In vitro evaluation of Bifidobacterium strains of human origin for potential use in probiotic functional foods

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Souza ◽  
A.M. Silva ◽  
J.R.P. Drews ◽  
D.A. Gomes ◽  
C.G. Vinderola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hydrophobic Property

The present study investigated some in vitro properties for probiotic use of four strains of bifidobacteria isolated from faeces of healthy children (Bifidobacterium longum 51A, Bifidobacterium breve 1101A, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum 1191A and Bifidobacterium bifidum 1622A). In vitro tests were carried out to compare growth rate, aerotolerance, antagonistic activity against pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and cell wall hydrophobicity. Mean doubling time of B. longum 51A was shorter compared to the other strains. All strains were aerotolerant up to 72 h of exposure to oxygen. In vitro antagonism showed that B. longum 51A and B. pseudolongum 1191A were able to produce inhibitory diffusible compounds against all pathogenic bacteria tested, but not against Candida albicans. B. longum 51A was sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested, except neomycin. The hydrophobic property of the cell wall was highest for B. bifidum 1622A. Based on these parameters, B. longum 51A showed the best potential for probiotic use among the tested strains, presenting the greatest sensitivity to antimicrobials, the best growth rate and the highest capacity to produce antagonistic substances against various pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Selection criteria of Pediococcus sp. and Bifidobacterium bifidum Strains Isolated from Cereals Based on Fermented Food for Probiotic Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Good Adherence ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Bile Resistance

Cereal based Fermented foods are a rich source of Probiotic organisms. Once if the Probiotic organisms are consumed, it should be capable of adhering to the colon region. To find out the efficiency of Pediococcus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. they were subjected to in-vitro tests such as tolerance to bile, resistance to low pH values, cell adhesion and antagonistic activity among the two organisms, Bifidobacterium sp. showed better growth at pH 3.5 than Pediococcus sp. during the increased incubation time. Cells remain viable up to 0.8% of bile concentration beyond which the multiplication was slow in the case of both the strains. Bifidobacterium sp. showed good adherence to the substratum than Pediococcus sp. Both the organisms were antagonistic against common enteric pathogens, which is an ideal characteristic of a probiotic.

scholarly journals Recombinant in vitro test T-SPOT.TB as a screening method for early diagnosis of tuberculosis infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
E. P. Eremenko ◽  
E. A. Borodulina ◽  
I. A. Sergeeva ◽  
D. A. Kudlay ◽  
B. E. Borodulin
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vitro Test

In addition to standard skin tests (Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L and diaskintest) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, in vitro tests are used. One of these tests is T-SPOT.TB being more widely used in recent years.The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of T-SPOT.TB test for early detection of tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents in Samara Region.Subjects and methods. From 2016 to 2019, results of T-SPOT.TB tests performed in 596 children aged 2 to 17 years inclusive were analyzed; those children had no immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis infection using skin tests since their parents refused to have it.Results. It was found out that the major reason for refusing skin tests was the “fear” of visiting a TB dispensary if the result had been positive — 38.43% (n = 229). The latent tuberculosis infection according to the results of T-SPOT.TB among children with concomitant pathology made 2.6%, among healthy children – 0.7%.Conclusion. T-SPOT.TB test may be used as an alternative method for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, should the parent refuse to have skin tests. In children with concomitant pathology, T-SPOT.TB test can serve as a leading method for immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis.The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.

scholarly journals Non-Lytic Antibacterial Peptides That Translocate Through Bacterial Membranes to Act on Intracellular Targets

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon H. Cardoso ◽  
Beatriz T. Meneguetti ◽  
Bruna O. Costa ◽  
Danieli F. Buccini ◽  
Karen G. N. Oshiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Peptides ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Intracellular Targets

The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria has attracted great attention worldwide. As a response to this growing challenge, diverse studies have focused on the development of novel anti-infective therapies, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The biological properties of this class of antimicrobials have been thoroughly investigated, and membranolytic activities are the most reported mechanisms by which AMPs kill bacteria. Nevertheless, an increasing number of works have pointed to a different direction, in which AMPs are seen to be capable of displaying non-lytic modes of action by internalizing bacterial cells. In this context, this review focused on the description of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of non-lytic AMPs, including indolicidin, buforin II PR-39, bactenecins, apidaecin, and drosocin, also shedding light on how AMPs interact with and further translocate through bacterial membranes to act on intracellular targets, including DNA, RNA, cell wall and protein synthesis.

Enhancement of the ability of the porcine colonic microflora to resist colonisation by Salmonella poona, in an in vitro intestinal simulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
K. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Colonic Microflora

The ability of the porcine intestinal microflora to resist the establishment of pathogenic bacteria has been demonstrated previously (Hillman et al, 1994). Subsequent work has shown that certain intestinal lactobacilli react to the presence of a culture filtrate derived from a coliform pathogen by increasing their antagonistic activity towards that pathogen (Hillman and Robertson, unpublished), indicating the presence of a quorum-sensing or related mechanism. The current experiment was devised to determine whether a similar effect could be produced within the entire porcine colonic microflora, using an in vitro simulation system.

