scholarly journals Tyrosinase Enzymes Activities and Sun Protection Factor of Ethanol Extract, Water Fraction, and n-Butanol Fraction of Chromolaena odorata L. Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 493-498
Author(s):  
Karlina Amir Tahir ◽  
Upik A. Miskad ◽  
Khairuddin Djawad ◽  
Sartini Sartini ◽  
Natsir M. Djide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme

Background: The need for skincare is increasing. One of the indicators of skin health is the brightness of the skin tone. Tyrosinase enzymes can darken the skin color due to their activity against melanin biosynthesis. The skin color will also change when exposed to UV rays, and even at a more severe level, it can cause cancer. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory activity of the tyrosinase enzyme and the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value of ethanol extract, water fraction, and n-butanol fraction from Chromolaena odorata L. leaves. Methods: In this study, tests were carried out on ethanol extract, water fraction, and an n-butanol fraction of C. odorata leaves to inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity based on percent inhibition and determination of inhibitory activity against UV light based on the SPF value. Determination of tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity using an ELISA reader was carried out by calculating the IC50 value with kojic acid as a positive control and measuring the SPF value using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Result: The results showed that the IC50 value of the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity test, kojic acid as a positive control was 24.85 µg/mL (very strong), ethanol extract samples, water fraction, and n-butanol fraction were 191 µg/mL (weak), 65.86 µg/mL (very strong), and 14.59 µg/mL (very strong), respectively. The SPF value, including minimal protection shown by the ethanol extract at a concentration of 60 µg/mL, the water fraction at a 120 µg/mL concentration, and the n-butanol fraction a concentration of 40 µg/mL. Conclusion: The ethanol extract, water fraction, and n-butanol fraction of the Chromolaena odorata L. had an inhibitory effect on the tyrosinase enzyme and sun protection capacity used as an ingredient in cosmetic preparations

scholarly journals FORMULATION STRATEGY, STABILITY ISSUES, SAFETY AND EFFICACY EVALUATIONS OF ACACIA CATECHU WHITENING CREAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Oraphan Anurukvorakun ◽  
Narongrit Lahpun ◽  
Rachadaporn Boonruang
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
Stability Issues

Objective: To investigate among formulation strategy, stability issues, safety and efficacy (tyrosinase inhibitory activity and sun protection) of a novel whitening cream containing Acacia catechu heartwood extract. Methods: The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the A. catechu extract was investigated using L-DOPA as a substrate. A combination of silicone and three photo-protective filters; natural UV filter (A. catechu extract), chemical and physical filters, was formulated and evaluated. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF), stability, skin allergy or irritation, and the satisfaction of the developed whitening creams, were investigated. Results: The A. catechu extract showed the strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity with the percentage of inhibition of 61.58% at the concentration of 120 mg/ml compared to a positive control of kojic acid (98.73 % inhibition) at the same concentration of 120 mg/ml. impressively, the highest SPF of A. catechu whitening cream with physical and chemical UV filters was 30. While, the highest SPF of the A. catechu whitening cream without those filters, was 24. No changes in color, liquefaction and phase separation were observed for the developed whitening cream when stored in the refrigerator. Among the twenty volunteers, eighteen volunteers had no skin irritation, while one of them had redness (Transient) and then another one had erythema or very slight irritation to the developed whitening creams. Besides, there was no statistically significant difference for the satisfaction between A. catechu whitening creams and commercial whitening creams (p>0.05). Conclusion: Obviously, A. catechu whitening creams had very high efficacy, stability, and safety for being a commercial product in a near future.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Kumaun Himalayan Biota orientalis Endl. leaves extracts against pathogenic fungi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Savita Joshi ◽  
S. C. Sati ◽  
Parikshit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Percent Inhibition ◽  
Biota Orientalis

An increasing demand for natural plant products has shifted the attention from synthetic to natural antifungal agents. This study was   carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, hexane and water extracts of Biota orientalis Endl. leaves, a Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermic plant. The antifungal potential of all extracts of B. orientalis were tested against seven different fungal strains (Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Pyricularia oryzae, Sclerotinia rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Tilletia indica) using agar-well diffusion method. The ethanol extract was found most active against all the pathogens tested (Percent inhibition, 27-59%) followed by hexane extract (Percent inhibition, 31-58%) and methanol extract (27-57%) while     chloroform and aqueous extracts were found totally inactive against all the tested fungal strains, only chloroform extract showed       inhibitory activity against S. rolfsii (% inhibition, 58%). The inhibitory activity of these extracts was found very effective as compared to Clotrimazol, standard antifungal agent that was used as positive control against tested fungal strains.

Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Etanol Ganoderma sp. Asal Pulau Lombok

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Adelina Oktaviani ◽  
Aida Muspiah ◽  
Faturrahman Faturrahman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Activity Test

The use of antibiotics that are not according to the rules and antibiotics in the long term can cause resistance to bacteria. This study aims to determine the presence of antibacterial activity and the effect of increasing the concentration of ethanol extract of Ganoderma sp. against several test bacteria. Extract from Ganoderma sp. obtained by maceration method using ethanol 95% solvent. The extract concentrations used were 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. This research was conducted using the wells method with ciprofloxacin as a positive control and 50% DMSO as a negative control. The parameter measured is the large diameter of the inhibition formed around the well. The results of the antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract Ganoderma sp. has greater inhibitory activity against gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory activity of ethanolic extract of Ganoderma sp. on the growth of test bacteria increased with increasing concentration of the extract

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF α –GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF Moringa oleifera ETHANOLIC EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Spl-2-ICOPMES_2020) ◽  
pp. S269-S273
Author(s):  
Rizky Rahmwaty Alami ◽  
◽  
Herlina Rante ◽  
Yulia Yusrini Djabir ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitor ◽  
Plant Samples

The purpose of this research was to determine the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity of Moringa oleifera plant samples collected from the three geographical areas viz., Saragi, Bacuhau, and Batumatongka of Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia. Ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was prepared by the maceration method using 95% ethanol. The estimation of α –glucosidase inhibitory activity of this extract was performed in vitro. The results of the study showed that ethanolic extract of three Moringa samples i.e. Sarangi, Bacuhau, and Batumatongka had the IC50value of 18.62, 10.18, 10.58 ppm, respectively while IC50value for the acarbose positive control was reported 11.54ppm. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that ethanolic extract of Moringa could inhibit α –glucosidase and this potential was similar to the commercial α –glucosidase inhibitor acarbose.

scholarly journals Melientha suavis Pierre. Extract: Antioxidant and Sunscreen Properties for Future Cosmetic Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pahol Sansomchai ◽  
◽  
Kanlaya Jumpatong ◽  
Chaipat Lapinee ◽  
Kanchana Utchariyajit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Abts Assay ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Sun Protection Factor

The ultimate aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activities using DPPH and ABTS assay and antioxidant substances of Melientha suavis Pierre (Melientha) extracts with ethanol (EtOH) and subsequent partition with hexane, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and distilled water (W). The Melientha extract was assessed the sunscreen activities by sun protection factor which was compared with octyldimethyl PABA. Additionally, the stability test of Melientha extracts added in the cosmetic base-formula was investigated. The sun protection substances of Melientha extracts were determined by GC-MS analysis. Among the extract and fractions, the ethanolic extract showed the highest activities. The IC50 of Melientha extract to free radical scavenging determined by DPPH assay and ABTS assay were 53.20 ± 7.37 μg/ml and 64.17 ± 5.76 μg/ml, respectively. The total phenolic compound of ethanol extract was 149.87 ± 2.72 mg GE/g of ext and total flavonoid content was 51.60 ± 4.12 mg CE/g of ext. The sun protection factor (SPF) of ethanol extract was 26.61 ± 0.10. Cinamate and its derivative which were claim as sunscreen substance was found by GC-MS analysis of Melientha ethanol extract.

scholarly journals Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Batang Saluang Belum (Luvunga sarmentosa Kurz) Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Rezqi Handayani ◽  
Nurul Qamariah ◽  
Muhammad Izmiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inhibition Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Percolation Method

