scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Carbapenem Based Nanohybrids as Antimicrobial Agents for Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-391
Author(s):  
Letitia Doina Duceac ◽  
Geta Mitrea ◽  
Elena Ariela Banu ◽  
Madalina Irina Ciuhodaru ◽  
Irina Mihaela Ciomaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

Carbapenem antibiotics resistance is a medical threat in antibacterial therapy as the pathogen resistant strains easily evolve a multi-drug resistance action to other incurable agents. The protective transport of current antibiotic molecules using nano-carriers initiates a huge approach in the antibacterial therapy, allowing the nanohybrids to defeat all these health threat pathogen agents. Chitosan is a linear cationic polysaccharide being often used in medical area as a biocompatible encapsulating agent in antibiotic delivery nanosystems. This work refers to encapsulation of imipenem into biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles in order to destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria and limit the microbial adhesion and multiplication. Nanoparticles were prepared by ion gelation method using tripolyphosphate as cross linking agent. The obtained hybrid nanocapsules were then characterized and evaluated as a potential nano-device to beat antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Fighting Antibiotic-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with “Sweet” Immune Targets

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Adamo ◽  
Immaculada Margarit
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Surface Polysaccharides ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Murine Monoclonal Antibodies

ABSTRACT Antibiotics and vaccines have greatly impacted human health in the last century by dramatically reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. The recent challenge posed by the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria could possibly be addressed by novel immune prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Among the newly threatening pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae is particularly worrisome in the nosocomial setting, and its surface polysaccharides are regarded as promising antigen candidates. The majority of Klebsiella carbapenem-resistant strains belong to the sequence type 158 (ST258) lineage, with two main clades expressing capsular polysaccharides CPS1 and CPS2. In a recent article, S. D. Kobayashi and colleagues (mBio 9:e00297-18, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00297-18) show that CPS2-specific IgGs render ST258 clade 2 bacteria more sensitive to human serum and phagocytic killing. E. Diago-Navarro et al. (mBio 9:e00091-18, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00091-18) generated two murine monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct glycotopes of CPS2 that presented functional activity against multiple ST258 strains. These complementary studies represent a step toward the control of this dangerous pathogen.

scholarly journals Strain diversity and antibiotic-sensitivity of staphylococcus spp. Isolates from patients of multiprofile pediatric hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
D. P. Gladin ◽  
A. R. Khairullina ◽  
A. M. Korolyuk ◽  
N. S. Kozlova ◽  
O. V. Ananyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background. Staphylocci are the leading pus-forming Gram-positive bacteria in the childrens hospitals. The prevalence of the antibiotic resistant strains among them limits therapeutic effects of infections in children. Aim. The research is aimed at characterizing the species of staphylococcus, which are isolated from the different clinical specimens of the patients at the clinics of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University in 2019, and analysis of their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Materials and metods. According to the clinical recommendations of 2018, susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) was revealed in 860 strains of staphylococci determined by the disc diffusion method, which were identified by the automated analyser Vitek-2 compact. Results. Six species of staphylococci were represented at the hospital departments, among which Staphylococcus epidermidis prevailed in the departments of the neonate pathology department and intensive care units (63.0% and 46.2% respectively), Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found at the departments of surgery and the departments of the therapeutic profiles (61.7% and 46.2% respectively). More than a half of the staphylococci strains (63.0%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial drugs. Vancomycin and line solid showed the highest activity to these staphylococci. High specific weight of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria (37.8%) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the phenotype (33.0%) was revealed. The level of antibiotic resistant strains was the highest in Staphylococcus haemolyticus (98.1%) and S. epidermidis (82.0%), while the specific weight of the resistant ones, MDR and XDR strains was extremely low among S. aureus (16.2%, 1.5% and 0.4 respectively), as well as in methicillin-resistant isolates (0.8%). Conclusions. A great variety of antibiotic resistance was revealed among the staphylococci. The prevalence of these strains in the pediatric hospitals requires constant local monitoring of the antibiotic resistant staphylococci.

