scholarly journals Aportes para el ciclo de formación común de los Profesorados en Historia y Geografía en el sistema educativo argentino: La renovación historiográfica y las categorías territoriales en el estudio de la realidad social / Contributions for the Common Training Cycle of Teachers in History and Geography in the Argentine Educational System: The historiographical renovation and the territorial categories in the study of the social reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Gustavo Norberto Duperré
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Preparation Program ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Formación Docente

ABSTRACTAt the end of the 20th century, the Teacher Preparation Program in Argentina experienced a series of changes, as result of the renewal of public policies. In this aspect, teachers in History and Geography, as well as others of different academic orientations, have modified the choice of their contents and the processing of their objects of study, generating new challenges in the different levels of the performance of educators. Considering these processes, the redefinition of territorial categories and historical reality represents a new and a valid alternative to reinterpret social phenomena.RESUMENAl finalizar el siglo XX, la Formación Docente de Grado en la República de Argentina experimentó una serie de cambios, producto de la renovación de las políticas públicas. En este aspecto, los Profesores en Historia y en Geografía, al igual que otros de distintas orientaciones académicas, han ido modificado la elección de sus contenidos y el tratamiento de sus objetos de estudio, generando nuevos desafíos en los distintos niveles del desempeño de los educadores. Ante estos procesos, la redefinición de las categorías territoriales y la realidad histórica se presenta como una alternativa nueva y válida para reinterpretar los fenómenos sociales.

scholarly journals Historia de la educación sexual en la Argentina contemporánea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Santiago Zemaitis
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
Formación Docente

Situada desde la Historia de la educación, el Análisis Político del Discurso y los Estudios de género, esta tesis explora diferentes discursos, agentes y experiencias en torno a la educación sexual en la Argentina desde la década de 1960 hasta 1997. Para esto, se estudia cómo, desde mediados de siglo XX, la educación sexual se fue configurando en un campo de disputas entre especialistas en crianza y familia, pediatras, sexólogas/os, psicólogas/os, psicoanalistas, psicólogas/os educacionales, médicas/os, planificadores familiares, agentes religiosos, funcionarias/os de políticas educativas estatales y académicas feministas. Desde los años 60, la educación sexual se volvió un objeto de debate público, al tiempo que se configuró como un campo de disputas entre esos y otros agentes por la hegemonía de sus significados. Todo esto en una coyuntura sociocultural de grandes cambios en la moral sexual y en los hábitos y prácticas sexuales, sobre todo de las generaciones más jóvenes. De allí en adelante la temática se volvió un objeto de predilecto interés para quienes serían reconocidas/os como las/os pioneros, especialistas y “expertas/os” en educación sexual, comunidades que fueron demandando al Estado por la inclusión de esta educación en el sistema educativo formal. Esto se dio a partir de la extensión de redes y eventos entre “especialistas” de la región latinoamericana. Fue durante el alfonsinismo, con la vuelta a la democracia y en un contexto en donde la emergencia del sida y el embarazo adolescente fueron las dos grandes problemáticas sanitarias y educativas, se incorporaron esas demandas y se impulsaron programas y experiencias piloto en torno a la educación sexual en el ámbito educativo. Esto lo estudiamos tanto a nivel nacional en el Ministerio de Educación y Justicia como en la Dirección General de Cultura y Educación de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Durante la década del 90, se evidencian tensiones y disputas por la inclusión, no solo de la educación sexual dentro de la reforma curricular de mediados de esa década, sino también por la emergencia de la perspectiva de género en el sistema educativo. En ese marco, fueron conocidas las relaciones de proximidad entre el gobierno menemista con los sectores de las cúpulas católicas, una proximidad que provocó que en una parte de dicha reforma quedaran excluidas la educación sexual, la noción de género y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, aunque sí se lograron ver estas incorporaciones en la Formación docente para 1997. 

scholarly journals Políticas sociales de protección a las familias en dificultad en tiempos de pandemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Enrique Pastor Seller
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Levels

