scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF USING MULTIPLE ANALYSES TECHNIQUES TO DETERMINE THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE WATERLOGGED WOOD NEAR THE CORRODED PARTS

Wood Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1054
Author(s):  
ASLI GÖKÇE KILIÇ ◽  
NAMIK KILIÇ ◽  
CEM AKGÜN
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Multiple Analysis ◽  
Maximum Water Content

In this study, three samples taken from the planks of the Yenikapı 29 shipwreck were analysed. Firstly, the maximum water content (MWC) and basic density values of the samples were calculated. MWC of the IK13-1 was 164% and the MWC of the SK6-1 was 87%. Because of these low MWC values, samples could be classified as non-degraded. When the SEM images of these two samples were examined, it was understood that the IK13-1 sample was non-degraded but the SK6-1 sample was penetrated with corrosion product and could not be classified as non-degraded. With these analyses, the XRF method was used to measure the iron amounts of the samples. The iron amount of the SK6-1 was 32.3% and the corrosion accumulation in this sample was also proved with XRF. In order to avoid incorrect results, multiple analysis techniques should be used for determining the physical condition of the waterlogged wood near the corroded parts.

scholarly journals Biosystematic Study on Some Egyptian Species of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Monier M. Abd El-Ghani ◽  
Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed ◽  
Ahmed Moubarak ◽  
Rabab Rashad ◽  
Hala Nosier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Region 10 ◽  
Unique Banding Pattern

Astragalus L. is one of the largest angiosperm complex genera that belongs to the family Fabaceae, subfamily Papilionoideae or Faboideae under the subtribe Astragalinae of the tribe Galegeae. The current study includes the whole plant morphology, DNA barcode (ITS2), and molecular marker (SCoT). Ten taxa representing four species of Astragalus were collected from different localities in Egypt during the period from February 2018 to May 2019. Morphologically, identification and classification of collected Astragalus plants occurred by utilizing the light microscope, regarding the taxonomic revisions of the reference collected Astragalus specimens in other Egyptian Herbaria. For molecular validation, ten SCoT primers were used in this study, producing a unique banding pattern to differentiate between ten samples of Astragalus taxa which generated 212 DNA fragments with an average of 12.2 bands per 10 Astragalus samples, with 8 to 37 fragments per primer. The 212 fragments amplified were distributed as 2 monomorphic bands, 27 polymorphic without unique bands, 183 unique bands (210 Polymorphic with unique bands), and ITS2 gene sequence was showed as the optimal barcode for identifying Astragalus L. using BLAST searched on NCBI database, and afterward, analyzing the chromatogram for ITS region, 10 samples have been identified as two samples representing A. hauarensis, four samples representing A. sieberi, three samples representing A. spinosus and one sample representing A. vogelii. Based on the ITS barcode, A. hauarensis RMG1, A. hauarensis RMG2, A. sieberi RMG1, A. sieberi RMG2, A. sieberi RMG3, A. sieberi RMG4, A. spinosus RMG1, A. spinosus RMG2, A. spinosus RMG3, A. vogelii RMG were deposited into GenBank with accession # MT367587.1, MT367591.1, MT367593.1, MT367585.1, MT367586.1, MT367588.1, MT160347.1, MT367590.1, MT367589.1, MT367592.1, respectively. These results indicated the efficiency of SCoT markers and ITS2 region in identifying and determining genetic relationships between Astragalus species.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Composition of Selected Commercial Sandalwood Oils with the International Standard

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Kucharska ◽  
Barbara Frydrych ◽  
Wiktor Wesolowski ◽  
Jadwiga A. Szymanska ◽  
Anna Kilanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Benzyl Benzoate ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Street ◽  
Chromatographic Profile ◽  
Sandalwood Oil

