scholarly journals EVALUATION OF BULLS BY ALLELIC VARIANTS OF THE CAPA-CASEIN GENE

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
V.I. Ladyka ◽  
Yu.I. Skliarenko ◽  
Yu.M. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
Milk Casein ◽  
Main Component

An important issue in the selection of dairy cattle today is the study of the relationship between hereditary factors that determine the types of proteins in milk. Casein is the main component of milk proteins and is represented by three fractions - alpha (CSN1S1), beta (CSN2) and kappa (CSN3). The content of individual fractions of casein depends on the breed of cows. Genetic variants of kappa-casein are associated with the quality of milk productivity of cows and greater suitability for use of milk for processing and production of cheese. The kappa-casein B allele is associated with the production of milk, the chemical composition of which is more favorable and the technological parameters are more suitable for cheese production. The aim of the work is to assess the genotype of breeding bulls by the kappa-casein gene, which were approved for use in Ukrainian farms in 2020. It was found that most breeding bulls that are approved for use are evaluated by the genotype of kappa-casein. Breeding bulls of Swiss and Jersey breeds have a higher frequency of homozygotes of explosives (100 and 86.2%, respectively). The frequency of allele distribution in the kappa-casein gene in bulls of different breeds was higher in animals of Schwyz (1.00), Jersey (0.931) and Montbeliard breeds (0.813). Among breeding bulls of Holstein breed, no significant difference in milk yield, milk fat and protein between animals of all studied genotypes by kappa-casein and average by breed (among bulls of the catalog) was found. Breeding bulls with the BB genotype had a significant difference with bulls of other genotypes in all studied traits. Therefore, the use of sperm products of bulls approved for use in 2020, with the genotype of explosives for kappa-casein will improve the economically useful traits of offspring, and will contribute to the desired genotype of cows. When choosing bulls, cheese makers should pay attention not only to protein and somatic cell count (SCS). It is also important to have a high percentage of BB cows in the herd

scholarly journals Characteristics of the genetic structure of the β-casein gene of producers approved for use in Ukraine in 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
V. Ladyka ◽  
Y. Sklyarenko ◽  
Y. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Milk Casein ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Breeding Farms

The modern topical issue in dairy cattle breeding is the study of the relationship between hereditary factors that determine the types of proteins in milk. Casein is the main component of milk proteins and is represented by three fractions - alpha (CSN1S1), beta (CSN2) and capa (CSN3). The content of individual casein fractions depends on the breed of cows. Scientists point out some grand questions as for the promotion of milk proteins, like beta-casein, affecting on such disorders as type-1 diabetes, schizophrenia, autism and the sudden death of an infant. The economic component that will ensure the attractiveness of creating the dairy herds completed with animals of genotype A2 A2 is the higher price of raw milk in comparison with conventional milk. The aim of this work is to evaluate the genotype of bulls-producers by the beta-casein gene, which are allowed to be used in Ukrainian farms in 2020. It is established that the majority of such bulls-producers are evaluated by the genotype of betta-casein. The largest proportion of bulls with the desired A2A2 genotype was found in red Danish and red Norwegian bulls. A greater proportion of A1A1 genotypes are characterized by Holstein bulls of red-mottled color. The largest proportion of the desired A2 allele was found in bulls of red Danish, red Norwegian and Guernsay breeds. Producers of Holstein and Ayshire breeds were characterized by a smaller proportion of this allele. It was found that the use of sperm of bulls approved for use in 2020 with the A2A2 by β-casein genotype on the breeding stock of domestic breeds will improve the economically useful characteristics of offspring, and will contribute the desired genotype of cows. As a result of the analysis of the genotype of Holstein and Swiss breeds that were used in breeding farms of Sumy region over the past three years, we found that 38 Holstein bulls were used in breeding farms and in breeding plants, among which 11% were evaluated by the β-casein gene. Among 12 Shvits bulls that were used in farms of the region, only 42% were evaluated by the β-casein genotype. This confirms that the work with the formation of dairy herds completed with animals of genotype A2 A2 in Sumy region was not carried out. Key words: breed, bull, β-casein, genotype, allele, daughters milk productivity.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX GENOTYPES OF BETA- AND KAPPA CASEIN OF BULLS OF DAIRY BREEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
V. I. Ladyka ◽  
Y. I. Sklyarenko ◽  
Y. M. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Main Component

