Epistemology of the Digital

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Enrica Amaturo ◽  
Biagio Aragona
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Social Investigation ◽  
Consistent Group ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Active Commitment

The debate on the consequences that big data and computational techniques have generated in social sciences has developed from two opposite extremes. A consistent group of scholars today supports an active commitment of sociologists in dealing with the technological dimension of social investigation. The works developed by these “digital sociologists” focus on the definition of a method of social research that adopts a critical posture on the role that digital technology must have in scientific research but, at the same time, creative on the possibilities offered by technology to research. This posture requires great attention to the epistemology of the digital.

AS A DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS BIG DATA CAN BECOME A TOOL AGAINST SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Andreyevich Shcherbakov ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Aleksandrovna Chevereva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Total Control ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Big Data Technology

The definition of the term Big Date is given. Particular attention is paid to how, in practice, Big Data technology is being introduced into people's lives at the state level and how it can be used for total control using the example of the People’s Republic of China.

scholarly journals Computational science: shifting the focus from tools to models

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Hinsen
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Computational Science ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Scientific Software ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Software Implementations

Computational techniques have revolutionized many aspects of scientific research over the last few decades. Experimentalists use computation for data analysis, processing ever bigger data sets. Theoreticians compute predictions from ever more complex models. However, traditional articles do not permit the publication of big data sets or complex models. As a consequence, these crucial pieces of information no longer enter the scientific record. Moreover, they have become prisoners of scientific software: many models exist only as software implementations, and the data are often stored in proprietary formats defined by the software. In this article, I argue that this emphasis on software tools over models and data is detrimental to science in the long term, and I propose a means by which this can be reversed.

scholarly journals Ways to envisage social science, social reality and ontology

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Vadim Markovich Rozin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Ideal

This article raises a question on the existence of representations on social nature as an ultimate ontology of social sciences. The complications that do not allow acknowledging such existence are being formulated. The author points at the modern alternative interpretations of ultimate ontology of social sciences – the representations on culture, self-developing systems with synergetic effects, sociality, interculture, etc. It is claimed that the concept of nature was introduced for determining the conditions for an effective practical action in scientific research. In order to clarify the perceptions of ultimate ontology of social science, the article discusses the peculiarities of social science and theory, as well as demarcation of the ideal objects, schemes, and models. As a result, the author was able to demonstrate that the traditional definition of social nature has virtually become obsolete, and is not efficient with regards to social sciences. It is offered to replace it with the categorical representations, which may be considered as the ultimate ontology of social sciences. However, it requires the new designation and characterization of the structure and essence of social sciences.

scholarly journals Causes of deficits and ethical dilemmas in scientific research

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Danuta Walczak-Duraj
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Data Publishing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conducting Research

The analysis of the deficits and ethical dilemmas in research will be related to two disciplines of the social sciences: sociology and economics. Research conducted within these disciplines, because of its multi-paradigm nature, tends to be characterized by deficits, not only ethical but also ethical and methodological dilemmas and interpretation reasons. The leading thesis of this paper aims to argue that the looming deficits and ethical dilemmas of Polish researchers in the field of social sciences are two basic but very different premises. The first group of reasons primarily refers to broad ethical deficits, perceived unreliableness in terms of scientific research. It is related mainly to the structural aspects of the functioning of universities and other research units and logic parameterization. In the ethical programs (especially codes of ethics), ethical deficits are identified in three areas of “activity” of research related to the description, diagnosis and interpretation of the results relating to: bragging—e.g. the preparation, recording and publishing of the results that were not obtained; falsification—which means manipulating the research materials, equipment or method, replacing or bypassing the data in such a way that the results are not presented in a true way; plagiarism—the appropriation of other people ideas, methods, results, or terms without proper reference. Plagiarism is also the unauthorized use of information obtained through confidential review of proposals and manuscripts, or e.g. using conference presentations without permission. Its structural evidence is primarily the emphasis on “productivity” and parameterization as the basic criterion, not only of scientific but also academic success-oriented and personalized careers. The second group of reasons refers primarily to broad ethical dilemmas; to the ethical context of social research at every stage of the proceedings: conceptualization, selection of methods, techniques and research tools, conducting research (which concern, for example, the covert participant observation), analysis and interpretation of data, publishing developed and interpreted empirical material. Performing even a cursory analysis of how to present research findings in these two disciplines, you can come to the conclusion that the methodological competence of the investigator does not always go hand in hand with ethical competence. What is more, there is a tendency to downplay the principle that the social sciences should be guided by the principle of the so-called humanistic coefficient.

scholarly journals Concerning the definition of the concept «state policy for promoting civil society development»

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
S. S. Volynets
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Civil Society Development ◽  
Policy Promotion ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of

