An Examination of Literacy and Computer Literacy Amongst Adults Who Are Incarcerated

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Julia J. Yi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Computer Education ◽  
Computer Experience ◽  
Literacy Proficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
International Assessment ◽  
Essential Skills ◽  
Literacy Scores ◽  
Prison Populations

In this study, the relationships between literacy, computer experience, and age among and between the general (i.e., "household") and prison samples were examined using the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (2012, 2014). Literacy scores and computer experiences were significantly lower (p < .001) for the prison sample than for the household sample. There were significant differences in the mean literacy scores between the household and prison samples for those with no computer experience, t(2048) = -3.58, p < .01 and for those with computer experience, t(7721) = 8.99, p < .01. Computer experience predicted literacy proficiency across both samples (R-squared = .10, SE = .01, p < .01). Lastly, there was an inverse relationship between age and computer experience, with a widening gap between the household and prison samples as age increased. The inequalities in the essential skills of print and computer literacy between the general and prison populations are concerning and indicate a need for literacy and computer education in prisons.

THE EFFECT OF ALTERATION OF THYROXINE BINDING CAPACITY ON THE DIALYZABLE AND ABSOLUTE FRACTIONS OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN CIRCULATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dussault ◽  
D. A. Fisher ◽  
J. T. Nicoloff ◽  
V. V. Row ◽  
R. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Serum Thyroxine ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

ABSTRACT In order to determine the effect of alterations in binding capacity of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) on triiodothyronine (T3) metabolism, studies were conducted in 10 patients with idiopathically low (7 subjects) or elevated (3 subjects) TBG levels and 10 subjects given norethandrolone (7 male subjects) or oestrogen (3 female subjects). Measurements of serum thyroxine (T4) concentration, maximal T4 binding capacity, serum T3 concentration and per cent dialyzable T3 were conducted. Serum T3 was measured both by chemical and radioimmunoassay methods. In patients with idiopathically low TBG, the mean serum T4 concentration was low (2.4 μg/100 ml), the mean serum T3 level low (55 ng/100 ml), the mean per cent dialyzable T3 increased (0.52%), and the calculated free T3 concentration normal (186 pg/100 ml). In patients with idiopathically high TBG levels the mean T4 concentration was high (10.3 μg/100 ml), the mean T3 level slightly elevated (127 ng/100 ml), the% dialyzable T3 low (0.10%) and the calculated free T3 concentration low normal (123 pg/100 ml). The correlation coefficient between the per cent dialyzable T3 and maximal TBG binding capacity in the 20 subjects was 0.68, a value significant at the P < 0.01 level. Thus, alterations in binding capacity of TBG seem to influence T3 and T4 metabolism similarly; the inverse relationship between the % of dialyzable hormone and total hormone concentration tends to keep the absolue levels of free hormones stable.

Inverse Correlation of Venous Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels with Body Mass Index Is due to Decreased Production

Cardiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Shah ◽  
Mark Wiley ◽  
Arun Mahankali Sridhar ◽  
Reza Masoomi ◽  
Mazda Biria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The aim of this paper was to study the association between body mass index (BMI) and coronary sinus (CS) brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in patients with heart failure and reduced systolic function (HFrEF). Background: There is an inverse relationship between systemic venous BNP (V-BNP) levels and BMI in patients with HFrEF. It is unclear whether this finding is due to decreased production or due to an increased metabolism of BNP. Since CS-BNP levels reflect BNP production, we hypothesized that assessing the correlation of CS-BNP levels with BMI would provide insight into the mechanism of this inverse relationship of V-BNP and BMI. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 54 subjects with HFrEF who were to undergo cardiac resynchronization device implantation. CS-BNP, V-BNP, and arterial BNP (A-BNP) levels were measured during the implant procedure. Subjects were divided into 2 groups based on their BMI (group 1: BMI <30 and group 2: BMI ≥30). Results: The mean age of the overall study group was 64 ± 10 years. Average BMI for group 1 was 25.8 ± 2.8 and 36.8 ± 4.6 for group 2 (p < 0.03). A history of hypertension was present in 55% (n = 26) of the subjects, while diabetes was reported in 31% (n = 15). Serum creatinine was 1.0 ± 0.2 mg/dL and TSH 2.1 ± 1.4 mIU/L. 79% of the subjects were receiving β-blockers, while 94% were receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. The mean CS-BNP, V-BNP, and A-BNP levels in group 2 were significantly lower than in group 1 (286.2 ± 170.5 vs. 417.5 ± 247.5 pg/mL, p = 0.04; 126.6 ± 32.5 vs. 228 ± 96.4 pg/mL, p = 0.01; and 151.9 ± 28.6 vs. 242 ± 88.8 pg/mL, p = 0.04, respectively). Univariate analysis and multivariate regression adjusted for age, diabetes mellitus, sex, glomerular filtration rate, and left atrial size confirmed BMI as an independent predictor of CS-BNP levels (β = -0.372, p = 0. 03) in our study. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrate an inverse relationship between CS-BNP levels and BMI in patients with HFrEF. These findings suggest that the previously established inverse relationship between V-BNP and BMI is due to a decreased cardiac production of BNP in obese patients rather than from increased peripheral metabolism.