Families generate social capital for society, playing an essential economic, social and political role for social cohesion and sustainability. The emergence of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has profoundly altered family realities and care strategies. The pandemic has highlighted the weaknesses of social protection policies in general and those aimed at families in particular. The article analyzes the changes in family structure and behavior, the social exclusion of households and the protection policies and programs aimed at families with greater social difficulties that are developed by the different public administrations in Spain. The research methodology is based on the systematization and analysis of statistical sources, updated studies and research, and the content analysis of the policies, plans and measures that are developed from the different levels of public administration, especially in the social services system. The research results confirm that social policies for the protection and support of families are scarce, insufficient in coverage and amount, fragmented and unequal in the territories. It is necessary to increase the extension of coverage and the quality of services and social benefits to improve the quality and living conditions of families, especially in times of pandemic peñando un papel económico, social y político imprescindible para la cohesión y sostenibilidad social. La irrupción del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ha alterado profundamente las realidades familiares y las estrategias de cuidado. La pandemia ha evidenciado las debilidades de las políticas de protección social en general y las destinadas a las familias en particular. El artículo analiza los cambios en la estructura y comportamientos familiares, la exclusión social de los hogares y las políticas y programas de protección destinadas a las familias con mayores dificultades sociales que se desarrollan desde las diferentes administraciones públicas en España. La metodología de investigación se basa en la sistematización y análisis de fuentes estadísticas, estudios e investigaciones actualizadas y el análisis de contenido de las políticas, planes y medidas que se desarrollan desde los distintos niveles de administración pública, especialmente en el sistema de servicios sociales. Los resultados de la investigación constatan que las políticas sociales de protección y apoyo a las familias son escasas, insuficientes en cobertura y cuantía, fragmentadas y desiguales en los territorios. Es necesario incrementar la extensión de cobertura y la calidad de servicios y prestaciones sociales para mejorar la calidad y condiciones de vida de las familias, especialmente en tiempos de pandemia.

Experiencias de la profesión docente: la construcción de la identidad y vocación

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1317-1325
Author(s):  
Moraima Rodríguez Granados ◽  
Ana María González Ortiz ◽  
María Araceli Gutiérrez Reyes
Keyword(s):  
El Sistema ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Formación Docente

Las políticas educativas que se han presentado en México desde la última década del siglo XX, han tenido el distintivo de la calidad en los procesos de gestión, formación docente y evaluación. Una de las líneas de la política actual, se orientó a regular los procesos de ingreso al Servicio Profesional a través de concursos de oposición, dando apertura a aspirantes con nivel de licenciatura de cualquier institución, no solo de educación normal.  Esta situación ha develado la distancia que existe entre obtener resultados de un examen como idóneo y los significados de la práctica educativa. El trabajo que se presenta, contiene la recuperación de datos de la investigación: “Políticas públicas para la educación: sujetos, práctica educativa y procesos de cambio”, realizada con el  propósito de conocer el efecto de las políticas impulsadas por la SEP, en la dinámica de trabajo de los establecimientos de educación pública en Chihuahua. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas a docentes, directivos y asesores técnico-pedagógicos de educación primaria. Del análisis realizado, se derivan aspectos relacionados con las vivencias de los profesores al incorporarse al servicio profesional y la trascendencia de esta fase inicial para la construcción de la identidad y vocación docentes. Valorar la forma de superar estos retos, es significativo pues los docentes noveles, tendrán que someterse a un proceso de evaluación para definir su permanencia en el sistema educativo.

scholarly journals Global community security: manifestations, priorities, and threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
O. Vyshnevska ◽  
I. Melnyk ◽  
O. Sarapina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
The Common ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Quantitative Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Common Policy

