Traditional African Foods and Their Potential to Contribute to Health and Nutrition

2020 ◽  
pp. 268-294
Author(s):  
John H. Muyonga ◽  
Sophie Nansereko ◽  
Ilona Steenkamp ◽  
Marena Manley ◽  
Judith Kanensi Okoth
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The nutritional state of large segments of the African population remains alarming despite the positive socio-economic development that is taking place. The most significant nutritional problems include undernutrition, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency. Malnutrition and deficiencies also exacerbate a number of other diseases and health conditions. Besides undernutrition, the prevalence of overnutrition and obesity on the African continent are rising, as are the associated health conditions such as diabetes and coronary heart diseases. This chapter outlines the unique nutritional and bioactive properties of Traditional African Foods (TAFs) and their potential to contribute to the alleviation of undernutrition, overnutrition and associated health problems. Special emphasis is placed on vegetables, fruits, cereals, edible insects, small fish species, mushrooms, legumes, sesame, tuber and root crops. Some of the identified health benefits of these TAFs include lowering of serum cholesterol, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disease prevention and anti-hypertensive properties.

Traditional African Foods and Their Potential to Contribute to Health and Nutrition

2017 ◽  
pp. 320-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Muyonga ◽  
Sophie Nansereko ◽  
Ilona Steenkamp ◽  
Marena Manley ◽  
Judith Kanensi Okoth
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The nutritional state of large segments of the African population remains alarming despite the positive socio-economic development that is taking place. The most significant nutritional problems include undernutrition, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency. Malnutrition and deficiencies also exacerbate a number of other diseases and health conditions. Besides undernutrition, the prevalence of overnutrition and obesity on the African continent are rising, as are the associated health conditions such as diabetes and coronary heart diseases. This chapter outlines the unique nutritional and bioactive properties of Traditional African Foods (TAFs) and their potential to contribute to the alleviation of undernutrition, overnutrition and associated health problems. Special emphasis is placed on vegetables, fruits, cereals, edible insects, small fish species, mushrooms, legumes, sesame, tuber and root crops. Some of the identified health benefits of these TAFs include lowering of serum cholesterol, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disease prevention and anti-hypertensive properties.

Pharmacological Uses of Ginkgo biloba Extracts for Cardiovascular Disease and Coronary Heart Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Shu ◽  
Akhtar Hussain Sh ◽  
Mohamed Shahen ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extracts

scholarly journals Interactions between the Gut Microbiome, Lung Conditions, and Coronary Heart Disease and How Probiotics Affect These

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9700
Author(s):  
Trudy M. Wassenaar ◽  
Valentina A. Juncos ◽  
Kurt Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases

The importance of a healthy microbiome cannot be overemphasized. Disturbances in its composition can lead to a variety of symptoms that can extend to other organs. Likewise, acute or chronic conditions in other organs can affect the composition and physiology of the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss interorgan communication along the gut–lung axis, as well as interactions between lung and coronary heart diseases and between cardiovascular disease and the gut microbiome. This triangle of organs, which also affects the clinical outcome of COVID-19 infections, is connected by means of numerous receptors and effectors, including immune cells and immune-modulating factors such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and trimethlamine–N–oxide (TMAO). The gut microbiome plays an important role in each of these, thus affecting the health of the lungs and the heart, and this interplay occurs in both directions. The gut microbiome can be influenced by the oral uptake of probiotics. With an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for interorgan communication, we can start to define what requirements an ‘ideal’ probiotic should have and its role in this triangle.

scholarly journals MENINGKATKAN KOLESTEROL HDL Paradigma baru dalam pencegahan penyakit kardiovaskular

