scholarly journals Rehabilitation of Patients with Severe Disability after coVID-19 in Rehabilitation Department. Multiple Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Vladimirsky ◽  
Evgeniy V. Vladimirsky ◽  
Anna N. Lunina ◽  
Anatoliy D. Fesyun ◽  
Andrey P. Rachin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Multiple Case

The review analyzes the data of scientific publications on the effects of molecular mechanisms initiated by physical exertion on thefunction of the cardiovascular system and the course of cardiac diseases. As practice and a number of evidence-based studies haveshown, the beneficial effects of physical activity on the outcomes of diseases in a number of cardiac nosologies are comparable todrug treatment. Numerous mechanisms mediate the benefits of regular exercise for optimal cardiovascular function. Exercises causewidespread changes in numerous cells, tissues, and organs in response to increased metabolic demand, including adaptation of thecardiovascular system. Physical exercises, which include various types of aerobic exercises of varying intensity and duration, is animportant component of the therapeutic treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Knowledge of the molecular basis ofthe physical activity impact on the cardiovascular system makes it possible to use biochemical markers to assess the effectiveness ofrehabilitation programs.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effects of physical exercise: Implications in health and disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
Sebastian Romeo Pintilie ◽  
◽  
Alice D. Condrat ◽  
Adriana Fodor ◽  
Adela-Viviana Sitar-Tăut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
The Brain

Physical exercises have long been linked to numerous health improvements, ranging from cardiovascular to psychiatric. In this review, we take a closer look on its anatomical, physiological and chemical effects on the brain. Starting from the clinical to the cellular level, we will analyze the neurogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects on Brain-Blood Barrier and synaptic plasticity, outlining known molecular aspects that are influenced by physical activity, such as: gene expression, changes of growth factors and neurotransmitter levels and means of reverting molecular mechanisms of ageing. The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the central molecules that links the physical exercise to neurogenesis, neuroprotection, cognitive functions, dendritic growth, memory formation and many more. We indicate the correlation between physical activity and mental health in diseases like depression, Alzheimer’s dementia and Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals Physical activity patterns in urban neighbourhood parks: insights from a multiple case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin R McCormack ◽  
Melanie Rock ◽  
Kenda Swanson ◽  
Lindsay Burton ◽  
Alessandro Massolo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Multiple Case

scholarly journals Industry 4.0 and the New Simulation Modelling Paradigm

Organizacija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaž Rodič
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Multiple Case

Abstract Background and Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the influence of Industry 4.0 on the development of the new simulation modelling paradigm, embodied by the Digital Twin concept, and examine the adoption of the new paradigm via a multiple case study involving real-life R&D cases involving academia and industry. Design: We introduce the Industry 4.0 paradigm, presents its background, current state of development and its influence on the development of the simulation modelling paradigm. Further, we present the multiple case study methodology and examine several research and development projects involving automated industrial process modelling, presented in recent scientific publications and conclude with lessons learned. Results: We present the research problems and main results from five individual cases of adoption of the new simulation modelling paradigm. Main lesson learned is that while the new simulation modelling paradigm is being adopted by big companies and SMEs, there are significant differences depending on company size in problems that they face, and the methodologies and technologies they use to overcome the issues. Conclusion: While the examined cases indicate the acceptance of the new simulation modelling paradigm in the industrial and scientific communities, its adoption in academic environment requires close cooperation with industry partners and diversification of knowledge of researchers in order to build integrated, multi-level models of cyber-physical systems. As shown by the presented cases, lack of tools is not a problem, as the current generation of general purpose simulation modelling tools offers adequate integration options.