scholarly journals Computer Education And Computer Related Professions Of The Future

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Glen D. Emerson ◽  
Mary E. Malliaris
Keyword(s):  
Computer Literacy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Basic Skills ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Computer Education ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

The purpose of this paper is to examine current positions in literature with regards to computer education and future jobs related to computer usage.The expansion of the use of computers has made computer literacy as essential as the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic. Morf related the rapid expansion in the use of computers as follows: Among the more widely accepted scenarios of the future at work are those based on the assumption that technology will continue to grow exponentially (1983, p. 24). Therefore, as technology grows, our educational programs must incorporate the new knowledge necessary to function in the world of the information age. As Hart stated: We must prepare now to respond to the new technologies that will shape our future (1983, p. 11).

scholarly journals Efficacy of Mobile App-Based Training on Health Literacy among Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Farzi Karamolahi ◽  
Zahra Bostani Khalesi ◽  
Maryam Niknami
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Literacy Scores ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background: Health literacy of mothers during pregnancy shows social and cognitive skills indicating the motivation and ability of mothers to receive and use useful knowledge to maintain and promote the health of themselves and their children. The present study was conducted aimed to determine the effect of mobile app-based training on health literacy among pregnant women. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study Among 500 eligible pregnant women who attended al-Zahra hospital (Rasht, Iran) between 2019 to 2020 years, was conducted on 140 pregnant women by random sampling method. They were divided into experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included personal information and maternal health literacy questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed and then a mobile app-based training intervention was performed for the experimental group. The participants of the experimental group were asked to read the contents of the software once a week for 8 weeks. The questionnaires were completed again after 8 weeks of the training intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, Fisher, Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and one-way analysis of variance was used for this purpose. Results: The subjects showed no statistically significant difference in terms of demographic-social information (p> 0.05). The mean change in health literacy scores after the intervention was statistically significant between the experimental and control groups (p <0.001). Also, the mean change in health literacy scores before and after the intervention in the experimental group was statistically significant (p <0.001). But this change in the control group was not statistically significant (p = 0.609).Conclusions: For the first time we used mobile app-based training and results showed that it is effective in the health literacy of pregnant women especially in situations like the Corona Virus pandemic. Therefore, it is suggested that health care providers, especially midwives, use this training method to promote the health literacy of pregnant women.Trial registrationThis paper is taken from the master thesis student of midwifery training with ethics code IR.GUMS.REC.1397.490. This is a RCT study (clinical trial code IRCT20180707040364N1: https://www.irct.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20180707040364N1- 2019-03-27).