Marker-dependent breeding is one of the most relevant areas for improving the dairy productivity of cattle. It allows the selection of parent forms at the gene level. The growing demands of the market for milk quality make it necessary to select dairy herds using genetic markers associated with qualitative characteristics of milk productivity. A topical issue in dairy cattle breeding today is the study of the relationship between hereditary factors that determine the types of proteins in milk. Casein is the main component of milk proteins and is represented by three fractions – alpha (CSN1S1), beta (CSN2) and kappa (CSN3). The content of individual casein fractions depends on the breed of cows. Genetic variants of beta-casein significantly affect human health, while kappa-casein is associated with the quality of milk and the greater suitability of milk for processing and cheese production. The aim of this work is to evaluate the genotype of sires approved for use in Ukrainian farms in 2020 based on beta- and kappa-casein genes. Materials and methods. The research was conducted by analyzing the catalog of bulls of dairy and dairy-meat breeds for breeding stock reproduction in 2020. Bulls were analyzed according to the genotype of beta – and kappa-casein of Holstein (n = 872), Simmental (n = 17), Montbellard (n = 3), (wro.synel.net; motbeliarde.org) Jersey (n = 59), Red Danish (n = 8), Red Norwegian (n = 7), Schwyz (n = 17), Aishir (n = 8) breeds, evaluated by offspring quality and genomic assessment. The website DairyBulls.com is used to analyze the results of the evaluation of bulls-producers on a set of characteristics. The research results were processed by mathematical statistics methods using the "Statistica-6.1" package in a Windows PC environment. It was found that the majority of bulls-producers approved for use were evaluated based on these genotypes. Depending on the breed, the number of bulls estimated by the studied characteristics ranged from 43 to 85%. Depending on the breed, from 2 to 16 different combinations of beta- and kappa-casein genotypes were identified. The frequency of occurrence of the desired complex genotype A2A2/BB, depending on the breed, was in the range of 0.0 to 75.0%. Holstein bulls of the desired A2A2/BB genotype were estimated to be superior to bulls of some other complex genotypes in terms of daughter milk yield, the amount of milk fat, milk protein, lifetime profit indices, cheese profit, and milk profit. Therefore, the use of sperm production of bulls with the A2A2/BB genotype will improve the economically useful characteristics of offspring, and will further increase the number of livestock with the desired complex genotype. Summary. 1. Taking into account the data of many domestic and foreign scientists who claim that the genotype of animals by the beta – and kappa-casein polymorphism affects the qualitative composition of milk, it is necessary to have in herds the necessary number of animals carrying the A2 allele of beta-casein and the B allele of the kappa-casein gene. The desired breeding parameters of the herd can be achieved by using bulls with BB genotypes for kappa-casein and A2A2 for beta-casein. Correction of the bulls-producers selection system can only be carried out if the breeding stock of the herd is genotyped according to the polymorphism of the beta-and kappa – casein genotypes. Holding this event will increase the protein content and will improve cheese suitability of milk of cattle of future generations. The use of bulls-producers without taking into account their genotypes for the casein fractions described above and the lack of polymorphism control of these genes among cows can lead to a decrease in the frequency of desired genotypes in the herd and a decrease in the technological qualities of milk as raw materials. 2. The created database of bulls-producers approved for use in Ukraine, evaluated by the beta-and kappa – casein genotypes, allows us to establish a positive perspective on the possibility of forming staffed herds of animals with the desired complex A2A2/BB genotype in Ukraine. 3. It was found that bulls of dairy breeds have different frequencies of beta – and kappa casein alleles. The part of bulls-producers of the desired complex genotype A2A2/BB of Holstein breed is 8.49%, Holstein Red-pockmarked – 2.94%, Schwyz – 75%, Jersey – 13.79%, Red Danish – 12.5%, Red Norwegian – 20.0%, Montbellard – 25%. Among animals of Simmental and Aishir breeds – bulls with the desired complex genotype A2A2/BB were not detected. 4. Bulls of the desired complex genotype A2A2/BB according to the indicators of milk yield of daughters, the amount of milk fat, milk protein, indices of lifetime profit, profit for cheese, profit for milk were dominated bulls with separate complex genotypes CSN2-CSN3

