Complete nutrient content of three species of wild caught insects, pallid-winged grasshopper, rhinoceros beetles and white-lined sphinx moth

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Finke
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Insects serve as a major source of nutrients for many animal species, but complete nutritional information of wild insects is lacking. Wild pallid-winged grasshoppers, rhinoceros beetles and white-lined sphinx moths were caught in Rio Verde, Arizona, in the summer of 2013 (grasshoppers and beetle) or the spring of 2015 (moths). Pallid-winged grasshoppers, rhinoceros beetles and white-lined sphinx moths were analysed for moisture, crude protein, fat, ash, acid detergent fibre, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids and vitamins and values compared the nutrient requirements for both rats and poultry as reported by the National Research Council (NRC). The acid detergent fibre was also analysed for nitrogen. When compared to the nutrient requirements as established by the NRC for growing rats, grasshoppers were deficient in calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D, thiamine and vitamin B12, beetles were deficient in calcium, vitamin A, vitamin E, thiamine, pyridoxine and linoleic acid and moths were deficient in calcium, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin D, pyridoxine and vitamin B12. In contrast when compared to the nutrient requirements as established by the NRC for growing broiler chickens, grasshoppers were only deficient in calcium, manganese, and vitamin A, beetles were deficient in calcium, manganese, vitamin A, vitamin E, thiamine and linoleic acid and moths were deficient in calcium, sodium, manganese, vitamin A, vitamin D, and linoleic acid. These data show that Pallid-winged grasshoppers, Rhinoceros beetles and White-lined sphinx moths were good sources of most known nutrients including all essential amino acids, most minerals and most vitamins.

V

2020 ◽  
pp. 813-843
Author(s):  
Sean Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Maternal Treatment

This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with V, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Vancomycin, Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin and vaccine, Vasopressin, desmopressin, and terlipressin, Vigabatrin, Vitamin A (retinol), Vitamin B12 (hydroxocobalamin), Vitamin D (special formulations), Vitamin D (standard formulations), Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol), Vitamin K1 = phytomenadione (rINN), phytonadione (USAP), and Vitamins (multi-vitamins)

scholarly journals Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiency after Bariatric Surgery

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eva-Christina Krzizek ◽  
Johanna Maria Brix ◽  
Alexander Stöckl ◽  
Verena Parzer ◽  
Bernhard Ludvik
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> While vitamin deficiency after bariatric surgery has been repeatedly described, few studies have focused on adequate micronutrient status. In this study, we examine the prevalence of vitamin and micronutrient deficiency for the first 3 years after surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Out of 1,216 patients undergoing surgery, 485 who underwent postoperative follow-up in an outpatient clinic between 2010 and 2019 were included in this evaluation (76.9% women, mean age 42 ± 12 years, mean BMI: year 1, 33.9 ± 19.2; year 2, 29.7 ± 8.7; year 3, 26.2 ± 4.0). Weight and cardiovascular risk factors as well as ferritin, vitamin B12, folic acid, 25-OH-vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, zinc, copper, and selenium were evaluated. Deficits were defined as follows: ferritin &#x3c;15 µg/L, vitamin B12 &#x3c;197 pg/mL, folic acid &#x3c;4.4 ng/mL, 25-OH-vitamin D &#x3c;75 nmol/L, vitamin A &#x3c;1.05 µmol/L, vitamin E &#x3c;12 µmol/L, zinc &#x3c;0.54 mg/L, copper &#x3c;0.81 mg/L, and selenium &#x3c;50 µg/L. All patients underwent dietary counselling and substitution of the respective deficits as appropriate. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One year after bariatric surgery, 485 patients completed follow-up. This number decreased to 114 patients in year 2, and 80 patients in year 3. Overall, 42.7% (<i>n</i> = 207) underwent sleeve gastrectomy, 43.7% (<i>n</i> = 211) Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass, and 13.9% (<i>n</i> = 67) gastric banding. The following deficits were found (year 1/2/3): ferritin, 21.6/35.0/32.5%; vitamin B12, 14.3/1.8/6.3%; folic acid, 29.7/21.6/15.3%; 25-OH-vitamin D, 70.8/67.0/57.4%; vitamin A, 13.2/8.9/12.8%; vitamin E, 0%; zinc, 1.7/0/1.5%; copper, 10.4/12.2/11.9%; selenium, 11.1/4.3/0%. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> As seen in other studies, the follow-up frequency decreased over the years. Despite intensive substitution, the extent of some deficiencies increased or did not improve. These results suggest reinforcing measures to motivate patients for regular follow-up visits, considering closer monitoring schedules, and improving supplementation strategies.

