their own efficient agricultural production. The third and fourth groups include countries which are not agrarian developed. The problems of hunger and malnutrition in these countries can potentially be solved with the help of foreign trade and increased efforts of the international community.

scholarly journals Role of Post-Harvest Physiology in Evolution of Transgenic Crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binny Sharma ◽  
Asha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Transgenic Crops ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Postharvest Losses

The increasing world population over few decades has led to increase in demand of food grains or agricultural commodities, thus possessing great impact on food security. Conventional farming approaches has been traditionally practiced but a lot of effort is required to make to enhance agricultural production. With changing climatic conditions plants are vulnerable to several stress factors. In order to combat such conditions, the agricultural systems are needed to be contemporary with advance and recent technologies. Crops after harvest are liable to a lot of changes which ultimately affect quality and quantity of produce, thus reducing economic value. Postharvest losses are decisive factors in reducing loss of produce and agricultural commodities. Thus in order to achieve maximum production, it is therefore essential to reduce postharvest losses and ensures proper management of postharvest products. Postharvest physiology is the science which deals with quantitative and qualitative study of physiology of agricultural products after harvesting. Biotechnological and transgenic approaches are the recent and emerging technologies that possess great impact on agricultural production. Transgenic technology like genome editing, CRISPR/Cas9, TILLING are successfully used in various species to enhance production, possess resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, enhance shelf life and improve nutritional quality. Transgenic crops or Genetically modified crops (GMO) like tomato, brinjal, soybean, cassava etc are cultivated globally. These techniques therefore are promising means in establishing food security, increasing crop production, reducing postharvest losses, production of secondary metabolites, hormones and plantibodies.

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