scholarly journals Inclusion of propylene glycol in the diet of sheep and its effect on their lambs’ protein and mineral metabolites

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Gilberto De Lima Macedo Junior ◽  
Simone Pedro da Silva ◽  
Luciano Fernandes de Sousa ◽  
Marina Elizabeth Barbosa Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of propylene glycol (PG) added to the water sheep drank during lactation on protein and mineral metabolites of their suckling lambs. We assessed 24 lambs born to sheep fed levels of propylene glycol in the water (0; 1.5; 3.0 and 4.5%). The sheep were subdivided according to a completely randomized design, in a split-plot scheme. There was no interaction effect between lamb age and amount of PG provided to the sheep on the concentration of protein and mineral metabolites of the lambs. The concentration of total protein, globulin, and albumin: globulin ratio, uric acid and creatinine in the lambs was not affected by the inclusion of PG (p > 0.05). The concentration of urea and magnesium in the lambs presented a quadratic response as a function of the addition of PG; there was linear response for albumin concentration. The addition of PG to the sheep’s diet and the lambs’ age affect the concentration of protein and mineral metabolites in the lambs. However, using PG to feed lactating sheep does not have negative effects on the lambs’ blood parameters, as evidenced by the absence of nutritional deficiency (protein and minerals) in the suckling lambs. 

scholarly journals Horses fed meal contaminated with mycotoxins performing short-term exercises

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 717-725
Author(s):  
Auro César Braga ◽  
Fernando Q. Almeida ◽  
Vinicius P. Silva ◽  
Maria I.V. Almeida ◽  
Kelly M. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Experimental Stage

ABSTRACT: This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of mycotoxins on the performance of horses through physiological parameters, and hematology and serum biochemistry analyses. The essay lasted 40 days, with 12 days for adaptation and 28 days of experimentation. In the experimental stage, the horses were distributed in a completely randomized design, with three treatments with four animals each. The treatments used were 0 (control), 50 ppb and 100 ppb of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) added to a concentrate in a basal diet. The basal diet contained mycotoxins from feedstuffs naturally contaminated. The exercise test was performed over the 21th day of the experimental stage. The exercise consisted in an interval training test with a warm-up of 17 mins at a trot followed by three gallops of 450m/min. The heart rate was monitored between the gallops. Before the exercise test and immediately after the third gallop, the physiological and blood parameters were evaluated, and continued up to 48 hours after the exercise. The results of the physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The presence of AFB1 in the diet influenced the alkaline phosphatase activity, which presented higher values in horses fed diet with inclusion of 100 ppb AFB1, suggesting a hepatotoxic activity associated with the others mycotoxins naturally present in the feedstuffs.

scholarly journals Response of ‘Bignay’ [Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng] to cutting origins, IBA and BioGroe treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar V Benabise ◽  
Jonalyn J Quinan ◽  
Joel G Carig
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Bottom Portion

The response of ‘Bignay’ [Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng] to the cutting origins and different levels of plant bio-regulators consist of Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) and Biogroe treatments were investigated by means of 3 x 9 factorial experiment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using an automated mist propagator. Two hundred sixteen (216) healthy seedlings containing 9 nodes each were used in the study. Results revealed that cutting origins significantly increased shoot length but have no influence on the root number, percent rooting and percent survival. The cuttings originated from the bottom portion of the stem recorded the longest mean in terms of shoot length (12.48 mm) including the highest percent survival and percent rooting (82.41%). Highest mean number of roots were observed on the top cuttings (1.93). Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) and Biogroe treatments on cuttings have no effects on the different parameters evaluated. The interaction effect between cutting origins and IBA/Biogroe treatments significantly increased the percent rooting and percent survival except the shoot length and root number of Bignay cuttings. Overall, the findings inferred that A. bunius can be propagated by any cutting origin derived from the main stem of the donor plants tested. Cuttings can effectively be induced to produce roots and survive and can be economically mass propagated even without the application of different concentrations of IBA and BioGroe.

scholarly journals LARVICIDAL AND ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITIES OF CLOVE LEAF OIL AGAINST Spodoptera litura (F.) ON SOYBEAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Rizka Nur Fateha ◽  
Maria Grasela ◽  
Muhammad Nur Ichwan ◽  
Eny Wahyuning Purwanti ◽  
Irianti Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Larvicidal and antifeedant activities of clove leaf oil against Spodoptera litura (F.) on Soybean. Economic losses due toinfestation by the soybean armyworm, Spodoptera litura can reach up to 100%. Some farmers often used insecticide to control thearmyworm. However, regular use of insecticide can cause several negative effects such as environmental pollution, residual toxicity,and health hazard for human. The objective of this research was to determine the larvicidal, antifeedant, and activities of cloveleaf oil (CLO) against the armyworm S. litura on soybean. The research was carried out at the plant pest control laboratory ofPoliteknik Pembangunan Pertanian Malang. Clove leaf oil was evaluated for its larvicidal and antifeedant activities against tenthird instar larvae of the armyworm. Completely randomized design was used with concentration levels of CLO as treatments.i.e. 0.4, 0.5, 0.67, 1.0, and 2.0% by volume. Profenofos 500 g L 0.1% and distilled water were include as control. Each treatment consisted of five replications. Mortality of the larvae and antifeedant activity were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by probit analysis for calculating LC 50  and LT 50-1. The results showed that CLO at 2.0% concentration was the most effective with regard to larvicidal and antifeedant activities. The LC 50 of CLO was 0.09% with LT 24.6 hours. This study revealed that the environmentally friendly CLO can be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticide for control S. litura.