Vasomotion in cerebral microcirculation of awake rabbits

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. H67-H71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Hundley ◽  
G. J. Renaldo ◽  
J. E. Levasseur ◽  
H. A. Kontos
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Cerebral Microcirculation ◽  
Vessel Size ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cerebral Arterioles ◽  
The Mean

Cerebral arterioles of unanesthetized rabbits equipped with chronically implanted cranial windows exhibited spontaneous rhythmic variation in vessel caliber characteristic of vasomotion. This variation was noted in all examined vessels. The vasomotion was independent of arterial blood pressure or respiration. The average frequency was 0.74 cycles/min and was independent of vessel size. The mean amplitude of the oscillations had a statistically significant inverse relationship to vessel diameter (r = 0.69). Vasodilation induced by arterial hypercapnia, topical adenosine, or topical acetylcholine had no significant effect on the frequency or amplitude of vasomotion. Anesthesia significantly reduced the frequency in arterioles of all sizes and markedly reduced amplitude in large arterioles. Topical verapamil resulted in a statistically significant reduction in frequency and in peak amplitude. Variations in vessel diameter occurred simultaneously in arterioles and their companion venules. We conclude that the cerebral microcirculation displays active vasomotion, which is significantly depressed by anesthesia or topical verapamil. The results also suggest that vasomotion is probably controlled by local factors.

The Place of Elastography in Evaluating the Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation of Thyroid Nodules

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1228-1234
Author(s):  
Ufuk O. Idiz ◽  
Erhan Aysan ◽  
Leyla Elmas ◽  
Seyma Yildiz ◽  
Huseyin Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The usage of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy and elastography to treat thyroid nodules has been increasing recently. Elastography specifically measures the stiffness of tissue using ultra-sonography (US). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the elastography values of thyroid nodules and the efficacy of RFA therapy. Ultrasonography was performed on 49 patients who had a thyroid nodule with a diameter of 1 cm or greater before RFA therapy. The RFA was performed under local anesthesia, and elastography was used to measure the stiffness of the normal thyroid tissue, sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and thyroid nodules three months after RFA. The nodule diameter significantly decreased three months after RFA (P < 0.05). According to a cross-evaluation of the mean elastography rates, the thyroid/SCM and nodule/thyroid elastography rates had an inverse relationship (P: 0.009). However, the thyroid/ SCM elastography rates and nodule/SCM elastography rates (P: 0.022) and the thyroid/SCM elastography rates and the rates of reduction (%) of the nodule diameter before and three months after RFA (P: 0.016) had positive relationships. In conclusion, RFA therapy is more effective in patients with thyroid nodules if there are high thyroid tissue/SCM rates in elastography.

scholarly journals Repetibilidade e aplicação de testes de nado estacionário para nadadores recreacionais

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Lara Elena Gomes ◽  
Ingrid Thaiane Soares Batista ◽  
Brunno Leonardo Cruz Ferreira de Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Maximal Intensity ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Tethered swimming tests are applied to evaluate propulsive forces in crawl stroke and may also be used to evaluate force applied by the movement of lower (leg kicking) and upper limbs (arm stroke). Considering the large number of recreational swimmers, this tool may be useful for coaches to evaluate the technique and force production by swimmers. As little attention has been paid to the application of these tests with recreational swimmers, the aims of this study were to verify the repeatability of the tethered swimming test for arm stroke, leg kicking and crawl stroke and to verify the relationship between performance in a 50-m test and in the tethered test with recreational swimmers. In this case, repeatability was defined as the agreement between the results of two successive evaluations. Ten male swimmers performed two 30-s maximal intensity tethered swimming tests with leg kicking, arm stroke and crawl stroke and three 50-m crawl stroke tests. Repeatability was found for mean force of all tests and for impulse evaluated in crawl stroke. Inverse relationship of the time to complete 50 m with the maximum and mean forces and with the impulse in the crawl stroke and an inverse relationship between time to complete 50 m and the mean force in the leg kicking were observed. Therefore, results from full tethered swimming tests applied with recreational swimmers may help swimming coaches.

scholarly journals Winter Roost Tree Selection and Phenology of the Long-Eared Owl (Asio otus) in Crimea

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kucherenko ◽  
Pavel Kalinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Convex Curve ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
The Mean