scholarly journals Prevalence and distribution of antimicrobial resistance determinants ofEscherichia coliisolates obtained from meat in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishmael Festus Jaja ◽  
James Oguttu ◽  
Ezekiel Green ◽  
Voster Muchenje
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Standard Culture

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to characterise antibiotics resistance ofEscherichia coliisolates from the formal meat sector (FMS) and informal meat sectors (INMS).MethodA total of 162 and 102E. coliisolates from the FMS, and INMS respectively were isolated by standard culture-based, and biochemical reactions. The isolates were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disc diffusion method was used to screen for antimicrobial susceptibility against 19 different antibiotics. The presence of class 1-2 integrons in eachE. coliisolates was assessed usingandregions specific primers.ResultAmong the 19 antimicrobials, resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and nitrofurans were found to be more frequent than carbapenems and phenicol with a noticeable increase in the number of multi-drug resistance ranging from three to ten antimicrobials. A total of 20 resistance determinants were assessed with their prevalence and distributions obtained as follows for FMS and INMS respectively; [aminoglycosides:aadA(40.6%; 31.9%),aacC2(21.4%; 31%),aphA1(20.8%; 15.1%),aphA2(37.7%; 18.9%) andstrA(6.5%; 9.4%)], [β-lactams:ampC(20%; 45%),blaTEM, (4.4%; 13.3), andblaZ(8.9%; 2.2%)], [Chloramphenicol:catI(1.7%; 1.7%), andcmIA1(1.7%; 1.7%)] and [tetracyclines:tetA(7.7%; 15.4%),tetB(11.5%; 24%), andtetM, (1.9%; 8.7%)], and [sulfonamides: sul1 (22.2%; 26.7%), sul2 (17.8%; 6.7%)].ConclusionMultiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexes ranged from 0.2 - 0.5. The results reveal a high prevalence of multidrug-resistantE. coliisolates and resistance determinants suggesting that consumers and handlers of such meat are at risk of contracting antibiotic resistantE. coli-related foodborne disease.

scholarly journals Characterization of auto-agglutinating and non-typeable uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 465-472
Author(s):  
Ulises Hernández-Chiñas ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Ramos ◽  
Laura Belmont-Monroy ◽  
María E Chávez-Berrocal ◽  
Edgar González-Villalobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Disk Method

Introduction: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the main etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Association between different serotypes and UTIs is known, however, some strains are incapable to be serotyped. The aim of this work was to study bthe phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of 113 non-typeable (NT) and auto-agglutinating (AA) E. coli strains, isolated from UTIs in children and adults. Methodology: The 113 UPEC strains were analyzed by PCR assays using specific primers to determine their serogroups, fimH, papC, iutA, sat, hlyCA and cnf1, virulence associated genes, and chuA, yjaA and TSPE4.C2 for phylogroup determination. Additionally, the diffusion disk method was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance to 18 antimicrobial agents. Results: Using the PCR assay, 63% (71) of the strains were genotyped showing O25 and O75 as the most common serogroups. The virulence genes fimH (86%) and iutA (74%) were the most prevalent, in relation to the phylogroups the commensal (A and B1) and virulent (B2 and D) showed similar frequencies (P > 0.05). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed a high percentage (73%) of multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusions: The genotyping allowed identifying the serogroup in many of the strains that could not be typed by traditional serology. The strains carried virulence genes and were multidrug-resistant in both, commensal and virulent phylogroups. Our findings revealed that, in addition to the classical UPEC serogroups, there are pathogenic serogroups not reported yet.

scholarly journals Design, Overproduction and Purification of the Chimeric Phage Lysin MLTphg Fighting against Staphylococcus aureus

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1587
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Xiaohang Liu ◽  
Zhengyu Deng ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Xinyu Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Phage Lysin ◽  
Shed Light