Sandalwood oils are highly desired but expensive, and hence many counterfeit oils are sold in high street shops. The study aimed to determine the content of oils sold under the name sandalwood oil and then compare their chromatographic profile and α- and β santalol content with the requirements of ISO 3518:2002. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis found that none of the six tested “sandalwood” oils met the ISO standard, especially in terms of α-santalol content. Only one sample was found to contain both α- and β-santalol, characteristic of Santalum album. In three samples, valerianol, elemol, eudesmol isomers, and caryophyllene dominated, indicating the presence of Amyris balsamifera oil. Another two oil samples were found to be synthetic mixtures: benzyl benzoate predominating in one, and synthetic alcohols, such as javanol, polysantol and ebanol, in the other. The product label only gave correct information in three cases: one sample containing Santalum album oil and two samples containing Amyris balsamifera oil. The synthetic samples described as 100% natural essential oil from sandalwood are particularly dangerous and misleading to the consumer. Moreover, the toxicological properties of javanol, polysantol and ebanol, for example, are unknown.

Magnetic study of Fe3O4/Ag nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 10402
Author(s):  
Janusz Typek ◽  
Nikos Guskos ◽  
Grzegorz Zolnierkiewicz ◽  
Zofia Lendzion-Bielun ◽  
Anna Pachla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Magnetic Clusters ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Technique ◽  
Silver Nps ◽  
Multi Mode

Nanocomposites of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) impregnated with silver NPs display antibacterial properties and may be used in water treatment as disinfection agent. Three samples were synthesized: Fe3O4 NPs obtained by the precipitation method and additionally two samples with added silver NPs with mass ratio of Ag:Fe3O4 equal to 1:100 and 2:100. Magnetic properties of these samples were studied by SQUID magnetometry (in temperature range 2–300 K and magnetic fields up to 70 kG) and magnetic resonance technique at RT. Temperature dependence of dc susceptibility revealed the blocking temperature close to RT in all three samples and allowed to determine the presence of single or multi-mode distribution of NP sizes in a particular sample. Isothermal magnetisation measurements showed that the presence of silver NPs, especially those with smaller sizes, decreases the saturation magnetisation. The shape of ferromagnetic loop registered at T = 2 K was used to discuss the sizes of NP magnetic clusters in our samples. Conclusions obtained from analysis of the ferromagnetic resonance spectra were consistent with the propositions based on the magnetometric studies.

scholarly journals The Effect of Weathering on Salt Release from Coal Mine Spoils

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Melinda Hilton ◽  
Mandana Shaygan ◽  
Neil McIntyre ◽  
Thomas Baumgartl ◽  
Mansour Edraki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Physical Weathering ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Coal mine spoils have the potential to create environmental impacts, such as salt load to surrounding environments, particularly when exposed to weathering processes. This study was conducted to understand the effect of physical and chemical weathering on the magnitude, rate, and dynamics of salt release from different coal mine spoils. Five spoil samples from three mines in Queensland were sieved to three different particle size fractions (<2 mm, 2–6 mm, and >6 mm). Two samples were dispersive spoils, and three samples were nondispersive spoils. The spoils were subjected to seven wet–dry cycles, where the samples were periodically leached with deionised water. The rate, magnitude, and dynamics of solutes released from spoils were spoil specific. One set of spoils did not show any evidence of weathering, but initially had higher accumulation of salts. In contrast, broad oxidative weathering occurred in another set of spoils; this led to acid generation and resulted in physical weathering, promoting adsorption–desorption and dissolution and, thus, a greater release of salts. This study indicated that the rate and magnitude of salt release decreased with increasing particle size. Nevertheless, when the spoil is dispersive, the degree of weathering manages salt release irrespective of initial particle size. This study revealed that the long-term salt release from spoils is not only governed by geochemistry, weathering degree, and particle size but also controlled by the water/rock ratio and hydrological conditions of spoils.

scholarly journals A Study of the Micropore Structure of Carbonized Rayon Yarn by Nitrogen Adsorption and Nonane Pre-Adsorption

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Bohra ◽  
K. S. W. Sing
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Micropore Structure ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gain Access