scholarly journals Behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory performance of lactating 3/4 and 7/8 Holstein/Gir cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1245-1258
Author(s):  
Diogo Alves da Costa Ferro ◽  
◽  
Rafael Alves da Costa Ferro ◽  
Klayto José Gonçalves dos Santos ◽  
Aracele Pinheiro Pales dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory performance of 3/4 and 7/8 Holstein/Gir (HG) dairy cows to identify which genetic composition suffers the least heat stress. A completely randomized design was adopted involving 20 multiparous, lactating crossbred cows from a dairy farm located in the municipality of Turvânia - GO, Brazil. During the experimental period, data on behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory traits were collected every 15 days. Bioestat (5.0) statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The mean temperature-humidity index, ambient temperature and relative humidity obtained throughout the experimental period were 74.45, 30.51 ºC and 63.64%, respectively. In terms of reproductive performance, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the genetic compositions for the time from calving to first service, with a longer period shown by the animals with greater Holstein breed genetic composition. Service period and calving interval differed significantly (p < 0.05) during the experimental period between the genetic compositions. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also detected between the compositions for respiratory rate, with higher values observed in the animals with higher European genetic composition. Benezra thermal comfort index also differed significantly (p < 0.05), with the 7/8 HG animals showing a higher value. Lactating cows with a 7/8 HG genetic composition achieved better results in milk production, whereas those with 3/4 HG genetic composition showed superiority in milk fat composition and reproductive and thermoregulatory performance, indicating greater adaptation to the climatic conditions of the region.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Milk Fat Globular Membrane (MFGM) Proteome between Saudi Arabia Camelus dromedary Safra and Wadha Breeds

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassam H. Sabha ◽  
Afshan Masood ◽  
Ibrahim O. Alanazi ◽  
Assim A. Alfadda ◽  
Hussein A. Almehdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
2D Dige ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule

Camel milk is traditionally known to have medicinal properties and many potential health benefits. Natural milk contains many soluble proteins and nanoparticles, such as a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), a three-layered membrane covering of milk fat globule mainly composed of proteins and lipids, which plays an important role in human health. MFGM proteins account for 1%–4% of total milk proteins, and their nutritive value and distribution depends on the different breeds. The differential composition of these membrane proteins among different camel breeds has not been explored. The current study, therefore, aimed to quantitatively analyze and compare the MFGM proteome between the milk produced by the two most common Saudi camel breeds, Camelus dromedarius: Safra and Wadha. Two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry analysis revealed a total of 44 MFGM proteins that were identified with a significant difference in abundance (p ≤ 0.05; fold change ≥ 1.5) between the two breeds. Thirty-one proteins were up-regulated and 13 proteins were down-regulated in the Safra breed compared to the Wadha breed. The proteins identified with an increased abundance included α-lactalbumin, lactadherin, and annexin a8, whereas the down-regulated proteins included butyrophilin subfamily 1 member a1, lactotransferrin, and vinculin. The differentially abundant proteins were analyzed by the UNIPROT system and gene ontology (GO) to reveal their associations with known biological functions and pathways. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the 2D-DIGE findings of butyrophilin (BTN) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) levels obtained from Safra and Wadha breeds.