The winter roost of the long-eared owl Asio otus in Crimea (South of Ukraine), located in Simferopol, is described. In 2015–2017, the number of long-eared owls varied on a convex curve, with the maximum reached at the end of November and in December. The birds exhibited a strong preference for roosting in conifers, where we recorded 89% of the owls. There was an inverse relationship between the mean of the maximum daily temperature (°C) and the number of owls in both seasons. The owls were not sensitive to abrupt but short-term temperature changes, but the temperature decrease curve caused practically synchronous changes in the dynamics of bird numbers. It was found that the number of owls significantly differed based on weather conditions in 16 trees. The proportion of owls sitting on coniferous trees increased with unfavourable weather, and the converse pattern was observed for deciduous trees.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness and Its Relationship with Spiritual Wellbeing in Iranian Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Senmar ◽  
Elham Hasannia ◽  
Atiyeh Moeinoddin ◽  
Shaghayegh Lotfi ◽  
Faezeh Hamedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Spiritual Wellbeing ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adjustment To Illness

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychosocial adjustment to illness and its relation with spiritual health in cancer patients. Methods. This study was conducted in 2019 in Iran. It was a descriptive study with a sample of 124 cancer patients. Data were collected using two questionnaires of the psychosocial adjustment to illness scale (PAIS) with 46 questions and the Paloutzian and Ellison spiritual health scale with 20 questions. Results. The mean age of the participants in this study was 52.4±13.2 (range 18 to 87 years). The mean months of life with cancer were 16.5 months. The mean score of psychosocial adjustment to illness was 30.7±15.5. The mean score of spiritual wellbeing in the studied patients was 71.4±17.1. The results of the Pearson correlation test showed a significant inverse relationship between the mean score of psychosocial adjustment to illness and the mean score of spiritual wellbeing (p>0.001, rr=−.355). Conclusion. Cancer patients in this study had relatively good psychosocial adjustment with their illness. Spiritual wellbeing can increase psychosocial adjustment to illness in this group of patients.

Screening for health literacy at an urban academic cancer center.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19034-e19034
Author(s):  
Amy Leader ◽  
Lauren Waldman ◽  
Liana Yocavitch ◽  
Ayako Shimada ◽  
Rebecca Cammy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Low Health Literacy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Literacy Scores ◽  
High Health Literacy

e19034 Background: Low health literacy is more prevalent among older adults and minority populations, and it has been linked to excess health care utilization and poor health outcomes in cancer patients. Screening for health literacy may improve communication and care, such that discussions and information can be tailored to patient need. The purpose of this study was to describe health literacy levels and correlates among patients at an urban, NCI-designated cancer center. Methods: In September 2019, we began health literacy screening for each newly diagnosed, English-speaking cancer patient. Patients were categorized as having low, medium, or high health literacy using the BRIEF health literacy screener; results are visible in the EMR. For this analysis, we included patient age, gender, insurance type, race/ethnicity, and socio-economic status (SES), which was calculated using an Area Deprivation Index (ADI) ranging from 0 (no deprivation) to 100 (extreme deprivation). Data was summarized using descriptive statistics; ANOVA and Chi-squared tests investigated associations between patient’s health literacy levels and potential correlates. Results: Among 284 patients, 68%, (n = 195) were Caucasian, 25% (n = 70) were African American and 7%, (n = 19) identified as Hispanic, Asian American or some other race. Seventy-five percent (n = 211) were male; the mean age was 63 years (SD: 12). The mean ADI was 42 (SD: 28), indicating a low to moderate SES. Seventy percent (n = 200) had a high health literacy score, 20% (n = 57) had a medium score, and 10% (n = 27) had a low health literacy score. Only a patient’s race/ethnicity and the ADI were significantly associated with their health literacy score. Seventy-seven percent of Caucasian patients had high health literacy scores compared to 59% of African American patients and 48% patients of Hispanic, Asian or some other origin (P < .001). Patients with low health literacy had an ADI score (65.1) that was almost double the score of patients with high health literacy scores (38.5) (p < .001). Conclusions: Roughly one-third of patients seen at this urban cancer center did not have a high health literacy score. Socio-economic status was a stronger correlate to health literacy than patient age, marital status, or insurance type. EMRs should capture a patient’s SES in some manner, as this is strongly associated with health literacy.

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