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Starry H. Rampengan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract: Studies of statin have proven that lower LDL-cholesterol levels will reduce morbidity and mortality of coronary heart diseases with succesfull rate only about 20-30%; therefore, it needs another attempt to decrease these morbidity and mortality rate. The other important risk factor is HDL-cholesterol which protects against atherosclerotic events. Several studies have shown that there is a close relationship between low levels of HDL-cholesterol and the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol and cardiovascular disease prevention applies to both males and females, as well as morbidity and mortality. The increase of HDL-cholesterol levels about 1 mg/dl can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease 2% in males and 3% in females. It needs to know the goal of patient treatment to achieve the higher HDL-cholesterol level. There are 4 groups of patients with low level of HDL-cholesterol, as follows: type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome/central obesity, elderly, and post-myocardial infarction. The management of patients with low level of HDL-cholesterol consists of non-pharmacological therapy such as diet, exercise, stop smoking, and alcohol restriction as well as pharmacological therapy by using drugs to increase the HDL-cholesterol levels such as fibrates and nicotinic acid. These drugs can be combined with others such as the statins.Keywords: HDL-Cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, managementAbstrak: Penelitian golongan statin membuktikan bahwa penurunan kadar kolesterol-LDL akan menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner dengan angka keberhasilan hanya sebesar 20-30%, sehingga harus ada upaya lain dalam menurunkan angka kesakitan maupun kematian penyakit kardiovaskuler. Komponen lain yang penting yaitu kolesterol-HDL yang bersifat protektif terhadap kejadian aterosklerosis. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa terdapat hubungan erat antara rendahnya kadar kolesterol-HDL dengan meningkatnya kejadian penyakit kardiovaskular. Hubungan terbalik antara kolesterol-HDL tinggi dan pencegahan penyakit kardiovaskular berlaku baik bagi pria maupun wanita, serta morbiditas maupun mortalitas. Setiap kenaikan kadar kolesterol-HDL plasma sebesar 1 mg/dl dapat mengurangi risiko penyakit jantung koroner sebesar 2% pada pria dan 3% pada wanita. Untuk meningkatkan kadar kolesterol-HDL, perlu diketahui target pasien yang menjadi sasaran pengobatan. Terdapat 4 kelompok pasien yang memiliki kadar kolesterol-HDL rendah, yaitu: pasien dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2, sindroma metabolik/obesitas sentral, usia lanjut, dan pasca infark miokard. Penatalaksanaan pasien dengan kadar kolesterol-HDL rendah terdiri dari terapi non-farmakologis antara lain: diet, olahraga, berhenti merokok, dan restriksi konsumsi alkohol) serta penggunaan obat untuk meningkatkan kadar kolesterol-HDL, diantaranya ialah golongan fibrat dan asam nikotinik. Obat-obat ini dapat dikombinasikan dengan obat lain seperti golongan statin.Kata kunci: kolesterol-HDL, penyakit kardiovaskular, penatalaksanaan

scholarly journals Promosi Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Keterampilan Berpola Hidup Sehat pada Kelompok Senam

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
L. Meily Kurniawidjaja ◽  
Dadan Erwandi ◽  
Ike Pujiriani
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Group Members

Pendirian grup senam masyarakat perkotaan sering dipicu oleh ancaman penyakit jantung koroner dan stroke (penyakit kardiovaskular). Banyak diantara mereka masih berisiko tinggi penyakit kardiovaskular antara lain berat badan lebih dan kadar kolesterol tinggi serta faktor umur dan genetik, tetapi faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dapat diturunkan dengan pola hidup sehat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai pengaruh metode promosi kesehatan dengan pendekatan siklus rekognisi, analisis, perencanaan, komunikasi, persiapan, implementasi, evaluasi, dan kelanjutan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik ibu-ibu pesenam tentang pola hidup sehat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pretest and posttest design untuk menilai hasil intervensi pada 60 orang berusia rata-rata 58,26 tahun dan hampir semua (93,33%) adalah perempuan pada dua kelompok senam di Kelurahan Pulogadung selama 10 bulan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan peningkatan nilai posttest (58%) pengetahuan peserta, peningkatan sikap dengan mau berbagi menu sehat dan mengisi alat pantau diri, serta peningkatan keterampilan berpola hidup sehat berupa menyusun menu sehat, bersenam minimal empat kali seminggu, tidur 7-8 jam perhari dan cukup istirahat. Selain itu, kelompok ini berhasil menyusun buku Masak Makanan Sehat. Disarankan kegiatanini dapat diterusan dengan penyajian dan diskusi makanan bijak secara berkala sekali dalam dua bulan dengan menggunakan dana yang terkumpul dari iuran sukarela.Urban exercise groups are often triggered by the perception of the severity and threat of coronary heart diseases and stroke (cardiovascular disease). But many of them are still high in cardiovascular disease risk i.e.overweight and high cholesterol. Cardiovascular disease risk factors can be reduced by healthy lifestyle. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of recogni-tion, analysis, planning, communication, preparation, implementation, evaluation and continuity health promotion strategy in enhancing the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthy lifestyle among the exercise group members. Pretest and posttest design was used to assess the effectiveness of 10 months intervention among 60 participants aged 58,26 (27-93) year old, most of them (93,33%) were ladies from two exercise groups in Kelurahan Pulogadung. The intervention improved the score of pre-posttest (58%), the willingness to share the healthy menu and to fill the healthy lifestyle self-monitoring form, and to practice healthy lifestyle e.g. cooking the prudent food, minimum 4 times a week exercise, 7-8 hours sleeping and enough leisure time. Additionally, this groups had successfully produced The Multiethnic Healthy Food Cooking book. It was concluded these health promotion model could enhance the healthy lifestyle of the exercise group members.

scholarly journals Analysis of differences in blood pressure of women belonging to different age groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Stanislav Skrkar ◽  
Milena Mikalacki ◽  
Nebojsa Cokorilo ◽  
Mirela Eric
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
General System ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Positive Effects

