scholarly journals Industrial processing technologies for insect larvae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
D. Sindermann ◽  
J. Heidhues ◽  
S. Kirchner ◽  
N. Stadermann ◽  
A. Kühl
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Individual

For an economic production of safe and standardised products from commercially reared insects larvae for food and feed, industrial processing technologies for insects processing are needed. Protein meals for feed and food produced from insect larvae typically vary in fat content. Main factors influencing the fat content are the individual species, the substrate feed during rearing and the time of harvest. However, feed and food industry are looking for standardised products which can be adjusted to the customers’ specifications. Separation technologies to recover insect fat and thereby reduce the residual fat content in the dry meal have been adopted from familiar applications and have been further developed for insect larvae de-fatting. Two major process technologies that are used for industrial applications are discussed in this technical report: dry and wet processing. In comparison, both technologies have their individual advantages depending on the individual application and properties aimed for. Since these processes for lipid separation are joint processes not only low-fat meal is recovered but also lipids recovered can add value as an additional product. In addition, chitin can be separated to increase the protein content in the larvae meal and add value as biomaterial for further processing, e.g. production of chitosan. Moreover, automation and cleaning of complete process lines are important considerations. Especially for future food applications.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Cooling Rate of Six Olive Cultivars Using Thermal Imaging

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Eddy Plasquy ◽  
José M. Garcia ◽  
Maria C. Florido ◽  
Rafael R. Sola-Guirado
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Heat Requirements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research

Bringing the olive harvest period forward leads to storing fruit in field temperatures that risk jeopardizing its quality. Knowledge about the bio-thermal characteristics of olives is crucial when considering their cooling, although published research on the subject is limited. In this work, the cooling rate of the fruit of six olive cultivars has been empirically determined by measuring the evolution of their low temperature under controlled conditions by thermal imaging. Based on these data, the cooling time needed to cool the fruit to 22 °C was estimated, considering the biometric characteristics of the individual fruit, a field temperature from 26 to 42 °C, and a room cooling temperature from −8 to −20 °C. The results showed differences among the cultivars and the need to further investigate the specific heat requirements for small varieties and the impact of the conduction factor on the heavier ones. The simulation suggests that between 2 min (for the light Arbequina and Koroneiki cultivars) and 5 min (for the heavier Verdial and Gordal cultivars) suffice to cool the fruit to the desired temperature with a room temperature of −16 °C. These results show the feasibility of developing technological solutions for cooling olives before their industrial processing with industrial applications such as cooling tunnels on individual fruit.

scholarly journals Gene Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis: Powerful Tools for an Improved Diagnosis of Fish Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum Group Members

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 797
Author(s):  
Davide Mugetti ◽  
Mattia Tomasoni ◽  
Paolo Pastorino ◽  
Giuseppe Esposito ◽  
Vasco Menconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
The Individual

The Mycobacterium fortuitum group (MFG) consists of about 15 species of fast-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). These globally distributed microorganisms can cause diseases in humans and animals, especially fish. The increase in the number of species belonging to MFG and the diagnostic techniques panel do not allow to clarify their real clinical significance. In this study, biomolecular techniques were adopted for species determination of 130 isolates derived from fish initially identified through biochemical tests as NTM belonging to MFG. Specifically, gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were used based on a fragment of the gene encoding the 65 KDa heat shock protein (hsp65). The analyzes made it possible to confirm that all the isolates belong to MFG, allowing to identify the strains at species level. Phylogenetic analysis substantially confirmed what was obtained by gene sequencing, except for six strains; this is probably due to the sequences present in NCBI database. Although the methodology used cannot represent a univocal identification system, this study has allowed us to evaluate its effectiveness as regards the species of MFG. Future studies will be necessary to apply these methods with other gene fragments and to clarify the real pathogenic significance of the individual species of this group of microorganisms.