‘I’m nearly as active as the boys who play football’: A multiple-case study of social identification among least active pupils

2021 ◽  
pp. 1356336X2110028
Author(s):  
Anette Bentholm ◽  
Charlotte Pawlowski ◽  
Sine Agergaard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Professionals ◽  
Multiple Case

Polarisation between the least and most active pupils is increasing both in Denmark and worldwide, and the least active pupils often have poorer mental health and low physical self-esteem. However, the least active pupils’ perspectives on physical activity in school are underrepresented in the research. This study explores how the least active pupils describe the purpose of physical activity at school and how active they consider themselves to be in relation to their classmates. To establish the above, we draw on Jenkins’ theory of social identity, which points to the dialectics between internal identification and external categorisation. Three schools were selected for a qualitative multiple-case study, focusing on the least active Year 3 pupils (aged 9–10). Thirty individual semi-structured interviews with these pupils were conducted, combined with 15 days of participant observations, at each school in 2018. Data were analysed using an abductive approach. The findings showed that the least active pupils’ descriptions of why they were active mainly referred to narrow understandings of physical health in line with broader societal explanations. Further, the pupils depicted a stigmatic categorisation of overweight and inactive pupils and described them as a group they did not belong to. Instead, they identified themselves with the active pupils, for example, in stating that they were almost as active as the ‘football boys’. To change pupils’ narrow identifications and stigmatic categorisations, school professionals should focus less on health as an argument for physical activity.

scholarly journals Potential benefits of Yoga in pregnancy-related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for working women

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
Pooja Nadholta ◽  
Parul Bali ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
Akshay Anand
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Working Women ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
In Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a vulnerable period of growth and enrichment along with many physiological and psychological challenges. These changes can lead to complications if compounded by external stress and anxiety. COVID-19 has emerged as a chief stressor among the general population and is a serious threat among vulnerable populations. Therefore, there is a need for stress management tools, such as Yoga and physical exercises, both at home and at work. These can be adopted during the pandemic with proper maintenance of social distancing. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compile literature that has reported the health outcomes of Yoga intervention on pregnancy at the workplace and analyzes both the restrictions as well as advantages of its beneficial effects in comparison to physical exercises. METHODOLOGY: A comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used for the search include “Yoga”, “work”, “complications”, “physical exercise”, “drugs” and “COVID” indifferent permutations and combinations with “pregnancy”. We compiled the literature with respect to pregnancy complications and the effects of drugs, physical activity and Yoga for preventing these complications. RESULTS: We noted that pregnancy-related complications are becoming more prevalent because of a sedentary lifestyle, restricted physical activity and growing stress. In such situations, a home or workplace Yoga protocol can combine both exercise and mindfulness-based alleviation of anxiety for both working and non-working women. CONCLUSION: Yoga can be effective for combating stress and anxiety besides boosting immunity in pregnant working women confronted with the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Progress and Study Protocol Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1757-1757
Author(s):  
Lyndon Joseph ◽  
Williams John
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protocol Design ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Physical activity is beneficial to human health and wellbeing across the lifespan. The numerous benefits of regular physical activity (PA) have long been recognized. Despite this, most exercise studies are associational and the molecular mechanisms that are the bases for the beneficial effects remain obscure as are the mechanisms of multiorgan communications and benefits. MoTrPAC is a large NIH discovery project (19 grants; 37 Principal Investigators; 23 institutions) whose goals are to assemble a comprehensive map of the molecular changes that occur in response to exercise and provide insights into how they are altered by age, sex, body composition and fitness level and develop a user-friendly database to facilitate investigator-initiated studies and catalyze the field of PA research and explore hypotheses exploring novel mechanisms by which PA improves or preserves health. Methods This project will explore and document changes in molecules mobilized in blood, muscle and fat in humans as well as 15 additional tissues for rats in response to different aerobic and resistance exercise regimes. The human studies are a multicenter clinical trial cohort of people of both sexes from 10–80 years of age and recruitment has begun. Preclinical animal Studies (PASS) have been conducted in 6 and 18-month old F344 rats and tissues harvested from control inactive rats and rats at seven time-points following a single 30 minute acute bout of treadmill running. A separate group of rats were subjected to an intensive (70% VO2max) and progressive run training program of 5 day/week for 1,2, 4, or 8 weeks with 18 tissues collected. Multiple state of art and omics platforms including genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic and metabolomics are being employed to define and discover the molecules mobilized in response to exercise. Results This presentation will highlight the study protocol design and data from the initial public data release (November 15th, 2019). Data will be available to the extramural community to collaborate with the MoTrPAC investigators to explore innovative mechanisms to expand the impact of the initial studies. Conclusions The product from this consortium will begin to characterize the molecular mechanisms of molecules identified in the ‘molecular map’ that underlie the beneficial effects of PA. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals The Effect of Resveratrol on the Cardiovascular System from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10152
Author(s):  
Roland Gal ◽  
Laszlo Deres ◽  
Kalman Toth ◽  
Robert Halmosi ◽  
Tamas Habon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. The cardioprotective effects of natural polyphenols such as resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene) have been extensively investigated throughout recent decades. Many studies of RES have focused on its favorable effects on pathological conditions related to cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. The aim of this review was to summarize the wide beneficial effects of resveratrol on the cardiovascular system, including signal transduction pathways of cell longevity, energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes or cardiac remodeling, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition, this paper discusses the significant preclinical and human clinical trials of recent years with resveratrol on cardiovascular system. Finally, we present a short overview of antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and possible future perspectives on RES against COVID-19 in cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Nutri(epi)genomics in Achieving the Body’s Full Potential in Physical Activity