Saluang Belum (Luvunga sarmentosa Kurz) adalah tumbuhan yang dikenal sebagai obat tradisional di Kalimantan Tengah. Batang L. sarmentosa Kurz dipercayai memiliki manfaat secara empiris sebagai antioksidan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai anti-aging (anti penuaan dini). Batang L. sarmentosa Kurz mengandung metabolit sekunder yaitu tanin, saponin, steroid dan flavonoid yang diduga memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Berdasarkan khasiat empiris dan kandungan metabolit sekunder yang ada dalam tumbuhan L. sarmentosa Kurz, maka dilakukan penelitian tentang aktivitas daya hambat ekstrak etanol tumbuhan ini terhadap bakteri P. acnes yang merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab jerawat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas daya hambat ekstrak etanol batang L. sarmentosa Kurz terhadap bakteri P.acnes. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini dimulai dari pengambilan simplisia, pembuatan ekstrak etanol dengan metode perkolasi dan uji daya hambat dengan menggunakan metode Disk Difusion yang menggunakan kontrol positif antibiotik klindamicin. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan lebar zona hambat dari ekstrak etanol batang L. sarmentosa Kurz  dengan kategori penghambatan antimikroba klindamisin berdasarkan diameter zona hambat dari Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.  Hasil uji daya hambat didapatkan zona hambat ekstrak etanol batang Saluang Belum pada semua konsentrasi 0,5%, 1%, 5%, 10% dan 15% secara berturut-turut yaitu  Intermediate, Resistant, Intermediate, Susceptible dan Susceptible dan hasil dari zona hambat klindamicin pada semua konsentrasi 0,5%,1%,5%,10%,dan 15% adalah susceptible. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol batang L. sarmentosa Kurz mempunyai kemampuan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri P.acnes.           Kata Kunci: Obat Tradisional, Jerawat, Uji Daya Hambat, Propionibacterium acnes, Batang Saluang Belum Saluang belum (Luvunga sarmentosa Kurz) is one of traditional medicine in Central Kalimantan. The stem of L. sarmentosa Kurz is believed to have empirical benefits as an antioxidant which is used as anti-ageing (anti-ageing). The stem of L. sarmentosa Kurz contains secondary metabolites, namely tannins, saponins, steroids and flavonoids which are thought to have antibacterial activity. Based on the empirical properties and the content of secondary metabolites in L. sarmentosa Kurz, a study was conducted on the inhibitory activity of this plant's ethanol extract against P. acnes, which is one of the bacteria that causes acne. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory activity of the ethanol extract of L. sarmentosa Kurz stem against P.acnes bacteria. The research method carried out in this study started from taking simplicia, making ethanol extract using the percolation method and the inhibition test using the disk diffusion method which used a positive control of the clindamycin antibiotic. Data analysis was performed by comparing the inhibition zone width of the ethanol extract of L. sarmentosa Kurz stem with the clindamycin antimicrobial inhibition category based on the inhibition zone diameter of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The results of the inhibition test obtained the inhibition zone of Saluang Belum stem ethanol extract at all concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10% and 15% respectively, Intermediate, Resistant, Intermediate, Susceptible and Susceptible and the results of the inhibition zone. Clindamycin at all concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15% are susceptible. This research concludes that the ethanol extract of L. sarmentosa Kurz stem can inhibit the growth of P.acnes bacteria.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI KARANG LUNAK Sinularia SP. DI TELUK MANADO

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Lyone Katiandagho ◽  
Defny S Wewengkang ◽  
Sri Sudewi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Water Fraction

ABSTRACT Soft Coral Sinularia sp.has been shown to have antibacterial activity. This research aims to determine the antibacterial activity of marine  organisms obtained from Manado bay. The method in this study is the diffusion method with positive control chloramphenicol and negative control of methanol in Escerichia coli and Sthaphylococcus aureus. The result showed that extracts, chloroform fraction and methanol-water fraction were obtained inhibiting category of Sthapylococcus aureus bacteria, but in the chloroform fraction and ethanol extract can inhibit Escerichia coli bacteria categorized as strong. With it can be conlueded that the extract and fraction of soft Sinularia sp. have bioactive compounds with a broth spectrum of antibacterial activity.Keywords: Sinularia sp., Chloramphenicol, Escerichia coli, Sthaphylococcus aureus, and antibacterial. ABSTRAK Karang lunak Sinularia sp. telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri pada organisme biota laut yang diperoleh dari teluk Manado. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode difusi agar dengan kontrol positif kloramfenikol dan kontrol negatit metanol pada Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak, fraksi kloroform, dan fraksi metanol-air dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aereus dikategorikan sedang, namun pada fraksi kloroform dan ekstrak etanol dapat menghambat bakteri Escerichia coli dikategorikan kuat. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi karang lunak Sinularia sp.memiliki senyawa bioaktif dengan spektrum yang luas terhadap aktivitas antibakteri.Kata kunci: Sinularia sp, Kloramfenikol, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan antibakteri