Dioxazine pigments

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Christie ◽  
Adrian Abel
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Linear Arrangement ◽  
Natural Colorant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organic Pigments ◽  
Tyrian Purple ◽  
Violet Color ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the structural and synthetic chemistry, and the industrial applications, of dioxazine pigments, a small group of high performance organic pigments. The color violet (or purple) has frequently assumed a prominent position in history, on account of its rarity and cost. The natural colorant Tyrian purple and the first synthetic textile dye, Mauveine, are prime examples of this unique historical feature. CI Pigment Violet 23, also referred to as Dioxazine Violet or Carbazole Violet, is one of the most universally used organic pigments, by far the most important industrial pigment in the violet shade area. Dioxazine Violet is also unique as the dominant industrial violet pigment providing a brilliant, intense violet color and an excellent all-round set of fastness properties. The pigment has a polycyclic molecular structure, originally described wrongly as a linear arrangement, and later shown to adopt an S-shaped arrangement on the basis of X-ray structural analysis. Two other dioxazine pigments are of rather lesser importance. The synthesis and manufacturing route to CI Pigment Violet 23 is described in the review. Finally, a survey of the principal current applications of the individual dioxazine pigments is presented.

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2012-2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Berthiller ◽  
P.A. Burdaspal ◽  
C. Crews ◽  
M.H. Iha ◽  
R. Krska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis ◽  
The Individual

This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2012 and mid-2013. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone. A wide range of analytical methods for mycotoxin determination in food and feed were developed last year, in particular immunochemical methods and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based methods. After a section on sampling and sample preparation, due to the rapid spread and developments in the field of LC-MS/MS multimycotoxin methods, a separate section has been devoted to this area of research. It is followed by a section on mycotoxins in botanicals and spices, before continuing with the format of previous reviews in this series with dedicated sections on method developments for the individual mycotoxins.

Fast and accurate detection of surface defect based on improved YOLOv4

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Lian ◽  
Junhong He ◽  
Yun Niu ◽  
Tianze Wang
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surface Defect ◽  
Steel Ingot ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Data

Purpose The current popular image processing technologies based on convolutional neural network have the characteristics of large computation, high storage cost and low accuracy for tiny defect detection, which is contrary to the high real-time and accuracy, limited computing resources and storage required by industrial applications. Therefore, an improved YOLOv4 named as YOLOv4-Defect is proposed aim to solve the above problems. Design/methodology/approach On the one hand, this study performs multi-dimensional compression processing on the feature extraction network of YOLOv4 to simplify the model and improve the feature extraction ability of the model through knowledge distillation. On the other hand, a prediction scale with more detailed receptive field is added to optimize the model structure, which can improve the detection performance for tiny defects. Findings The effectiveness of the method is verified by public data sets NEU-CLS and DAGM 2007, and the steel ingot data set collected in the actual industrial field. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed YOLOv4-Defect method can greatly improve the recognition efficiency and accuracy and reduce the size and computation consumption of the model. Originality/value This paper proposed an improved YOLOv4 named as YOLOv4-Defect for the detection of surface defect, which is conducive to application in various industrial scenarios with limited storage and computing resources, and meets the requirements of high real-time and precision.

Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
SHIVANI KASHYAP ◽  
CHANDAN KUMAR SAHU ◽  
ROHIT KUMAR VERMA ◽  
LAL BABU CHAUDHARY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scanning Electron

Due to large size and enormous morphological plasticity, the taxonomy of the genus Astragalus is very complex and challenging. The identification and grouping of species chiefly based on macromorphological characters become sometimes difficult in the genus. In the present study, the micromorphology of the seeds of 30 species belonging to 14 sections of Astragalus from India has been examined applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with light microscopy (LM) to evaluate their role in identification and classification. Attention was paid to colour, shape, size and surface of seeds. The overall size of the seeds ranges from 1.5–3.2 × 0.8–2.2 mm. The shape of the seeds is cordiform, deltoid, mitiform, orbicular, ovoid and reniform. The colour of seeds varies from brown to blackish-brown to black. Papillose, reticulate, ribbed, rugulate and stellate patterns were observed on the seed coat surface (spermoderm) among different species. The study reveals that the seed coat ornamentations have evolved differently among species and do not support the subgeneric and sectional divisions of the genus. However, they add an additional feature to the individual species, which may help in identification in combination with other macro-morphological features.