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Petracci ◽  
Rosita Gabbianelli ◽  
Laura Bordoni
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Right

Physical activity represents a powerful tool to achieve optimal health. The overall activation of several molecular pathways is associated with many beneficial effects, mainly converging towards a reduced systemic inflammation. Not surprisingly, regular activity can contribute to lowering the “epigenetic age”, acting as a modulator of risk toward several diseases and enhancing longevity. Behind this, there are complex molecular mechanisms induced by exercise, which modulate gene expression, also through epigenetic modifications. The exercise-induced epigenetic imprint can be transient or permanent and contributes to the muscle memory, which allows the skeletal muscle adaptation to environmental stimuli previously encountered. Nutrition, through key macro- and micronutrients with antioxidant properties, can play an important role in supporting skeletal muscle trophism and those molecular pathways triggering the beneficial effects of physical activity. Nutrients and antioxidant food components, reversibly altering the epigenetic imprint, have a big impact on the phenotype. This assigns a role of primary importance to nutri(epi)genomics, not only in optimizing physical performance, but also in promoting long term health. The crosstalk between physical activity and nutrition represents a major environmental pressure able to shape human genotypes and phenotypes, thus, choosing the right combination of lifestyle factors ensures health and longevity.

Inflammageing in the cardiovascular system: mechanisms, emerging targets, and novel therapeutic strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2243-2262
Author(s):  
Danlin Liu ◽  
Gavin Richardson ◽  
Fehmi M. Benli ◽  
Catherine Park ◽  
João V. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Ach Receptors

Abstract In the elderly population, pathological inflammation has been associated with ageing-associated diseases. The term ‘inflammageing’, which was used for the first time by Franceschi and co-workers in 2000, is associated with the chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory processes coupled to biological ageing. The source of these inflammatory processes is debated. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammageing. The SASP is characterised by the release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altered regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic receptors, and abnormal NAD+ metabolism. Therefore, SASP may be ‘druggable’ by small molecule therapeutics targeting those emerging molecular targets. It has been shown that inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, the pathomechanism involving SASP activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome; modulation of NLRP3 via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors; and modulation by senolytics targeting other proteins have gained a lot of interest within cardiovascular research and drug development communities. In this review, which offers a unique view from both clinical and preclinical target-based drug discovery perspectives, we have focused on cardiovascular inflammageing and its molecular mechanisms. We have outlined the mechanistic links between inflammageing, SASP, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, nicotinic ACh receptors, and molecular targets of senolytic drugs in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We have addressed the ‘druggability’ of NLRP3 and nicotinic α7 receptors by small molecules, as these proteins represent novel and exciting targets for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammageing in the cardiovascular system and beyond.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document