scholarly journals Photoprotective and Inhibitory Activity of Tyrosinase in Extract and Fractions of Terminalia catappa L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Maulita Indrisari ◽  
Sartini Sartini ◽  
Upik A. Miskad ◽  
Khairuddin Djawad ◽  
Karlina Amir Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Skin Damages

BACKGROUND: Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes various skin damages. One of the most significant risks to skin occurrence is cancer and photoaging. Recent strategies for photoprotection have included incorporating natural sunscreens and antityrosinase. AIM: This study aimed to determine the sun protection factor (SPF) and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase of the extract and fractions of leaves of Terminalia catappa Linn. METHOD: The dried leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The extract and fractions were screened for their phytochemical profile, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was evaluated and expressed as IC50. The photoprotective activity of extract and fractions were measured by a UV spectrophotometric. RESULTS: Among the tested samples, the ethyl acetate fraction showed ultraprotection on erythema transmission rate (%TE), sunblock on pigmentation transmission (%TP), and minimum protection on SPF. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest activity to inhibit tyrosinase (IC50 was 50.54±2.37 μg/mL). The phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. CONCLUSION: This study’s findings revealed a higher tyrosinase inhibitor and sun protection capacity of ethyl acetate fraction of leaves of T. catappa and suitable to develop as a cosmetic agent.

Phenylpropanoid and Iridoid Glucosides from the Whole Plant of Hemiphragma heterophyllum and Their alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (03) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Yan-Hong Li ◽  
Jia-Meng Dai ◽  
Cui Yang ◽  
Meng-Yuan Jiang ◽  
Yong Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Iridoid Glucoside ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Iridoid Glucosides ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

AbstractThree phenylpropanoid glucosides (1 – 3) and one iridoid glucoside (11), together with eleven known glucosides, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Hemiphragma heterophyllum. Their structures were elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, and chemical methods. All compounds except 11 and 13 – 15 showed varying degrees of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 5, 9, and 12 were marginally active in the bioassay, while compounds 1 – 4, 6 – 8, and 10 exhibited appreciable inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 33.6 ~ 83.1 µM, which was much lower than that of the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 310.8 µM).

scholarly journals Potential Antidiabetic Activity of Extracts and Isolated Compound from Adenosma bracteosum (Bonati)

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Hong Nguyen ◽  
Quang Thang Pham ◽  
Thi Ngoc Han Luong ◽  
Hoang Khai Le ◽  
Van Giau Vo
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Standard Drug

Adenosma bracteosum Bonati. (A. bracteosum) has been used in traditional and modern medicine in Vietnam for curing hepatitis. In this study, ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. bracteosum were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and anti-hyperglycemic effects on glucose loaded hyperglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. The α-glucosidase inhibition of the extracts was evaluated by colorimetric assays, and the anti-diabetic activity was tested on a STZ-induced diabetic mice model. The ethanol and aqueous extracts showed a significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which was more effective than acarbose at the same concentration. In the STZ-induced diabetic mice, both extracts showed a strong anti-hyperglycemic activity, with the group receiving 50 mg/kg of ethanol extract and the group receiving 50 mg/kg of aqueous extract presenting 64.42% and 57.69% reductions, respectively, in the blood glucose levels when compared with the diabetic control group, on day 21 (p > 0.05). Isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (IG) was identified from the ethanol extract, which showed a strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, with a ten times higher potency compared with the positive control acarbose. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of IG was effectively similar to the standard drug, glibenclamide, at the same dose of 10 mg/kg (p > 0.05). These results indicated that A. bracteosum has a great antidiabetic potential.

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