Adsorption isotherms of nitrogen have been determined at 77 K on three samples of carbonized rayon yarn, both before and after the pre-adsorption of n-nonane. In their original state the three samples were all highly microporous. Application of the αs-method of isotherm analysis reveals that their micropore volumes were 0·17–0·19 cm3g−1 and their external surface areas 20–27 m2g−1 (the corresponding BET areas being 427–483 m2g−1). Nonane pre-adsorption resulted in blockage of the entire micropore structure only in the case of one sample: micropore volumes ∼0·1 cm3g−1 were still available for nitrogen adsorption in the other two samples. It appears that nitrogen molecules were able to gain access to some parts of these micropore structures through wider pore entrances which were not completely blocked by the pre-adsorbed nonane. The work has shown that the nonane pre-adsorption method requires further investigation before it can be used with confidence for the assessment of microporosity.

scholarly journals SINERGI DESA ADAT DAN PENGELOLA PARIWISATA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI DESA WISATA PENGLIPURAN BANGLI

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Kadek Sidhi Surya Libhi ◽  
I Gst. Agung Oka Mahagangga
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Data Sorting

This research is located at a Tourism Village Penglipuran, Bangli aims to determine the existing condition and synergy Desa Adat and Pengelola Pariwista Penglipuran in the development of tourism in Penglipuran Tourism Village, Bangli. Data collection techniques in this research are by observation, in-depth interviews, and study of the documentation relating to the secondary data in the field. The data have been obtained were analyzed by qualitative data analysis techniques that work with the data, organizing data, sorting them into manageable units, search and find patterns, find what is important, and what is learned, and deciding what can be describe to people other. Results of this study were concluded that the existing condition of Tourism Village Penglipuran includes, physical and non-physical condition. Synergies Desa Adat and Pengelola Pariwisata Penglipuran in the development of tourism at the Tourism Village Penglipuran is customary village as a tourism asset owners served as a maker and designer of the policy, while the tourism manager in charge of implementing the tourism policy. Moreover, in the management of the tourism activity undertaken by Pengelola Pariwisata, Desa Adat authorities to supervise all activities of tourism at the Tourism Village Penglipuran.

Tribological Study of Ecological Lubricants Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Ilie ◽  
Cristina Covaliu ◽  
Georgiana Chisiu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Lubrication Effect

Titanium dioxide (TiO2), belonging to the family of transition metal dichalcogenides (together with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulphide (WS2)), is well known for its solid lubricating behaviour. Thin films of TiO2 exhibit extremely low coefficient of friction in dry environments, and are typically applied by mixed in oil, grease or impregnated into porous matrix of powdered materials. Current researches in many areas imply the using of different types of nanoparticles in the composition of oily lubricants. Results of these researches upon the friction couples show that nanoparticles contained by lubricant can improve the tribological properties, the friction-wear reduction and the lubrication effect. When nanomaterials are used to improve lubrication effect, the selection of metal is very important. In this paper, the authors chose for investigating the tribological properties of two samples of TiO2 with the mean diameter of 15 nm (n-TiO2) and 250 nm (m-TiO2), under different friction conditions. The tribological properties of TiO2 nanoparticles mixed in the ecological lubricant oil were investigated using a four-ball tribometer and a block-on-ring tribometer and show the lowering of the friction coefficient in comparison to the lubricant base oil. The finally obtained lubricant is not considered toxic for the environment. The analyses of surface film composition, characterized with the help of X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the deposed nanoparticles form a protective film (TiO3) allowing for an increase in the load capacity of friction couple. XPS and SEM were used to examine the morphology of the wear track, after the four-ball experiment. The main advantage of the nanoparticles is ascribed to the release and furnishing of the nanoparticles from the valley onto the friction metal surface and their confinement at the interface. The TiO2 nanoparticles showed lower frictions coefficient and higher wear resistance as compared to the common TiO2 particles (about 1.5 μm in diameter(c- TiO2)) on a four-ball machine, which were caused by the microstructure of the protective film and serve as perfect intermediate lubricants between the contact surfaces.