The nutritional biochemistry of wool and hair follicles

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.I. Hynd
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Fibre Growth

AbstractThe rôle of various classes of nutrients (energy substrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids) in the production of wool and hair from follicles, is considered for a variety of animal species. The wool and hair follicle have evolved a number of interesting features of carbohydrate metabolism including glutaminolysis, aerobic glycolysis, significant activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, and storage and mobilisation of glycogen. Presumably the necessity to continue to produce fibre despite fluctuations in the supply of oxygen and nutrients has resulted in some of these unique features, while others reflect the high level of DNA and protein synthesis occurring in the follicle. While it is considered that energy does not normally limit fibre growth, the relative contributions of aerobic and anerobic metabolism will greatly influence the amount of ATP available for follicle activity, such that energy availability may at times alter fibre growth. Alopecia and deficient fibre growth are consistent outcomes of deficiencies of biotin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate and pantothenic acid, but the precise rôles of these vitamins in follicle function await elucidation. Folate, in particular appears to play an important rôle in wool production, presumably reflecting its involvement in methionine metabolism. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) significantly alters fibre growth in cultured follicles; vitamin D receptors are located in the outer root sheath, bulb, and dermal papilla of the follicle; and alopecia occurs in humans with defects in the vitamin D receptor. Retinol (vitamin A), too, appears to influence follicle function by altering keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, with direct effects on the expression of keratin genes. The receptors for the retinoids are present in the keratogenous zone, the outer root sheath, the bulb, and the sebaceous glands. Vitamin A may also act indirectly on follicle function by influencing the activity of the insulin-like and epidermal growth factors and by altering vitamin D activity. At present there is little evidence implicating alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) or phytylmenaquinone (vitamin K) in follicular events. Of the minerals, only copper and zinc have been shown to have direct effects on follicle function, independent of effects on food intake. Copper has direct effects on the activity of an unidentified enzyme on oxidation of thiol groups to form disulphide linkages. Wool produced by copper-deficient sheep lacks crimp, is weak and lustrous. Copper is also necessary for the activity of tyrosinase and the tyrosinase-related proteins involved in melanin synthesis. Zinc, like copper, is required for the normal keratinization of fibres but again, the precise rôle has yet to be elucidated. While the importance of amino acid supply for wool growth has long been established, there are still some unaswered questions such as; what are the effects of amino acids on fibre growth in animals other than sheep; what are the characteristics of the amino acid transport genes and proteins operating in the wool and hair follicle; and what are the specific rôles for amino acids in follicle function.

