Cost-Effective Methods of Monitoring Pesticide Pollution in Water

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-256
Author(s):  
S. Kanagasubbulakshmi ◽  
Krishnasamy Lakshmi ◽  
K. Kadirvelu
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Labeling Requirements ◽  
Monitoring Technologies

Environmental protection efforts require numerous advanced technologies to prevent and monitor the health and ecological effects associated with abiotic and biotic systems. Development of innovative tools and methodologies with the help of multidisciplinary approach to assess the transport, accumulation, and impact of pesticides will avoid the long-term effects in the environment. The lack of information about the pesticides hampers the labeling requirements that lead to misuse and discharge of pesticide-contaminated effluents into the water resources. This chapter covers the information on major sources of pesticides, chronic impacts, labeling of pesticides, multidisciplinary approach for monitoring, current cost-effective technologies, pros and cons of current technologies, and future perspectives of the pesticide monitoring technologies.

Creating the Costliest Orphan:The Orphan Drug Act in the Development of Ceredase™

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana P. Goldman ◽  
Ann E. Clarke ◽  
Alan M. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Orphan Drug ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gaucher's Disease ◽  
Gaucher’S Disease ◽  
Orphan Drug Act ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
New Treatment

AbstractThe FDA recently approved Ceredase™, a new treatment for Gaucher's disease, under the provisions of the Orphan Drug Act. Ceredase™ is unusually expensive, but there are no satisfactory alternative therapies. It appears likely that Ceredase™would not have become available without the protection of the Orphan Drug Act, but its expense and the lack of information about its long-term effects on health raise questions about whether the ODA provides appropriate incentives to develop cost-effective technologies.

Custom Presurgical Planning for Midfacial Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 696-702
Author(s):  
Nolan B. Seim ◽  
Enver Ozer ◽  
Sasha Valentin ◽  
Amit Agrawal ◽  
Mead VanPutten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Free Tissue Transfer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Presurgical Planning ◽  
Dental Rehabilitation ◽  
Midface Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstructive Algorithm

AbstractResection and reconstruction of midface involve complex ablative and reconstructive tools in head and oncology and maxillofacial prosthodontics. This region is extraordinarily important for long-term aesthetic and functional performance. From a reconstructive standpoint, this region has always been known to present challenges to a reconstructive surgeon due to the complex three-dimensional anatomy, the variable defects created, combination of the medical and dental functionalities, and the distance from reliable donor vessels for free tissue transfer. Another challenge one faces is the unique features of each individual resection defect as well as individual patient factors making each preoperative planning session and reconstruction unique. Understanding the long-term effects on speech, swallowing, and vision, one should routinely utilize a multidisciplinary approach to resection and reconstruction, including head and neck reconstructive surgeons, prosthodontists, speech language pathologists, oculoplastic surgeons, dentists, and/or craniofacial teams as indicated and with each practice pattern. With this in mind, we present our planning and reconstructive algorithm in midface reconstruction, including a dedicated focus on dental rehabilitation via custom presurgical planning.

scholarly journals Simple Soil Tests for On-Site Evaluation of Soil Health in Orchards

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6009
Author(s):  
Esther O. Thomsen ◽  
Jennifer R. Reeve ◽  
Catherine M. Culumber ◽  
Diane G. Alston ◽  
Robert Newhall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Site Evaluation ◽  
Positive Correlations

Standard commercial soil tests typically quantify nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, and salinity. These factors alone are not sufficient to predict the long-term effects of management on soil health. The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness and use of simple physical, biological, and chemical soil health indicator tests that can be completed on-site. Analyses were conducted on soil samples collected from three experimental peach orchards located on the Utah State Horticultural Research Farm in Kaysville, Utah. All simple tests were correlated to comparable lab analyses using Pearson’s correlation. The highest positive correlations were found between Solvita® respiration, and microbial biomass (R = 0.88), followed by our modified slake test and microbial biomass (R = 0.83). Both Berlese funnel and pit count methods of estimating soil macro-organism diversity were fairly predictive of soil health. Overall, simple commercially available chemical tests were weak indicators of soil nutrient concentrations compared to laboratory tests. Modified slake tests, Solvita® respiration and soil organism biodiversity counts may be efficient and cost-effective tools for monitoring soil health on-site.