An in situ study of the phase transitions among CaCO3 high-pressure polymorphs

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyin Yuan ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Jing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Wide Pressure Range ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Wide Pressure

AbstractThe phase transitions involving calcite (CaCO3-I), CaCO3-II, CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb were investigated using a diamond anvil cell and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Based on the results obtained from in situ observations and Raman measurements made with six natural calcite crystals, the phase transition from calcite to CaCO3-II took place between 1.56 and 1.67 GPa under ambient temperature. Under a precise pressure of 1.97 ± 0.03 GPa, three CaCO3 samples were observed to transform from CaCO3-II directly to CaCO3-III, while in the other three samples both CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb crystal structures were detected. Transformation from CaCO3-IIIb to CaCO3-III was completed in a short period in one sample, whereas in the other two samples coexistence of CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb was observed over a wide pressure range from 1.97 to 3.38 GPa, with sluggish transformation from CaCO3-IIIb to CaCO3-III being observed after the samples were preserved under 3.38 GPa for 72 h. Hence, it can be concluded that CaCO3-IIIb is a metastable intermediate phase occurring during the reconstructive transformation from CaCO3-II to CaCO3-III. Splitting of the C–O in-plane bending (ν4) and symmetric stretching (ν1) vibrations and appearance of new lattice vibrations in the Raman spectra of CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb suggest a lowering in crystal symmetry during the transformation from CaCO3-II through CaCO3-IIIb to CaCO3-III, which is in good agreement with the observed sequence of phase symmetries.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Wheat and Barley Grains Using ICP-MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1277-1281
Author(s):  
Tamer M A M Thabit ◽  
Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr ◽  
Dalia I H Elgeddawy ◽  
Medhat A H El-Naggar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Barley Grains

Abstract Wheat and barley grains are two of the most important nutritional grains for humans and animals and they play an essential role in the nutritional cycle by different ratios according to people's nutritional habits. This work aimed to monitor ten of the most important heavy metals in some European-origin wheat and barley grains during the season of 2018. The measured elements, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and V, are of importance ecologically and biologically and may be involved in many health disorders affecting the human body. Moisture, protein, and specific grain weights were checked. Samples were digested using microwave acid digestion and the elements measured with ICP-MS/MS in He mode to increase sensitivity, lower the background, and avoid interference. Method validation and verification were carried out through spiking at two levels (2.0 and 10 ppb), then RSD, LOD, and LOQ were calculated. Recoveries were &gt;97% for all elements at both levels with an RSD of &lt;7.6%. Results revealed that As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were not detected in most wheat and barley samples, whereas Cd was detected in one sample of Ukrainian wheat and two samples of Estonian barley (but in very small traces). Pb was detected in three samples of Polish wheat (in very small traces). Al, Mo, and Ni were detected in some samples of wheat and barley of all origins, whereas other elements were at very low levels considered to be negligible concentrations.

Water loss dynamics in maize hybrids with different genotypes

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Dobos ◽  
G. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Maximum Water Content

Tests were made on the water dynamics of water loss in maize at two locations at major maize production areas, Debrecen and Szeged, as a function of the heat sum required up to physiological ripening. The maximum water content was found to vary according to the hybrid and the year. No significant differences were found between the effective heat sums associated with maximum values within a year, the difference being 2-4 calendar days. There was a close correlation between the maximum grain water content and the length of the generative phase for a given hybrid in a given year. Better water supplies (1998) resulted in higher maximum water content values, which indirectly promoted longer and more intensive dry matter incorporation. Of all the environmental parameters, the drying down rate is primarily determined by the temperature. The changes in grain moisture content in a specific hybrid can be characterised by a joint linear graph. The drying down rate of the individual hybrids was determined by examining the b term of the linear equation.

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