scholarly journals Eggs Are Cost-Efficient in Delivering Several Shortfall Nutrients in the American Diet: A Cost-Analysis in Children and Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2406
Author(s):  
Yanni Papanikolaou ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Delivery ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of the current study was to examine the cost of eggs in relation to nutrient delivery in children and adults. The present analysis used dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 (egg consumers: 2–18 years-old, N = 956; 19+ years-old, N = 2424). Inflation adjusted food cost and the cost of nutrients were obtained from the Center for Nutrition Promotion and Policy food cost database. Cost and nutrient profiles for What We Eat in America food categories were compared to whole eggs. Of the 15 main food groups examined, whole eggs ranked third for lowest cost per 100 g (excluding beverages), such that eggs cost 0.35 USD per 100 g, with dairy and grains representing the first and second most cost-efficient foods, at 0.23 USD and 0.27 USD per 100 g, respectively. In children and adults, eggs represented a cost-efficient food for protein delivery, such that eggs provided nearly 2.7% and 3.7% of all protein in the diet, respectively, at a cost of about 0.03 USD per g of protein. Eggs contributed 3.8% and 6.0% of all vitamin A in the diet of children and adults, at a cost of approximately 0.002 USD and 0.003 USD per RAE mcg of vitamin A, respectively. In children 2–18 years-old, nearly 12% of all choline in the diet is delivered from eggs, at a cost of approximately 0.002 USD per mg of choline. Similarly, in adults 19-years-old+, eggs provide nearly 15% of all dietary choline in the diet, at a cost of approximately 0.002 USD per mg of choline. Eggs provide nearly 5% and 9.5% of all vitamin D in the diet of children and adults, at a cost of approximately 0.21 USD and 0.22 USD per mcg of vitamin D, respectively. Overall, eggs ranked as the most cost-efficient food for delivering protein, choline, and vitamin A, second for vitamin E, and third for vitamin D in children. In adults, eggs ranked as the most cost-efficient food for delivering protein and choline, second for vitamin A, and third for vitamin D and vitamin E. In summary, eggs represent an economical food choice for the delivery of protein and several shortfall nutrients (choline, vitamin A, and vitamin D) in the American diet.

Nutritional Adequacy of Different Menu Settings in Elite Spanish Adolescent Soccer Players

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Garrido ◽  
Anthony L Webster ◽  
Manuel Chamorro
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy

The article describes a study that evaluated the adequacy of 2 different menu settings in a group of elite adolescent Spanish soccer players. Five-day food intake was assessed on 2 occasions, while athletes were consuming a flexible “buffet-style” diet (B; n = 33) and a fixed “menu-style” diet (M; n = 29). For all principal meals of the day food weighing was performed, and snacks were recorded by self-report. M provided significantly higher total energy and carbohydrate intakes than B. Breakfast and snacks both provided more energy in M. Calories obtained from fat were excessive in both settings. Calcium and vitamin D were below recommendations in B but not in M. Fiber, magnesium, folate, vitamin A, and vitamin E intake fell below recommended values in both settings. M provided significantly greater quantities of magnesium and vitamins D and E. Both feeding options were far from optimal in satisfying current scientifically based recommendations for active adolescents.

FEATHER GROWTH AND FEATHER COMPOSITION OF BROILER CHICKENS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY-LOU FISHER ◽  
S. LEESON ◽  
W. D. MORRISON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Methionine Content

Feather-sexed broiler chicks were reared in litter floor pens in a controlled environment building and offered mash diets meeting National Academy of Science-National Research Council specifications. Ten birds of each sex were killed at weekly intervals and individual feather weight recorded. These feathers were analyzed for crude protein and essential amino acids. From within five replicate pens of each sex, litter was removed weekly from 28 to 49 days, and molted feathers removed, cleaned and weighed. Feather weight was consistently correlated (P < 0.05) with body weight only from 5–7 wk of age. Females lost consistently more feathers than male birds, with this differential being a factor of 3.5. The methionine content of feathers decreased with age, while that of threonine, isoleucine and valine increased with age. The data are presented for use in model prediction of broiler amino acid requirements.

scholarly journals Các Vitamin cần thiết như thế nào đối với bệnh nhân đái tháo đường typ 2

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Trung Vinh Hoàng
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1