scholarly journals Relationship between genetic polymorphism of κ-casein and quantitative milk yield traits in cattle breeds and crossbreds in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radica Djedovic ◽  
Vladan Bogdanovic ◽  
Predrag Perisic ◽  
Dragan Stanojevic ◽  
Jelena Popovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Genotype Frequencies

The quality and yield of milk, and therefore of dairy products as well, depends directly on their protein composition. Milk gene proteins represent structural locuses that are functionally associated with milk production. In cattle selection a special importance is attached to the variability of kappa casein (?-CN) as one of the four casein milk proteins. Genotypes of 21 Simmental breed cows, 20 crossbred cows obtained by crossing of Simmental and Red Holstein breed, and 25 cows of autochthonous Busha breed were determined for kappa casein by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR- RFLP) of amplified DNA. The ?-CN genotype frequencies for Simmental breed were: 42.8; 47.6 and 9.6 % for AA, and BB genotype, for crossbreds: 75.0; 25.0 and 0.0% and for Busha individuals: 41.7; 50.0 and 8.3 %, respectively. Frequencies of A and B alleles, assessed on the basis of genotypic frequencies were 0.667 and 0.333 for Simmental breed, 0.875 and 0.125 for crossbreds and 0.667 and 0.333 for autochthonous Busha cattle breed, respectively. For confirming the phenotypic variability of milk yield in standard lactation, yield of milk fat and the content of milk fat per ?-CN genotypes within breeds observed the fixed model which included the breed effect, lactation in order and effect of ?-CN genotype (AA, and BB) was used. The ?-CN genotype statistically significantly (p ?0.05) influenced milk yield and highly significantly (p ?0.01) milk fat yield, while the content of milk fat was not statistically significantly (p>0.05) influenced in examined animals.

scholarly journals Продуктивные качества коров разных генотипов

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
O.V. Filinskaya ◽  
L.Yu. Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Regular Increase

Продуктивный потенциал молочного скота создаётся, поддерживается и обновляется селекцией. Племенные и продуктивные качества молочного скота обусловлены генотипом животных, влиянием методов разведения и селекции. Наиболее важными селекционнохозяйственными признаками молочного скота являются: надой, массовая доля жира и белка в молоке, живая масса. Селекция в стаде должна быть направлена на отбор лучших животных по молочной продуктивности и качеству молока, так как от этого зависит выход молочной продукции. Исследованиями, проведёнными на коровах разных генотипов (чистопородной ярославской, чистопородной голштинской, помесных кровностью 50, 75 и 88 по голштинской породе), было установлено, что голштинские первотёлки и помесные достоверно превосходят по надою ярославских сверстниц на 47,3 44,5 37,5 37,5 соответственно. По процентному содержанию жира и белка достоверная разница между группами наблюдается в пользу ярославских сверстниц. Голштинские и помесные коровы обладают наибольшим выходом молочного жира и белка и их суммарным количеством. С увеличением возраста животных происходит закономерный рост молочной продуктивности коров. При этом жирномолочность к третьей лактации также возрастает по всем группам коров. В результате того, что чистопородные голштинские животные и помесные более крупные и высокомолочные, то они закономерно отличаются от ярославских коров по суммарному количеству жира и белка, коэффициенту молочности и жиробелковому коэффициенту. Была отмечена тесная достоверная взаимосвязь по первой лактации между содержанием жира и белка у коров всех групп, аналогичная картина наблюдается и по третьей лактации, только с более низкими значениями.The productive potential of dairy cattle is created, maintained and renewed by selection. The breeding and productive abilities of dairy cattle are due to the genotype of animals, the influence of breeding and selection methods. The most important selection and economic characteristics of dairy cattle are milk yield, weight content of fat and protein in milk, live weight. Selection in a herd should be aimed at selecting the best animals for milk production and milk quality as the yield of dairy products depends on it. Researches carried out on cows of different genotypes (purebred Yaroslavskaya, purebred Holstein, crossbred with blood of 50, 75 and 88 for Holstein breed), it was found that the Holstein firstcalf heifer and crossbred reliably exceled the Yaroslavl herdmates by the yield by 47.3 44.5 37.5 37.5 respectively. In terms of the percentage of fat and protein a significant difference between the groups is observed in favor of Yaroslavl herdmates. Holstein and crossbred cows have the highest yield of milk fat and protein and their total amount. With an increase in the age of animals a regular increase in the milk productivity of cows occurs. At the same time butterfat percentage to the third lactation also increases in all groups of cows. As a result of the fact that purebred Holstein animals and crossbred are larger and good milkers they naturally differ from the Yaroslavl cows in total amount of fat and protein, milking capacity ratio and fatprotein ratio. A close reliable correlation in the first lactation between the fat and protein content in cows of all groups was observed, a similar pattern is observed in the third lactation only with lower values.