With the increasing spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, it is of great importance to develop alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Here, we report the generation of a chimeric phage lysin, MLTphg, which was assembled by joining the lysins derived from Meiothermus bacteriophage MMP7 and Thermus bacteriophage TSP4 with a flexible linker via chimeolysin engineering. As a potential antimicrobial agent, MLTphg can be obtained by overproduction in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and the following Ni-affinity chromatography. Finally, we recovered about 40 ± 1.9 mg of MLTphg from 1 L of the host E. coli BL21(DE3) culture. The purified MLTphg showed peak activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 between 35 and 40 °C, and maintained approximately 44.5 ± 2.1% activity at room temperature (25 °C). Moreover, as a produced chimera, it exhibited considerably improved bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (2.9 ± 0.1 log10 reduction was observed upon 40 nM MLTphg treatment at 37 °C for 30 min) and also a group of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compared to its parental lysins, TSPphg and MMPphg. In the current age of growing antibiotic resistance, our results provide an engineering basis for developing phage lysins as novel antimicrobial agents and shed light on bacteriophage-based strategies to tackle bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of a repurposed harmine-derived compound on extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Breine ◽  
Megane Van Gysel ◽  
Mathias Elsocht ◽  
Clemence Whiteway ◽  
Chantal Philippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Degree

Synopsis Objectives: The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is an important threat for human healthcare. Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria impose one of the major issues, as multidrug- to pandrug-resistant strains have been found, rendering some infections untreatable. In addition, A. baumannii is a champion in surviving in harsh environments, being capable of resisting to disinfectants and to persist prolonged periods of desiccation. Due to the high degree of variability found in A. baumannii isolates, the search for new antibacterials is challenging. Here, we screened a compound library to identify compounds active against recent isolates of A. baumannii bacteria. Methods: A repurposing drug screen was undertaken to identify A. baumannii growth inhibitors. One hit was further characterized by determining its IC50 and testing its activity on 43 recent clinical A. baumannii isolates, amongst which 40 are extensively drug- and carbapenem-resistant strains. Results: The repurposing screen led to the identification of a harmine-derived compound, called HDC1, which proved to have bactericidal activity on the multidrug-resistant AB5075-VUB reference strain with an IC50 of 48.23 [mu]M. In addition, HDC1 impairs growth of all 43 recent clinical A. baumannii isolates. Conclusions: We identified a compound with inhibitory activity on all tested, extensively drug-resistant clinical A. baumannii isolates.

scholarly journals Insights into the Bacterial Profiles and Resistome Structures Following the Severe 2018 Flood in Kerala, South India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Soumya Jaya Divakaran ◽  
Jamiema Sara Philip ◽  
Padma Chereddy ◽  
Sai Ravi Chandra Nori ◽  
Akshay Jaya Ganesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Ecological Habitat ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Extreme Flooding

Extreme flooding is one of the major risk factors for human health, and it can significantly influence the microbial communities and enhance the mobility of infectious disease agents within the affected areas. The flood crisis in 2018 was one of the severe natural calamities recorded in the southern state of India (Kerala) that significantly affected its economy and ecological habitat. We utilized a combination of shotgun metagenomics and bioinformatics approaches to understand the bacterial profile and the abundance of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in extremely flooded areas of Kuttanad, Kerala (4–10 feet below sea level). Here we report the bacterial profiles of flooded sites that are abundant with virulent and resistant bacteria. The flooded sites were heavily contaminated with faecal contamination indicators such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis and multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi/typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae. The resistome of the flooded sites contains 103 known resistant genes, of which 38% are plasmid-encoded, where most of them are known to be associated with pathogenic bacteria. Our results reveal an overall picture of the bacterial profile and resistome of sites following a devastating flood event, which might increase the levels of pathogens and its associated risks.

scholarly journals Serotyping and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains Detected in Wildlife and Natural Environments in Southern Italy

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Immacolata La Tela ◽  
Maria Francesca Peruzy ◽  
Nicola D’Alessio ◽  
Fabio Di Nocera ◽  
Francesco Casalinuovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