Bài tổng quan sau đây nói về mối liên quan giữa đái tháo đường typ 2 (ĐTĐT2) với từng loại vitamin nói chung cũng như vitamin tổng hợp. Nồng độ các vitamin có tác dụng chống gốc tự do như vitamin A, C và E đều giảm ở BN ĐTĐ làm gia tăng các stress oxi hóa, góp phần gây bất thường chuyển hóa glucose. Mặt khác các protein mang retinol (vitamin A) còn có tác dụng điều biến tương tự như các adipokin. Mặc dù cơ chế gây giảm nồng độ các vitamin nhóm B như thiamin (vitamin B1), vitamin B6 và biotin là hoàn toàn chưa rõ song nếu bổ sung các loại đó lại có tác dụng cải thiện kiểm soát chuyển hóa ở BN ĐTĐ. Hấp thu acid folic và vitamin B12 sẽ bị giảm đi nếu sử dụng merformin kéo dài trong khi đó đây lại là thuốc lựa chọn hàng đầu để điều trị ĐTĐ chưa có biến chứng. Chính vì vậy nồng độ hai loại này bị thiếu hụt, rất cần bổ sung thường xuyên. Vitamin D đóng vai trò như là yếu tố nguy cơ (YTNC) gây biến chứng ở BN trong đó có biến chứng tim mạch. Cũng có ý kiến cho rằng vitamin K có liên quan đến chuyển hóa glucose song cần phải có thêm bằng chứng trong nghiên cứu. Việc sử dụng vitamin tổng hợp cho hiệu quả chưa rõ rệt. Tuy vậy hiện nay vẫn chưa có một chỉ định thống nhất nào về bồi phụ vitamin thiếu hụt ngoại trừ sử dụng acid folic và vitamin B12 nếu điều trị bằng metformin kéo dài.

scholarly journals Studi Perbandingan Komposisi Asam Lemak Daging Ikan Sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) Fase Yellow Eel Dari Sungai Palu Dan Danau Poso

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin ◽  
Putri Amelia ◽  
Agustinus Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Yellow Eel ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata ◽  
E Protein ◽  
B Vitamin

Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) memiliki keunggulan gizi atau nutrisi yang tinggi seperti vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, protein, mineral, dan asam lemak yang baik bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar asam lemak, dan membandingkan komposisi asam lemak dari ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kromatografi gas dengan mengubah ekstrak lemak menjadi metil ester asam lemak. Hasil analisis komposisi asam lemak daging ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan Danau Poso menunjukan kadar asam lemak jenuh masing-masing 2,766g/100g dan 0,275g/100g; asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal 4,029g/100g dan 0,276g/100g; dan asam lemak tak jenuh ganda 0,541g/100g dan 0,102g/100g. Terdapat perbedaan secara statistik (p<0.05) komposisi dan kadar asam lemak antara daging ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso. Komposisi asam lemak ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso masing-masing adalah 23 dan 18 jenis. Asam lemak yang ditemukan pada daging ikan sidat sungai Palu dan tidak ditemukan pada ikan sidat danau Poso adalah asam heneikosenoat, asam miristoleat, Cis-10-pentadekanoat, asam gamma linoleat, dan Cis-11,14,17-eikosatrinoat.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi, Asupan Makanan dengan Status Gizi Siswi Mts Darul Ulum

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Cross Sectional

Pengetahuan gizi merupakan landasan perilaku gizi seseorang, yang akan berefek pada asupan makanan dan status gizi siswi. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan gizi dan asupan makanan dengan status gizi. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak  51 siswi Mts Darul Ulum kelas 8 dan 9. Penelitian dilakukan bulan September 2019-Februari  2020. Uji hubungan menggunakan uji  Pearson dan uji Sperman’s rho. Uji korelasi pengetahuan gizi dan asupan energi p=0,103;  protein p=0,556; lemak p= 0,570; karbohidrat p=0,261; vitamin A p=0,036; vitamin D p=0,745; vitamin E=0,506; vitamin K p=0,590; vitamin C p=0,534; natrium p=0,491; kalsium p=0,640; zat besi p= 0,323. Hasil uji korelasi asupan energi dengan status gizi p=0,021; karbohidrat p=0,107; protein p=0,020; lemak p=0,32; vitamin A p=0,242; vitamin D p=0,491; vitamin E p=0,587; vitamin K p= 0,600; vitamin C p=0,069; natrium p=0,031; kalsium p=0,077; zat besi p=0,018. Ada hubungan pengetahuan gizi dan makanan dengan status gizi.

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