Friction Coefficient and Wear Rate of Different Materials Sliding Against Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Ss 304

This paper examines the relation between friction/wear and different types of steel materials under different normal loads and sliding velocities and to explore the possibility of adding controlled normal load and sliding velocity to a mechanical process. In order to do so, a pin on disc apparatus is designed and fabricated. Experiments are carried out when different types of disc materials such as stainless steel 304 (SS 304), stainless steel 316 (SS 316) and mild steel slide against stainless steel 304 (SS 304) pin. Variations of friction coefficient with the duration of rubbing at different normal loads and sliding velocities are investigated. Results show that friction coefficient varies with duration of rubbing, normal load and sliding velocity. In general, friction coefficient increases for a certain duration of rubbing and after that it remains constant for the rest of the experimental time. The obtained results reveal that friction coefficient decreases with the increase in normal load for all the tested materials. It is also found that friction coefficient increases with the increase in sliding velocity for all the materials investigated. Moreover, wear rate increases with the increase in normal load and sliding velocity. At identical operating condition, the magnitudes of friction coefficient and wear rate are different for different materials depending on sliding velocity and normal load.

Frictional Characteristics of Steel Materials Sliding against Mild Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman ◽  
Mohammad Lutfar Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Friction Process ◽  
Different Types

In this study, friction coefficients of different steel materials are investigated and compared. Experiments are carried out when different types of steel discs such as stainless steel 201 (SS 201), stainless steel 301 (SS 301) and mild steel slide against mild steel pin. Experiments are conducted at normal load 5, 7.5 and 10 N, sliding velocity 0.5, 0.75 and 1 m/s and relative humidity 70%. The effects of duration of rubbing on the friction coefficient of different steel materials are investigated. Results show that during friction process, test disc takes less time to stabilize with the increased normal load or sliding velocity. It is found that friction coefficient decreases with the increase in normal load while it increases with the increase in sliding velocity for all the tested materials. As a comparison, it is found that at identical operating conditions, friction coefficients are different for different steel materials depending on normal load or sliding velocity.

Transition of Wear Mechanisms of Plasma Source Nitrided AISI 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel Against Ceramic Counterface

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Y. Li ◽  
Z. Y. Wang ◽  
M. K. Lei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Phase Layer ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Aisi 316

A single high-nitrogen face-centered-cubic (f.c.c.) phase (γN) layer formed on the plasma source nitrided AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel at a nitriding temperature of 450 °C for a nitriding time of 6 h. An approximately 17 μm-thick γN layer has a peak nitrogen concentration of about 20 at. %. Tribological properties of the γN phase layer on a ball-on-disk tribometer against an Si3N4 ceramic counterface under a normal load of 2 and 6 N with a sliding speed of 0.15 to 0.29 m/s were investigated by friction coefficient and specific wear rate measurement. Worn surface morphology and wear debris were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The microhardness of the γN phase layer on the nitrided stainless steel was measured as about 15.1 GPa. The change in the friction coefficient of the γN phase layer on the stainless steel was dependent on the applied normal load, which was associated with that in the specific wear rate. Under a lower normal load of 2 N, the lower specific wear rate of the γN phase layer with a sliding speed of 0.15 m/s was obtained as 2.8 × 10−6 mm3/N m with a friction coefficient of 0.60. Under a higher normal load of 6 N, the lower specific wear rate with a sliding speed of 0.29 m/s was 7.9 × 10−6 mm3/N m with a friction coefficient of 0.80. When the applied load increased from 2 to 6 N, a transition of the wear mechanisms from oxidative to abrasive wear was found, which was derived from the oxidation reaction and the h.c.p. martensite phase transformation of the γN phase during the wear tests, respectively.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis for Wear Performance in Dry Sliding of Epoxy/Glass/PTW Composites Using Full Factorial Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sudheer ◽  
Ravikantha Prabhu ◽  
K. Raju ◽  
Thirumaleshwara Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Full Factorial