Long-term effects of warren ripping for rabbit control in semi-arid South Australia.

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Mutze
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Perennial Shrubs ◽  
Control Work ◽  
Semi Arid

Warren ripping and poisoning were used to control rabbits on the flood-out plain of a major creek system on Manunda Station, a sheep-grazing property near Yunta in semi-arid South Australia. Rabbit numbers were initially reduced by >99 per cent, as indicated by the number of active entrances remaining in rabbit warrens. After nearly 10 years without follow-up control work, ripped warrens had only two per cent of the pre-control number of active entrances. Poisoning effectively reduced rabbit numbers in the short-term, but had no long-term effect on the number of active entrances, either in ripped or unripped warrens. Perennial shrubs regenerated on and around ripped warrens. Warren ripping on this part of Manunda is a cost-effective management option.

Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy has longstanding consequences for the health of her offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan James Wood-Bradley ◽  
Sarah Louise Henry ◽  
Amanda Vrselja ◽  
Victoria Newman ◽  
James Andrew Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Beneficial Impact

Over the past 100 years, advances in pharmaceutical and medical technology have reduced the burden of communicable disease, and our appreciation of the mechanisms underlying the development of noncommunicable disease has broadened. During this time, a number of studies, both in humans and animal models, have highlighted the importance of maintaining an optimal diet during pregnancy. In particular, a number of studies support the hypothesis that suboptimal maternal protein and fat intake during pregnancy can have long-term effects on the growing fetus, and increase the likelihood of these offspring developing cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic diseases in adulthood. More recently, it has been shown that dietary intake of a number of micronutrients may offset or reverse the deleterious effects of macronutrient imbalance. Furthermore, maternal fat intake has also been identified as a major contributor to a healthy fetal environment, with a beneficial role for unsaturated fats during development as well as a beneficial impact on cell membrane physiology. Together these studies indicate that attempts to optimise maternal nutrition may prove to be an efficient and cost-effective strategy for preventing the development of cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals STEM CELLS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
A. N. Lyzikov ◽  
B. B. Osipov ◽  
A. G. Skuratov ◽  
A. A. Prizentsov
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Pros And Cons

Purpose: to analyze achievements and prospects of the application of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Material and methods. We performed analytical review of national and foreign literature, Internet resources in PubMed and others dealing with the apоplication of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Results. Rich experience of experimental and clinical application of stem cells in the treatment of cardiovascular, neurological, endocrine, hematological, autoimmune, traumatological, and other diseases has been gained by now. Conclusion. Notwithstanding the success and achievements in regenerative medicine during the recent years, a lot of problems and questions remain unsolved. The application of both embryonic stem cells and postnatal stem cells has its pros and cons. The exact mechanism of the effect of transplanted stem cells remains unclear. It is necessary to study long-term effects of stem cell therapy (in particular, the risk of oncogenesis).

The Effectiveness of Aerial Baiting for the Control of Dingoes in North-Western Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The West ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
North Western

Radiotracking was used to evaluate the effectiveness of aerial baiting in controlling populations of wild dingoes, Canisfamiliaris dingo. Four baitings were carried out in the West Pilbara region of Western Australia, using fresh-meat baits or factory-produced baits, poisoned with compound 1080. In one trial fresh-meat baits killed all 18 radio-collared dingoes; in another, factory baits killed 63% of radio-collared dingoes; in a third, 62% were killed by factory and fresh-meat baits. The factors considered to be most important in influencing the results of these trials included the number and distribution of baits dropped, bait type, and the age and social status of dingoes. Aerial baiting was shown to be an efficient and cost-effective dingo control technique under the conditions existing during the study. The long-term effects on the dingo population are discussed.

scholarly journals Pyroelectric nanoplates for reduction of CO2 to methanol driven by temperature-variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingbo Xiao ◽  
Xiaoli Xu ◽  
Yanmin Jia ◽  
Ge Hu ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Layered Perovskite ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Variation ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Methanol Economy