The authors investigate the nature, components and features of globalisation in terms of its manifestations in society, development priorities, potential threats. It is proved that the processes that occur in the globalisation environment require the unity of efforts and implementation of a common policy of eliminating threats. The aggravation of conflicts due to the environmental issues and the social response to it are defined. It is determined that the common policy will facilitate the environmental protection, create the background for ensuring the global security by reducing social tensions. The common policy on a partnership basis allows to join forces for environmental protection, raise awareness of the ecological problems, introduce cost-effective approaches to the use of certain types of natural resources, conservation of ecosystems. It is determined that the practical realisation of ecological tasks at the national, regional and local levels must comply with the ratified agreements, implement the standards of the international law, take note of the actual transboundary threats. It is substantiated that the coordinated ecological policy, responsibility at different levels of government, sufficient funding of ecological projects will help to reduce the temperature rise and prevent the global ecological catastrophe. The environmental dimensions of global adaptation must have not only a quantitative impact on the environment, but also aggregate the ethical and moral indicators of measuring the social attitude to nature. The practical necessity of using the Environmental Code and the Environmental Court is determined. The efficiency of the partnership-based cooperation, coordination of actions with the environmental organisations, movements, eco-activists is proved. The global economic prospects should be oriented towards environmental dimensions, taking into account the need to ensure the global social security.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

El patriacado y la estructura social de la vida cotidiana

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Postigo Asenjo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
The Public ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Ways Of Life

RESUMENEl sistema patriarcal no afecta exclusivamente al poder político y judicial, sino que afecta a la estructura interna de la sociedad, la identidad y las formas de vida de los individuos que en ella viven. Para comprender mejor como condiciona el sistema patriarcal las formas de vida y la visión que tienen los individuos de la realidad social, hemos de analizar el modo en que se extiende al orden institucional y lo determina mediante "tipificaciones" de hechos y de personas y mediante roles concretos, esteoreotipaciones sexiuales que obstaculizan el acceso a la esfera pública de la mujer, así como su reinserción en el mercado laboral, en suma, todo aquello que afecta al conocimiento común que comparten los miembros de una comunidad. El cambio hacia una mayor igualdad y una real democracia paritaria y compartida no es posible sin una paulatina educación y concienciación de la sociedad en su conjunto.PALABRAS CLAVEPATRIARCADO-TIPIFICACIÓN SOCIAL-IGUALDAD DE GÉNEROABSTRACTPatriarchalism is not only present in politics and the judicial system. It also affects the internal structure of society, above all the life and identitý of individuals. To understand better how it conditions their ways of life and the vision the individuals have of social reality, we should study how patriarchalism r3eaches the system of institutions and how this becomes determined by "typifications" of facts and people, and by certain roles or sexual stereotypes that hinder the access of women both to the public sphere and to tha labor market. It sum, everything that concerns the common knowledge that the members of a community share. The move towards more equality and towards a more egalitarian democracy heavily depends on the spread of civic education to the entire society.KEYWORDSPATRIARCHALISM-SOCIAL TYPIFICATION-GENDER EQUALITY

Current issues in aesthetics and beyond: Revisiting lookism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Peter Takáč
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Common View ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Public Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common

AbstractLookism is a term used to describe discrimination based on the physical appearance of a person. We suppose that the social impact of lookism is a philosophical issue, because, from this perspective, attractive people have an advantage over others. The first line of our argumentation involves the issue of lookism as a global ethical and aesthetical phenomenon. A person’s attractiveness has a significant impact on the social and public status of this individual. The common view in society is that it is good to be more attractive and healthier. This concept generates several ethical questions about human aesthetical identity, health, authenticity, and integrity in society. It seems that this unequal treatment causes discrimination, diminishes self-confidence, and lowers the chance of a job or social enforcement for many human beings. Currently, aesthetic improvements are being made through plastic surgery. There is no place on the human body that we cannot improve with plastic surgery or aesthetic medicine. We should not forget that it may result in the problem of elitism, in dividing people into primary and secondary categories. The second line of our argumentation involves a particular case of lookism: Melanie Gaydos. A woman that is considered to be a model with a unique look.