scholarly journals Capa-casein gene polymorphism in cows of different breeds of dairy productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Mitioglo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Breeding And Genetics ◽  
Dairy Breed

Genetic polymorphism of milk proteins, in particular kappa-casein, is of considerable research interest due to its possible associations with economically important traits of dairy cattle. The aim of the study was to determine the polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene and its association with signs of milk productivity in cows of different breeds. Polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene was studied in cows of Ukrainian red-spotted dairy (UCHERM), Ukrainian black-spotted dairy (UCHRM), Montbeliard (M) breeds and crossbred cows obtained by crossing cows of Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed with Mongolians. DNA studies were performed in the Department of Animal Genetics and Biotechnology of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS using the PCR-RFLP method. As a result of research, three genotypes of the kappa-casein gene were identified: AA, AB, BB. Genotypes AA and AB were found in all studied groups of cows, genotype BB was found only in cows of Montbeliard breed with a frequency of 0.366. The highest hopes for 305 days of the first lactation among all studied cows were in crossbred cows with genotype AB (7029 kg), the lowest - in crossbred animals with genotype AA (6359 kg). According to the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the kappa-casein gene, domestic breeds of UCHRM and UCHERM are similar in genetic structure and have a low concentration of B-allelic variant, apparently due to the fact that these breeds were created by reproductive crossing with Holstein breed, in populations of which this allele quite low. The presence of such genotypes in the studied groups of first-borns is determined by the peculiarities of selection work in the herd of SE "DG" Niva "of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after MV Tooth of NAAS ». Research results genotypes and alleles of the kappa-casein gene is an additional genetic characteristic of animals, which makes it possible to create herds with the desired characteristics of milk productivity

scholarly journals VARIABILITY AND HEREDITY OF THE BULL`S BREEDING VALUE OF DIFFERENT GENEALOGICAL FORMATIONS OF THE HOLSTEIN BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
A. P. Krugliak ◽  
T. O. Krugliak
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Third Line