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is a problematic greenhouse gas, although its conversion to alternative fuels represents a promising approach to limit its long-term effects. Here, pyroelectric nanostructured materials are shown to utilize temperature-variations and to reduce CO2 for methanol. Layered perovskite bismuth tungstate nanoplates harvest heat energy from temperature-variation, driving pyroelectric catalytic CO2 reduction for methanol at temperatures between 15 °C and 70 °C. The methanol yield can be as high as 55.0 μmol⋅g−1 after experiencing 20 cycles of temperature-variation. This efficient, cost-effective, and environmental-friendly pyroelectric catalytic CO2 reduction route provides an avenue towards utilizing natural diurnal temperature-variation for future methanol economy.

scholarly journals CLINICAL EVALUATION OF BHUMYAMALAKI GHANA VATI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KAMALA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEPATITIS B

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 952-959
Author(s):  
Shoket Mahmood Chowdry ◽  
Atal Bihari Trivedi ◽  
Raman Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Kamala is a Pittaja Nanatmaja Vyadi and Rakta Pradoshaja Vyadi. The main Dusya is Rakta, at the same time it is Pitta predominant disease. In the present era, Rakta Dhatu (blood) is given utmost importance as the diseases pertaining to Rakta is more in incidence. Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine has historically been highly proficient and has been treating liver disorders for centuries and drug toxicity tends to be lower than the conven- tional medicine. The drug Bhumyamalaki (Phyllanthus Niruri) is explained in Bhava Prakash Nighantu under Guduchyaidi Varga for the treatment of Kamala. Bhumyamalaki (Phyllanthus Niruri) is a well-known drug in Ayur- veda for Kamala (Hepatitis B). The need for this research is to find out safer, potent, cost-effective treatment and also to inhibit potential long-term effects like Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, transplantation and death. Aims: To access the efficacy of Phyllanthus Niruri herb through clinical and biochemical parameters; to provide quality of life to patients of Hepatitis B and to access side effect profile. Materials/ Methods: Selection of Cases: All the patients are selected from the OPD of GMC, Department of Gastroenterology. Study Design: Total No. of patients selected for the study are 40 and are divided into 2 groups (20 patients each): I & II. Group I received Tablet Entecavir 0.5 mg/day alone whereas other group II received Tablet Phyllanthus Niruri 3gm/day in divided doses as an add on therapy along with Tablet Entecavir 0.5mg/day. Duration of study: 60 days. Results: It is sug- gested that Phyllanthus Niruri possess hepato protective, anti–viral and antioxidant properties due to novel bioactive compounds. It also has the ability to reduce viral load in HBV infection. Conclusion: This study suggests that thereis strong pharmacological potential in developing Phyllanthus Niruri as a drug to be used in liver disorders and as an anti-viral drug. The subjective and objective observations were evaluated statistically using “t test”. The results that both these drugs are effective in HBV but Phyllanthus Niruri was a little more effective statistically. Keywords: Kamala, Hepatitis B, Phyllanthus Niruri, Hepato protective activity.

scholarly journals Advances in Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass towards Energy Generation

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Ikram ul Haq ◽  
Kinza Qaisar ◽  
Ali Nawaz ◽  
Fatima Akram ◽  
Hamid Mukhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Sustainable Energy Systems ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Fuel Source ◽  
Value Added Products

The booming demand for energy across the world, especially for petroleum-based fuels, has led to the search for a long-term solution as a perfect source of sustainable energy. Lignocellulosic biomass resolves this obstacle as it is a readily available, inexpensive, and renewable fuel source that fulfills the criteria of sustainability. Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and its components into value-added products maximizes the energy output and promotes the approach of lignocellulosic biorefinery. However, disruption of the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) via pretreatment technologies is costly and power-/heat-consuming. Therefore, devising an effective pretreatment method is a challenge. Likewise, the thermochemical and biological lignocellulosic conversion poses problems of efficiency, operational costs, and energy consumption. The advent of integrated technologies would probably resolve this problem. However, it is yet to be explored how to make it applicable at a commercial scale. This article will concisely review basic concepts of lignocellulosic composition and the routes opted by them to produce bioenergy. Moreover, it will also discuss the pros and cons of the pretreatment and conversion methods of lignocellulosic biomass. This critical analysis will bring to light the solutions for efficient and cost-effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass that would pave the way for the development of sustainable energy systems.

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