Feeding of cuticles from Tenebrio molitor larvae modulates the gut microbiota and attenuates hepatic steatosis in obese Zucker rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armaghan Saeb ◽  
Sarah Maria Grundmann ◽  
Denise K Gessner ◽  
Sven Schuchardt ◽  
Erika Most ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor Larvae

an alternative and sustainable source of food and feed. A byproduct from mass-rearing of insect larvae are the shed cuticles - the most external components of insects which are a...

Larval and post-larval stages of fishes recorded from the plankton of Galway Bay, 1972–73

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Fives ◽  
F. I. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Copepod Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Percentage Occurrence ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Recorded Occurrence

The Galway Bay area was sampled quantitatively for plankton during 1972–3. The larvae and/or post-larvae of 67 species of fish were identified from the plankton. The recorded occurrence per m3 and the percentage occurrence of the individual species is presented and discussed, and reference is made to the concurrent occurrence of various chaetognath species and copepod species. The results of previous investigations of the plankton of the Galway Bay area are mentioned.

scholarly journals Species interactions in three Lemnaceae species growing along a gradient of zinc pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Lanthemann ◽  
Sofia van Moorsel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Species Mixture ◽  
The Individual

Duckweeds (Lemnaceae) are increasingly studied for their potential for phytoremediation of heavy-metal polluted water bodies. A prerequisite for metal removal, however, is the tolerance of the organism to the pollutant, e.g., the metal zinc (Zn). Duckweeds have been shown to differ in their tolerances to Zn, however, despite them most commonly co-occurring with other species, there is a lack of research concerning the effect of species interactions on Zn tolerance. Here we tested whether the presence of a second species influenced the growth rate of the three duckweed species Lemna minor, Lemna gibba, and Lemna turionifera. We used four different Zn concentrations in a replicated microcosm experiment under sterile conditions, either growing the species in isolation or in a 2-species mixture. The response to Zn differed between species, but all three species showed a high tolerance to Zn, with low levels of Zn even increasing the growth rates. The growth rates of the individual species were influenced by the identity of the competing species, but this was independent of the Zn concentration. Our results suggest that species interactions should be considered in future research with duckweeds and that several duckweed species have high tolerance to metal pollution, making them candidates for phytoremediation efforts.

scholarly journals Estimation of above-ground phytomass and carbon in tree resources outside the forest (TROF): A geo-spatial approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Heyojoo ◽  
S. Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Image ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Specific Standard ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Carbon Project ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Species Specific

This study aims to estimate above-ground phytomass and carbon of TROF ecosystem in part of Bijnor district in Uttar Pradesh state of India using IRS P6 LISS-IV satellite image by geo-spatial approach coupled with field sampling. Chacko’s formula was referred to compute number of samples in each TROF types and the sample plot size in each stratum was adopted from Vegetation Carbon Project (VCP) under National Carbon Project (NCP). With the help of field data consisting mainly the height and girth information, volume of each individual tree per plot was obtained using site and tree species-specific standard volumetric equations. The phytomass was calculated by multiplying volume with Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) then with regional specific gravity of the individual species and summed up in each plot to get total phytomass per plot. The total phytomass per plot was reported to be maximum 544.00 t/ha for linear TROF followed by 121.89 t/ha for block TROF. The carbon from phytomass was obtained by multiplying the total phytomass by a conversion factor that represents the average carbon content in phytomass. Spectral modeling for phytomass with different bands and indices were established and the best fit curve (R2 = 0.552) with red band was applied to generate phytomass and carbon distribution map of the study area.Banko Janakari, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 34-40

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