The dry sliding friction and wear behavior of epoxy hybrid composites reinforced with glass fibers and a varying amount of potassium titanate whiskers (PTWs) fabricated by vacuum hand layup method were studied. The influence of normal load, sliding velocity, and whisker content on both friction coefficient and specific wear rate was investigated on a pin-on-disc machine. The tests were conducted at ambient conditions based on the 3 × 3 (3 factors at 3 levels) full factorial design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to obtain the contribution of control parameters on friction coefficient and wear rate. The density and hardness of the composites were found to be enhanced with the PTW loading. The friction coefficient and wear resistance of the hybrid composites were found to be improved with the whisker content and were also greatly influenced by normal load and sliding velocity. A correlation between dry sliding wear behaviors of composites with wear parameters was obtained by multiple regressions. The worn out surface of selected samples was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify wear mechanisms. This study revealed that the addition of the ceramic microfillers such as PTW improves the wear performance of the epoxy/glass polymer composites significantly.

Experimental Investigation on Friction Coefficient of Engineering Polymers Sliding against Different Counterface Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Mohammad Lutfar Rahaman ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Friction Process ◽  
Engineering Polymers

In this research, friction coefficients of engineering polymers such as nylon and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are investigated under normal load and sliding velocity. Experiments are conducted when nylon and PTFE slide against different counterface pin materials such as mild steel and stainless steel 202 (SS 202). Experiments are carried out at different normal loads 2, 4 and 6 N, and sliding velocities 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 m/s. Results show that in general, friction coefficient of nylon decreases with the increase in normal load and sliding velocity. On the other hand, during friction process, PTFE shows different trend i.e. friction coefficient of PTFE increases with the increase in normal load and sliding velocity. Moreover, it is observed that at identical operating conditions, the values of friction coefficient of nylon and PTFE are different depending on normal load, sliding velocity and counterface material.

Friction Coefficient of Polymer and Composite Materials Sliding against Stainless Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 590-593
Author(s):  
Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

An endeavor has been made to study and compare the friction coefficient of different polymer and composite materials. Experiments were carried out when stainless steel 304 (SS 304) pin slides on different types of composite and polymer materials such as cloth reinforced ebonite (commercially known as gear fiber), glass fiber reinforced plastic (glass fiber), nylon and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Experiments were conducted at normal load 5, 7.5, 10 N, sliding velocity 0.5, 0.75, 1 m/s and relative humidity 70%. Variations of friction coefficient with the duration of rubbing at different normal loads and sliding velocities were investigated. Results show that friction coefficient varies with duration of rubbing, normal load and sliding velocity. In general, friction coefficient increases with the increase in normal load and sliding velocity for all the tested materials except nylon. At identical operating conditions, the magnitudes of friction coefficient are different for different polymer and composite materials.

Evaluation of High Temperature Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Resistance Spot Welded Steel Lap Shear Joints

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
R. K. Gupta ◽  
V. Anil Kumar ◽  
Paul G. Panicker
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Parent Metal ◽  
Resistance Spot ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Ss 304 ◽  
Spot Welded

AbstractJoining of thin sheets (0.5 mm) of stainless steel 304 and 17-4PH through resistance spot welding is highly challenging especially when joint is used for high temperature applications. Various combinations of stainless steel sheets of thickness 0.5 mm are spot welded and tested at room temperature as well as at high temperatures (800 K, 1,000 K, 1,200 K). Parent metal as well as spot welded joints are tested and characterized. It is observed that joint strength of 17-4PH steel is highest and then dissimilar steel joint of 17-4PH with SS-304 is moderate and of SS-304 is lowest at all the temperatures. Joint strength of 17-4PH steel is found to be >80% of parent metal properties up to 1,000 K then drastic reduction in strength is noted at 1,200 K. Gradual reduction in strength of SS-304 joint with increase in temperature from 800 to 1,200 K is noted. At 1,200 K, joint strength of all combinations of joints is found to be nearly same. Microstructural evaluation of weld nugget after testing at different temperatures shows presence of tempered martensite in 17-4PH containing welds and homogenized structure in stainless steel 304 weld.