The results of analytical studies of breeding value variability on the basis of milk productivity, selected for reproduction of bulls of different genealogical formations of Holstein breed, are presented. A statistically significant difference between the breeding value of the milk yield of bulls and their parents of different genealogical groups was established. The variability of bulls breeding traits and the milk productivity of their daughters in the middle of genealogical formations was dominated by similar indicators between genealogical formations. In the middle of related genealogical formations, animals of new generations significantly outnumbered animals of earlier generations in level of breeding value. The high correlation between breeding value of milk yield, milk fat and protein of parents and their sons was identified. The highest correlation coefficient (r = +0.643 ± 0.030) was established between the absolute milk productivity of daughters for 305 days of first lactation and the level of breeding value of milk yield of their parents, which decreased sharply when compared with their ancestors of older generations. It was also established, that the breeding value of the animals of the new genealogical formations (sons, fathers, mothers) of Tradition 1682485 and Valiant 1650414 was always higher (on 161.2; 121.4; 209.4 kg worth), compared to the older related groups of Elevation and Chief, on which basis they have been formed. This indicates about decreasing of appearance frequency of leader bulls in a single related group during breeding. The sons of these bulls inherit the signs of milk productivity, their breeding value exceeded that of their parents: by milk fat – by 2.4–20.0 kg, total protein – by 0.7–11.8 kg. The absolute milk production of their daughters in the 305 days of the first lactation was 11201–13173 kg of milk, 411–475 kg of milk fat and 337–383 kg of total protein, which exceeded the productivity of their contemporarys by 113–1025 kg of milk, 8.6–55.6 kg milk fat and 9.3–30.3 kg total protein. A similar predictable of variability of the breeding value of animals of different genealogical formations of the Holstein breed for milk fat and protein in milk was established. The level of breeding value of the fathers has the greatest influence on the level of milk production of their daughters of the Holstein breed (the influence force is 35.1%). In second place was the force of influence breeding value of the father-fathers on the milk yield of their granddaughters, which was 11.7%. The third place was occupied by the influence of the breeding value of mothers on the level of milk productivity of their daughters (η2х = 10,6%). These forces of influence of these ancestors on the level of milk productivity of the firstborn cows are statistically significant (P < 0.05–0.001). The last place of force of influence (η2х) on the level of milk productivity of the firstcalve heifers take the male ancestors, who are in their third line of pedigree (FFF), it was 2.7% and was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Analysis of dairy productivity of cows of ukrainian brown dairy breed of different genotypes by kappa-casein

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
V. Ladyka ◽  
Y. Sklyarenko ◽  
Y. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Molecular Biological Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
Dairy Breed

In the herd of cattle of the Ukrainian Brown Dairy breed studies were conducted, the purpose of which was to study the influence of the genotype of cows by kappa-casein on the indicators of their milk productivity. Genotyping of 29 heads of cattle. Determination of the polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene was performed in the genetic laboratory of the Institute of Physiology n.a. Bogomolets of NAS using molecular biological analysis of allele recognition by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time. Allele A had a slightly higher frequency - 0.517 compared to allele B - 0.483 at the locus of the kappa-casein gene, although it was not significant. As a result, the proportions of AA and BB genotypes were high (38 and 34%, respectively). The performed genetic-statistical analysis revealed an excess in the kappa-casein locus of homozygous variants AA and BB and a lack of heterozygous AB. The degree of homozygosity, which is 50.1%, indicates a sufficient level of consolidation in the studied population of cattle. The number of effective active alleles in the kappa-casein locus of cows of the Ukrainian Brown Dairy breed is 1.99, with the maximum value of the level of polymorphism possible at a two-allele locus of 2. A negative heterozygosity test (HT) indicates a lower proportion of actual heterozygotes relative to the proportion of theoretical heterozygotes. The reason for the existing genetic structure of the herd of Ukrainian Brown Dairy breeds by the kappa-casein locus was the use of Swiss cattle breeders, most of which were not evaluated by the genotype of the kappa-casein gene. Studies of the level of milk productivity of cows of different genotypes by kappa-casein in the first lactation did not reveal a significant difference. At the same time, heterozygous (AB) animals were inferior to homozygous (AA and BB) in terms of milk yield, and animals with AA and AB genotypes were preferred in terms of quality. For the best lactation, a significant difference was found in the amount of milk yield and the amount of milk fat. Homozygous animals (AA and BB) significantly (p <0.05) outperformed heterozygous (AB) in milk yield, by 1091 and 922 kg, respectively. Animals with heterozygous AB genotype in terms of the average amount of milk fat were significantly inferior to homozygous AA and BB animals (p <0.05). The small number of experimental animals was one of the reasons for the discrepancy between the results of research and the data of other scientists. Key words: breed, milk yield, fat content, protein content, kappa casein, genotype, allele.

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

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