Introduction. One of the risk factors for the occurrence of arteriosclerosis and coronary heart diseases is physical inactivity. Together with hypokinesia, excessive feeding, age and other factors, make a multifactorial cause of cardiovascular disease. Positive effects of physical activities have been proved in the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of coronary heart diseases. Material and Methods. This study included 119 women from 20 to 76 years of age. All subjects were nonsmokers who did not have a cardiovascular disease, and were divided into five different age groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured by the digital blood pressure measuring device with cuff OMRON M4-1. The evaluation of blood pressure was performed at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Novi Sad. The data processing was done by the statistical package SPSS 20.0. Results. According to the obtained data it can be concluded that there are statistically significant differences in both individual and general system of the observed variables in different age groups. In addition, there are statistically significant differences between pairs of groups, which were observed when comparing with the oldest age group. Conclusion. The programmes of prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases should decrease the influence of risk factors and improve diagnostics and therapy of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Burden of cardiovascular diseases in the region of Monastir (Tunisia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Abroug ◽  
M Kacem ◽  
M Ben fredj ◽  
I Zemni ◽  
C Bennasrallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Modeling Data ◽  
Hospital Morbidity

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Tunisia. The aim of this study was to analyze CVD burden from 2002 to 2013 in the region of Monastir. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease methodology, cardiovascular disease mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were analyzed by age group and sex for all admissions at the university hospital of Monastir, using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling. Data were retrieved from the regional register of hospital morbidity in Monastir and were analyzed from January 2002 to December 2013. Results CVDs caused 519 in-hospital deaths during the study period, accounting for 43.3 % (CI 95%: 40.6-46.1%) of all in-hospital non-communicable diseases-related mortality (n = 1197). The crude mortality rate of CVDs was 8.81 per 100,000 inh. The highest rate was recorded among patients aged ≥ 60 years-old. The age-standardized mortality rate was 11/100,000 PY (14 in men and 8 in women). CVD DALY per 100,000 was 176.4 (199.4 in men and 152.7 in women). The highest CVD DALY was in the age groupe of 60 years and older (929.7/100,000). The leading causes of DALYs for both sexes are coronary heart diseases and stroke with DALY rate of 112.6 and 47.4 per 100,000 inh, respectively. Conclusions The CVD burden was heavy in the study population, in particular in the elderly and in men. Prevention and control of modifiable risk factors should be taken actively to improve health for Tunisian adults. Key messages CVD burden was heavy in the region of Monastir. More efforts are needed to improve cardiovascular health in Tunisian adults.

The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei ◽  
Fateme Karimi Dermani ◽  
Sara Malih ◽  
Nashmin Fayazi ◽  
Mohsen Sheykhhasan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cellular Source

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including disorders of cardiac muscle and vascular, is the major cause of death globally. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis and treatment. Stem cell-based therapies, as a regeneration strategy, cast a new hope for CVD treatment. One of the most well-known stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classified as one of the adult stem cells and can be obtained from different tissues. These cells have superior properties, such as proliferation and highly specialized differentiation. On the other hand, they have the potential to modulate the immune system and anti-inflammatory activity. One of their most important features is the secreting the extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes (EXOs) as an intercellular communication system mediating the different physiological and pathophysiological affairs. Methods: In this review study, the importance of MSC and its secretory exosomes for the treatment of heart disease has been together and specifically addressed and the use of these promising natural and accessible agents is predicted to replace the current treatment modalities even faster than we imagine. Results: MSC derived EXOs by providing a pro-regenerative condition allowing innate stem cells to repair damaged tissues successfully. As a result, MSCs are considered as the appropriate cellular source in regenerative medicine. In the plethora of experiments, MSCs and MSC-EXOs have been used for the treatment and regeneration of heart diseases and myocardial lesions. Conclusions: Administration of MSCs has been provided a replacement therapeutic option for heart regeneration, obtaining great attention among the basic researcher and the medical doctors.

scholarly journals Periodontal Antibodies and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Qi ◽  
Z. Zihang ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
Y.M. Park ◽  
D. Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Periodontitis is positively linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, and increased mortality. Empirically derived clusters of IgG antibodies against 19 selected periodontal microorganisms have been associated with hyperglycemia. We further investigated associations between these serum IgG antibody clusters and all-cause and CVD mortality in a representative US population. Participants free of CVD and cancer and aged ≥40 y at baseline ( N = 6,491) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994) were followed up until December 31, 2011. Antibodies were categorized into 4 clusters: red-green, orange-red, yellow-orange, and orange-blue. Over a 23-y follow-up, 2,702 deaths occurred, including 810 CVD-related deaths. In fully adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, the red-green cluster was positively associated with all-cause mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.90, P = 0.015). The yellow-orange cluster was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.97, P = 0.028) and CVD mortality (tertile 2 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.77, P = 0.005). The orange-blue cluster (composed of antibodies against Eubacterium nodatum and Actinomyces naeslundii) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.78, P < 0.0001) and CVD mortality (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.88, P = 0.007). These antibodies could predict prognosis or be potential intervention targets to prevent systemic effects of periodontal disease if further studies establish a causal relationship.

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