Characterization and evaluation of probiotic potential in vitro and in situ of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei isolated from tenate cheese

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyna N Falfán-Cortes ◽  
Nancy Mora-Peñaflor ◽  
Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa ◽  
Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas ◽  
Otilio A Acevedo-Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Probiotic Microorganism

The objectives of this investigation were a) to isolate bacteria from different foods (dairy products, fruits, and vegetables) and evaluate their probiotic potential and b) to select, identify, and characterize the strain with the highest probiotic potential. From 14 food samples, a total of 117 strains were isolated; however, only 42 (T1 to T42) showed the morphology (gram-positive, coco, and bacillar form) and were catalase- and oxidase-negative to be considered as a presumptive lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The antagonistic activity of the 42 strains was evaluated on Escherichia coli (O157:H7E09), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (ATCC 14028). The strains with the highest antagonistic activity were nine isolates from the following: pulque (T1), sprouted beans (T26), ranchero cheese (T30, T31, T32, T33, T35, T36), and tenate cheese (T40) with inhibition zones from 17.0 ± 1.2 to 19.3 ± 2.8 mm. Based on the antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria and resistance to low pH and bile salts, strain T40 exhibited the highest probiotic potential. Using the 16S rRNA technique, strain T40 was identified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (the previous taxonomic nomenclature was Lactobacillus paracasei , prior to the nomenclature change in April 2020); this strain presented no resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. The antagonistic activity was evaluated in situ (fresh cheese) against pathogenic bacteria, evidencing the probiotic potential of L. paracasei . Finally, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei isolated from tenate cheese showed characteristics as a probiotic microorganism and high potential in food technology.

scholarly journals Exposure to UV-B Radiation Leads to Increased Deposition of Cell Wall-Associated Xerocomic Acid in Cultures of Serpula himantioides

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Torres ◽  
Mariela González-Ramírez ◽  
Javiera Gavilán ◽  
Cristian Paz ◽  
Goetz Palfner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Metabolic Switch

ABSTRACT Many fungi are thought to have developed morphological and physiological adaptations to cope with exposure to UV-B radiation, but in most species, such responses and their protective effects have not been explored. Here, we study the adaptive response to UV-B radiation in the widespread, saprotrophic fungus Serpula himantioides, frequently found colonizing coniferous wood in nature. We report the morphological and chemical responses of S. himantioides to controlled intensities of UV-B radiation, under in vitro culture conditions. Ultraviolet radiation induced a decrease in the growth rate of S. himantioides but did not cause gross morphological changes. Instead, we observed accumulation of pigments near the cell wall with increasing intensities of UV-B radiation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analyses revealed that xerocomic acid was the main pigment present, both before and after UV-B exposure, increasing from 7 mg/liter to 15 mg/liter after exposure. We show that xerocomic acid is a photoprotective metabolite with strong antioxidant abilities, as evidenced by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt], and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Finally, we assessed the capacity of xerocomic acid as a photoprotective agent on HEK293 cells and observed better photoprotective properties than those of β-carotene. Xerocomic acid is therefore a promising natural product for development as a UV-protective ingredient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. IMPORTANCE Our study shows the morphological and chemical responses of S. himantioides to controlled doses of UV-B radiation under in vitro culture conditions. We found that increased biosynthesis of xerocomic acid was the main strategy adopted by S. himantioides against UV-B radiation. Xerocomic acid showed strong antioxidant and photoprotective abilities, which has not previously been reported. Our results indicate that upon UV-B exposure, S. himantioides decreases its hyphal growth rate and uses this energy instead to increase the biosynthesis of xerocomic acid, which is allocated near the cell wall. This metabolic switch likely allows xerocomic acid to efficiently defend S. himantioides from UV radiation through its antioxidant and photoprotective properties. The findings further suggest that xerocomic acid is a promising candidate for development as a cosmetic ingredient to protect against UV radiation and should therefore be investigated in depth in the near future both in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Meloidogyne javanica control by Pochonia chlamydosporia, Gracilibacillus dipsosauri and soil conditioner in tomato

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Silva de Podestá ◽  
Leandro Grassi de Freitas ◽  
Rosangela Dallemole-Giaretta ◽  
Ronaldo João Falcão Zooca ◽  
Larissa de Brito Caixeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nematophagous Fungus ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Pochonia Chlamydosporia ◽  
Soil Conditioner

Organic matter plays a fundamental role in the antagonistic activity of microorganisms against phytonematode populations on the soil. In this study, the compatibility between the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-12) and the rhizobacterium Gracilibacillus dipsosauri (MIC 14) was evaluated in vitro, as well as the effect of the fungus at the concentration of 5,000 chlamydospores per gram of soil, rhizobacterium at 4.65 x 10(9) cells/g of soil, and the soil conditioner Ribumin® at 10 g/pot, either alone or in combination, against Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato plants (3,000 eggs/pot). A suspension of water or Ribumin® alone was applied on the soil as negative control, while a suspension of nematode eggs was applied as positive control. The reduction in the number of galls in roots per plant was 48 and 41% for the treatments Ribumin + MIC 14 + Pc-12 and MIC 14 + Pc-12, respectively. Regarding to the number of eggs per plant, MIC 14 and Pc-12 + Ribumin led to a reduction by 26 and 21%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Interaction between the nematophagous fungus and the rhizobacterium was positive for the nematode control, even though G. dipsosauri inhibited P. chlamydosporia growth by up to 30% in in vitro tests.