Wild animals are potential vectors of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella serovars isolated from wildlife and the environment in Italy. A total of 164 Salmonella isolates were analyzed, and six different subspecies and 64 serovars were detected. High proportions of Salmonella isolates proved resistant to streptomycin (34.1%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (23.2%), tetracycline (17.7%), ciprofloxacin (14.63%) and ampicillin (11.59%). By source, the lowest level of resistance was observed in Salmonella serovars isolated from a water environment, while antimicrobial resistance was frequent in strains collected from shellfish, reptiles and birds. Multidrug-resistant strains were recovered from seafood (n = 11), mammals (n = 3) and water (n = 1). Three S. Typhimurium monophasic variant strains showed asimultaneous resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which represents a recognized alert resistance profile for this serovar. These data indicate the environmental dissemination of resistant strains due to anthropogenic activities, which, in southern Italy, probably have a higher impact on marine ecosystems than on terrestrial ones. Moreover, as most of the animals considered in the present study are usually consumed by humans, the presence of resistant bacteria in them is a matter of great concern.

scholarly journals Pattern of antibiotics resistance and phenotypic characterization of Multidrug resistant bacteria isolates in four hospitals of Littoral region, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Merlin Jonas Wandji Takemegni ◽  
Assob Nguedia Jules clement ◽  
Ateudjieu Jérôme ◽  
Enow Orock George ◽  
Mbopi-Keou Francois-Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Littoral Region

Objective: To describe the pattern of antibiotics resistance and phenotypic characterization of Multidrug resistant bacteria isolates in four hospitals of Littoral region, Cameroon. Methods: We conducted a descriptive hospital based cross-sectional study from December 2018 to May 2019. A simple random sampling was used to swap 10 selected equipment and 10 materials in the mornings after disinfection but before the start of work in seven units. After inoculation in four agar media consecutively (Eosine Metyleine blue, Cled, Manitol salt agar and blood agar ) and incubated in appropriate conditions, the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility test. Results: Among 50.4% (119/236) showed positive bacteria growth, a total of 89 (13 species), predominant bacteria and those more likely to cause nosocomial infections were selected and tested each one to 18 antibiotics. There was high level of resistance to Penicillin (amoxicillin (77.5%) and Oxacillin (76.4%)), followed by 3G Cephalosporine (Ceftazidime (74.2%)) and Monobactam (Aztreonam (70.8%)). Although the least level of resistance was observed in Carbapenem (imipenem (5.6%)). The overall prevalence of MDRB was 62.9% (56/89). MRSA were the mostly detected 57.5 % (30/89), followed by ESBL 10.1% (9/89). Military hospital of Douala and Emergency unit was the MDRBs dominantly contaminated area respectively 39.3% (22/56) and 17.9% (10/56). Conclusion: MDRB occurred to be a current public health problem as well as hospital surfaces are worrying reservoir that can be spread to patient, health professionals and visitors. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, susceptibility test, multidrug-resistant bacteria, Hospital facilities, Units, Littoral Region-Cameroon

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Fresh Red and White Onion (Allium cepa) Extract against Some Drug Resistant Bacteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
K. Zikora Anyaegbunam ◽  
L. Ogara Amaechi ◽  
C. AnyaegbunamTito ◽  
O. Oniwon Wisdom ◽  
C. Ogechukwu Henrietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Onion Extract

Antibiotics resistance is currently one of the major challenges in the health care system. The antimicrobial properties of some herbs have been used in the treatment of infectious diseases as well as disinfection of surfaces. This in a way helps overcome microbial resistance arising from indiscriminate use of synthetic antimicrobial agents for similar purpose. Some antibiotic resistant bacteria- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from cooking wares in homes were investigated using agar well diffusion and agar dilution method to test for the antibacterial activity of fresh Allium cepa (onion) extract. All were susceptible to the fresh white and red onion extract except Staphylococus aureus which was susceptible to only the white onion extract. The diameter of zones of inhibition ranged from 2 mm-35 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (M. I. C.) and the Minimum Bacterial Concentration (M. B. C.) values of the fresh onion juices against the test bacteria were low ranging from 3.125% v/v – 25.0% v/v. This study indicates that the fresh raw extracts of Allium cepa possess significant antibacterial potency against these antibiotic resistant bacteria.

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