Desirability of Tribo-Performance of Natural Based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Composites: A Concise Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Dhandapani ◽  
Senthilkumar Krishnasamy ◽  
Thitinun Ungtrakul ◽  
Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani ◽  
Rajini Nagarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Sliding Distance

Tribology, which may be defined as an interdisciplinary subject, deals with relative motion between two or more bodies, i.e., surfaces that are interacting relatively. Thus, tribology is a science covering three vital classes, namely, 1) wear, 2) friction, and 3) lubrication. The focus of this article is to bring out the elements that are influencing the wear-resisting behavior of thermosetting and thermoplastic composites with natural-based constituents. It was also identified from the literature sources that 1) the treatments on the natural fibers acting as reinforcement and 2) the addition of fillers in resin acting as matrix could improve the wear-resisting behavior of the composites. Additionally, other conditions such as 1) sliding speed, 2) sliding velocity, 3) sliding distance, and 4) operating temperature could also influence the friction coefficient and specific wear rate of the natural-based composites.

Computational Approches for Ballistic Impact Response of Stainless Steel 304

2021 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
A. Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity ◽  
Dynamic Loading Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ss 304

The present study introduces a numerical procedure to estimate the impact resistance of stainless steel 304 (SS 304) commonly used in producing security screens through calculation of the effective ballistic limit velocity (V50). Non-linear finite element (FE) analysis using ABAQUS FE software was performed to simulate the material response with wide variety of thicknesses under various impact scenarios. Three different techniques were employed to determine V50, including: simulation of SS 304 using material parameters obtained from coupons testings and impact residual velocity and energy based on FE analysis. The material plasticity and damage initiation and evolution under dynamic loading conditions were simulated using Johnson-Cook model, while Lambert-Jonas model was utilized in predicting the residual impact velocity and energy using robust data regression system. Very good correlation within the investigated methodologies was observed along with obvious proportional between V50and coupons’ thickness. The significance of the outcome of this investigation is the developing of feasible and economical approach to evaluate the impact resistance of SS 304 which will significantly contribute to the development of superior security screens.

scholarly journals Microstructure Evolution and Nanotribological Properties of Different Heat-Treated AISI 420 Stainless Steels after Proton Irradiation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.Y. Dai ◽  
G.Y. Niu ◽  
M.Z. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Proton Irradiation ◽  
Energy Proton ◽  
Aisi 420 ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Nanoscale Friction ◽  
Scratch Tests

In this paper, low-energy proton irradiation experiments with different cumulative fluences were performed on samples of AISI 420 stainless steel that were either annealed or tempered at 600 or 700 °C. The effects of the cumulative proton irradiation fluence on the evolution of the microstructure of AISI 420 were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scratch tests were performed using a Tribo Indenter nanomechanical tester, in order to investigate the effects of the cumulative fluence on the tribological properties of the AISI 420 stainless steel. The results indicate that the dislocation density of the microstructure near the surface of the AISI 420 stainless steel increases with higher cumulative proton irradiation fluences. Under the same load, the nanoscale friction coefficient and wear rate both decreased with increasing cumulative proton irradiation fluence. This indicates that the surface hardening effect induced by proton irradiation can diminish the nanoscale friction coefficient and wear rate.

scholarly journals Effect of Grain Size on the Friction-Induced Martensitic Transformation and Tribological Properties of 304 Austenite Stainless Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1246
Author(s):  
Bo Mao ◽  
Shuangjie Chu ◽  
Shuyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Transformation Behavior

Friction and wear performance of austenite stainless steels have been extensively studied and show a close relationship with the friction-induced martensitic transformation. However, how the grain size and associated friction-induced martensitic transformation behavior affect the tribological properties of austenite steels have not been systematically studied. In this work, dry sliding tests were performed on an AISI 304 stainless steel with a grain size ranging from 25 to 92 μm. The friction-induced surface morphology and microstructure evolution were characterized. Friction-induced martensitic transformation behavior, including martensite nucleation, martensite growth and martensite variant selection and its effect on the friction and wear behavior of the 304 stainless steel were analyzed. The results showed that both the surface coefficient of friction (COF) and the wear rate increase with the grain size. The COF was reduced three times and wear rate was reduced by 30% as the grain size decreased from 92 to 25 μm. A possible mechanism is proposed to account for the effect of grain size on the tribological behavior. It is discussed that austenite steel with refined grain size tends to suppress the amount of friction-induced martensitic transformed and significantly alleviates both the plowing and adhesive effect during dry sliding.

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