scholarly journals Nonstarter Lactobacilli Isolated from Soft and Semihard Argentinean Cheeses: Genetic Characterization and Resistance to Biological Barriers

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2983-2991 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANA BUDE UGARTE ◽  
DANIELA GUGLIELMOTTI ◽  
GIORGIO GIRAFFA ◽  
JORGE REINHEIMER ◽  
ERICA HYNES
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Biological Barriers

Nonstarter lactic acid bacteria isolated from Argentinean cheeses were identified and characterized by focusing on their resistance to biological barriers, along with other physiological features of potential interest, in the search for future probiotic organisms. Lactobacilli were enumerated and isolated from semihard and soft cheeses made with multistrain Streptococcus thermophilus starters. Lactobacilli counts in 1-week-old cheeses were between 105 and 107 CFU/g and then reached 107 CFU/g in all 1-month samples, while streptococci were always above 109 CFU/g. A total number of 22 lactobacilli isolates were retained, identified, and characterized by in vitro tests. Species identity was determined by carbohydrate metabolism and species-specific PCR assays. Genetic diversity was explored by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR analysis. The Lactobacillus strains were assigned to the species L. casei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. curvatus, L. fermentum, and L. perolens. All the strains studied tolerated 25 ppm of lysozyme, and most of them showed resistance to 0.3% bile. After incubation in gastric solution (pH 2.0), counts decreased by several log units, ranging from 3.2 to 7.0. The strains were able to grow in the presence of bile salts, but only three isolates were capable of deconjugation. The nonstarter lactobacilli that were assayed fermented the prebiotic substrates (especially lactulose and inulin). Some strains showed high cell hydrophobicity and β-galactosidase activity, as well as inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria. It was concluded that most of the lactobacilli isolated in this study demonstrated resistance to biological barriers and physiological characteristics compatible with probiotic properties, which make them suitable for further research in in vivo studies aimed at identifying new probiotic organisms.

Assessment of the synbiotic properites of human milk oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis in vitro and in humanised mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Musilova ◽  
N. Modrackova ◽  
P. Hermanova ◽  
T. Hudcovic ◽  
R. Svejstil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
High Concentrations

The mode of delivery plays a crucial role in infant gastrointestinal tract colonisation, which in the case of caesarean section is characterised by the presence of clostridia and low bifidobacterial counts. Gut colonisation can be modified by probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are infant prebiotics that show a bifidogenic effect. Moreover, genome sequencing of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis within the infant microbiome revealed adaptations for milk utilisation. This study aimed to evaluate the synbiotic effect of B. longum subsp. infantis, HMOs and human milk (HM) both in vitro and in vivo (in a humanised mouse model) in the presence of faecal microbiota from infants born by caesarean section. The combination of B. longum and HMOs or HM reduced the clostridia and G-bacteria counts both in vitro and in vivo. The bifidobacterial population in vitro significantly increased and produce high concentrations of acetate and lactate. In vitro competition assays confirmed that the tested bifidobacterial strain is a potential probiotic for infants and, together with HMOs or HM, acts as a synbiotic. It is also able to inhibit potentially pathogenic bacteria. The synbiotic effects identified in vitro were not observed in vivo. However, there was a significant reduction in clostridia counts in both experimental animal groups (HMOs + B. longum and HM + B. longum), and a specific immune response via increased interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 production. Animal models do not perfectly mimic human conditions; however, they are essential for testing the safety of functional foods.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies against cell wall chitooligomers as accessory tools for the control of cryptococcosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Figueiredo ◽  
Fernanda Fonseca ◽  
Fernando Conte ◽  
Marcia Arissawa ◽  
Marcio L. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Essential Properties

Therapeutic strategies against systemic mycoses can involve antifungal resistance and significant toxicity. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches to fight fungal infections are urgent. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising tools to fight systemic mycoses. In this study, mAbs of the IgM isotype were developed against chitin oligomers. Chitooligomers derive from chitin, an essential component of the fungal cell wall and a promising therapeutic target, as it is not synthesized by humans or animals. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays and cell-binding tests showed that the mAbs recognizing chitooligomers have high affinity and specificity for the chitin derivatives. In vitro tests showed that the chitooligomer mAbs increased the fungicidal capacity of amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans. The chitooligomer-binding mAbs interfered with two essential properties related to cryptococcal pathogenesis: biofilm formation and melanin production. In a murine model of C. neoformans infection, the combined administration of the chitooligomer-binding mAb and subinhibitory doses of amphotericin B promoted disease control. The data obtained in this study support the hypothesis that chitooligomer antibodies are of great potential as accessory tools in the control of cryptococcosis.

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