KETERTINDASAN MELAYU DALAM CERPEN “SUKU POMPONG” KARYA FEDLI AZIS DAN CERPEN “RUMAH DI UJUNG KAMPUNG” KARYA HANG KAFRAWI

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marlina Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Imaginative Literature ◽  
The Village

Reading short stories “Suku Pompong” (Pompong Tribe) and “Rumah di Ujung Kampung” (House at the End of the Village) is like reading a historical reality that is happening on the ground of Riau Malay. The exploitation of forest resources on a large scale in recent decades in Riau Province has changed the land use of the area of intact forest into plantation area. The exploitation process causes friction in the community. The friction is eventually lead to conflict between communities and plantation companies. Their struggle to resolve conflicts and maintain their ancestral land, the strength of the company that has the license to the land and sadness when the public finally has always been on the losing side. This study objected to describe the objective reality of the Malay community in terms of land conversion, the communal land into plantations and reality of imaginative literature contained in the short stories “Suku Pompong” dan “Rumah di Ujung Kampung”. This study applied the sociology of literature approach, while the sociological approach to literature is a literary approach that specializes in reviewing literature by considering the social aspects. Based on these approaches, it can be concluded that short stories Suku Pompong and Rumah di Ujung Jalan are short stories that raised the reality of the Malay community.AbstrakMembaca cerpen “Suku Pompong” dan cerpen “Rumah di Ujung Kampung” seperti membaca sebuah realita sejarah yang terjadi di tanah Melayu Riau. Ekploitasi sumber daya hutan secara besar-besaran pada beberapa dekade terakhir di Provinsi Riau telah mengubah tata guna lahan dari kawasan hutan yang utuh menjadi kawasan perkebunan. Proses eksploitasi tersebut menimbulkan gesekan-gesekan dalam masyarakat. Gesekan-gesekan inilah yang akhirnya menimbulkan konflik antara masyarakat dengan pihak perusahaan perkebunan. Perjuangan masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan konflik dan mempertahankan tanah leluhur mereka, kekuatan pihak perusahaan yang memiliki surat izin atas tanah tersebut, dan kesedihan ketika masyarakat akhirnya selalu berada di pihak yang kalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan realitas objektif masyarakat Melayu Riau dalam hal alih fungsi lahan, dari lahan tanah ulayat menjadi lahan perkebunan, dan realititas imajinatif sastra yang terdapat dalam cerpen “Suku Pompong” dan cerpen “Rumah di Ujung Kampung”. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra, yaitu suatu pendekatan sastra yang mengkhususkan diri dalam menelaah karya sastra dengan mempertimbangkan segi-segi sosial kemasyarakatan. Dari pendekatan tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa cerpen “Suku Pompong” dan cerpen “Rumah di Ujung Kampung” memang merupakan cerpen yang mengangkat realitas masyarakat Melayu Riau.

Philosophcal review of h. white̕s tropological theory in the context of the new philosophy of history

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. M. Geiko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Lauta
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Nature ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the tropological theory of the history of H. White. The researcher claims that history is a specific kind of literature, and the historical works is the connection of a certain set of research and narrative operations. The first type of operation answers the question of why the event happened this way and not the other. The second operation is the social description, the narrative of events, the intellectual act of organizing the actual material. According to H. White, this is where the set of ideas and preferences of the researcher begin to work, mainly of a literary and historical nature. Explanations are the main mechanism that becomes the common thread of the narrative. The are implemented through using plot (romantic, satire, comic and tragic) and trope systems – the main stylistic forms of text organization (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony). The latter decisively influenced for result of the work historians. Historiographical style follows the tropological model, the selection of which is determined by the historian’s individual language practice. When the choice is made, the imagination is ready to create a narrative. Therefore, the historical understanding, according to H. White, can only be tropological. H. White proposes a new methodology for historical research. During the discourse, adequate speech is created to analyze historical phenomena, which the philosopher defines as prefigurative tropological movement. This is how history is revealed through the art of anthropology. Thus, H. White’s tropical history theory offers modern science f meaningful and metatheoretically significant. The structure of concepts on which the classification of historiographical styles can be based and the predictive function of philosophy regarding historical knowledge can be refined.

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