The study systematically presented and analyzed approaches to defining the content of the concepts of «politics», «state policy», «promotion», «development» and «civil society», whose internal characteristics and intrinsic features integrate the term «state policy to promote the development of civil society». The study emphasized that the definition of «state policy of promoting the development of civil society» is still lacking at the legislative level, in public administration and in the national social sciences.The study emphasized that the wording of the concept «state policy of promoting the development of civil society» will allow to distinguish this direction of state policy among others, to avoid misunderstanding of its content, conceptual uncertainty, inaccurate or incorrect formulation of its goals, tasks, directions and measures.Summarizing approaches to the definition of «state policy», the study presented its characteristics and main components. The study noted that civil society is one of the most controversial phenomena today, which occupies a central place in the researches of many social sciences. The study highlighted stages in the evolution of the views of thinkers and scholars on the interpretation of civil society. The study defined the main variants of modern understanding of civil society and proposed the author’s approach to its definition.On the basis of the analysis, the author formulates his own understanding of the concept of «state policy promoting the development of civil society» and outlines directions for further scientific research.

THE CONCEPT OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL GUARANTEES OF ELECTORAL RIGHTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR TROYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Formal Aspect ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The relevance of the interpretation of constitutional and legal guarantees of the right to vote is mediated by isolated scientific research in this area, as well as the lack of a universal approach to legal guarantees. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to argue and disclose the author’s definitive aspect of the claimed guarantees. In the work, the author named and characterized the normative (based exclusively on legal means) with the perspective of a branch of legal and technical; regulatory and institutional (combines the formal aspect with the activities of authorized entities) and associated legal (including a set of legal and other aspects) approaches to the definition of legal guarantees. Based on the second approach, as well as combining the guarantees of the right to vote directly guarantees of the subjective right itself and guarantees of its implementation, the author offers a definition of constitutional and legal guarantees of the right to vote.

The specifics of mergers and acquisitions of innovative and technological companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1204
Author(s):  
A.V. Fedorov ◽  
Zh.S. Peredera
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Subject. The article reviews distinctions of M&A deals in innovation and technology. Objectives. We determine the specifics of innovative and technological companies and its impact on the synergy, process, finance, valuation of M&A deals. Methods. The article employs methods of generalization, comprehensive analysis, systematization, specification, comparison, study into trends and the structure. Graphics and tables are used to display the findings. Results. We conducted the content analysis of the term Mergers & Acquisitions, thus finding the divergence of foreign and the Russian approaches. We provide our own definition of the concept and analyzed the dynamics of the overall M&A market and the innovation and technological sector. The article describes operational distinctions of innovative and technological companies and compares them with conventional sectors. The article determined the specifics of synergy, process, finance, valuation of M&A deals in innovation and technology. Conclusions and Relevance. The innovation and technology sector saw M&A deals become more frequent for the recent five years. What distinguishes them is the number of startups and infant businesses, large M&A deals in order to develop their ecosystems, involve digital technology companies. Traditional approaches should be adapted for structuring M&A deals, their arrangement, financing and valuation of target companies. The findings can lay the groundwork for further studies into the specifics of the innovation and technology sector, M&A deals, and set up the methodological framework for the valuation of innovative and technological companies. The findings can also immediately support parties of M&A deals from theoretical perspectives.

The beginning of phygital world

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Evgeny Soloviov ◽  
Alexander Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Aviation Education ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Smart Data

The Phygital word itself is the combination pf physical and digital technology application.This paper will highlight the detail of phygital world and its importance, also we will discuss why its matter in the world of technology along with advantages and disadvantages.It is the concept and technology is the bridge between physical and digital world which bring unique experience to the users by providing purpose of phygital world. It is the technology used in 21st century to bring smart data as opposed to big data and mix into the broader address of array of learning styles. It can bring new experience to every sector almost like, retail, medical, aviation, education etc. to maintain some reality in today’s world which is developing technology day to day. It is a general reboot which can keep economy moving and guarantee the wellbeing of future in terms of both online and offline.

Objectivity of Scientific Research as an Ethical and Political Position (Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Zapesotsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
Nonfiction Essays ◽  
The Impact

Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018. - 592 pp. ISBN 978-5-7621-0973-4This author discusses the problem of scientific objectivity and reviews a book written by the medievalist-historian P.P. Tolochko, full member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), honorable director of the NASU Institute of Archaeology. The book was published by the Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences in the autumn of 2018. The book presents a collection of articles and reports devoted to processes in Ukraine and, first of all, in Ukrainian historical science, which, at the moment, is experiencing an era of serious reformation of its interpretative models. The author of the book shows that these models are being reformed to suit the requirements of the new ideology, with an obvious disregard for the conduct of objective scientific research. In this regard, the problem of objectivity of scientific research becomes the subject of this review because the requirement of objectivity can be viewed not only as a methodological requirement but also as a moral and political position, opposing the rigor of scientific research to the impact of ideological, political and moral systems and judgments. It is concluded that in this sense the position of P.P. Tolochko can be considered as the act of profound ethical choice.

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