Enzyme complex addition in barley or rye broiler diets with two energy levels fed from 1 to 21 days

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Caio Henrique Pereira de Souza ◽  
Márcia Izumi Sakamoto ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos ◽  
Humberto Marques Lipori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate diet digestibility, performance, digestive parameters, and blood parameters when an enzyme complex (EC) was used in barley- and rye-based diets with different energy levels. In the digestibility assay (exp. I), 108 seventeen-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two feeds (barley or rye), two EC levels (0% and 0.02%), and two energy levels [3025 and 3125 kcal apparent metabolizable energy (AME)·kg−1], plus a control treatment. In exp. II, 1080 one-day-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two feeds (barley or rye), two EC levels (0% and 0.02%), and two energy levels (2875 and 2975 kcal AME·kg−1). No interactions were observed for any variables (exp. I and II). Enzyme complex improved the apparent metabolizable coefficient of gross energy (P = 0.0432) of diets. The EC provided greater weight gain (P = 0.0003) and better feed conversion (P = 0.0025). Intestinal viscosity at 21 d was reduced (P < 0.0001) with the addition of the EC. The EC improved nutrient digestibility and performance, but the effects of energy reduction on performance could not be overcome.

scholarly journals Performance of crossbred dairy Friesian calves fed two levels ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae: intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, blood parameters and faecal pathogenic bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 1488-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. HASSAN ◽  
A. Z. M. SALEM ◽  
A. E. KHOLIF ◽  
M. SAMIR ◽  
M. H. YACOUT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

SUMMARYThe effect of feeding two levels ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeon the performance of crossbred Friesian calves was investigated. Twenty-four neonatal male Friesian × Baladi calves (35·5 ± 0·25 kg of initial body weight) were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design into three experimental groups for 90 days (eight calves per group). Calves fed their diets without yeast (S. cerevisiae) were considered as Control, while the diets of other calves were supplemented daily either with 2·5 g (YL diet) or with 5 g (YH diet) of yeast per calf. Calves fed the YH diet showed increased feed intake, while dry matter and fibre digestibilities were increased in calves fed YH and YL diets. Calves fed YL and YH diets showed lower ruminal ammonia-N and higher total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate concentrations than Control calves. Both YH and YL calves showed increased plasma concentrations of total protein, globulin and glucose and decreased cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. Calves’ final weight and daily gain were increased withS. cerevisiaeyeast supplemented diets. After 42 days of experiment,Clostridiumspp.,Escherichia coliandEnterobacteriaspp. counts were down to undetectable levels in the faeces of calves fedS. cerevisiaeadditive. It could be concluded that addingS. cerevisiaeto milk-fed calves increased feed utilization and improved pre-weaned calf performance and health status, reducing faecal pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of Robusta Coffee Extract on Histopathological in Mice Testes Induced with Monosodium Glutamat

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Trima Weliyani ◽  
Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽  
Sri Hidanah ◽  
Ragil Angga Prastiya ◽  
Prima Ayu Wibawati
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Function

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a sodium salt from glutamic acid which is currently very popular to be used as a food flavoring ingredient to stimulate appetite. Exessive consumption of MSG can disrupt the balance of antioxidants and ROS, and cause the negative effects of oxidative stress on testes. Coffee has high chlorogenic acid, function for antioxidants and reduce the negative effect on cell damage in the testes. This study aims to analyze the effect of robusta coffee extract on histological of mice testes induced with MSG. This study was completely randomized design (CRD), using 20 male mice for 5 treatment groups: K+ (MSG 0.12 mg and Vitamin C 6 mg), K- (MSG 0.12 mg and CMC Na 0.1 ml), P1 (MSG 0.12 mg and RCE 0.1 mg), P2 (MSG 0.12 mg and RCE 0.2 mg), and P3 (MSG 0.12 mg and RCE 0.4 mg) orally for 42 days. Histophatological scores were analyzed with Saphiro-Wilk Test and Anova. There is no effect of increasing testicular weight. 0,12 mg MSG can cause a decrease in the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. 0,2 mg robusta coffee extract can maintain the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Durian (Durio zibethinus (Linn.)) sebagai Antihiperurisemia

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Rela Sonia ◽  
Yusnelti Yusnelti ◽  
Fitrianingsih Fitrianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Potassium Oxonate

Durian (Durio zibethinus Linn.) leaves are known to inhibit the xanthine oxidase enzyme which can reduce uric acid levels in the blood. The purpose of study is to determine the effectiveness of ethanol extracts of durian leaves in reducing uric acid levels in hyperuricemic mice. The mice were induced with chicken’s liver juice 0,2 mL/20 gBW and potassium oxonate 250 mg/kgBW. The animals were mice with uric acid levels above 3,3 mg/dL or 6,2-7,1 mg/dL. The study was used a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications, with three mice in each replications. The treatments group were K+: Allopurinol 10 mg/kgBW; K-: CMC-Na 0.5%; extracts in group P1,P2, P3, P4 are 50; 100; 200; 250 mg/kgBW. The measurements of uric acid levels were performed on day-0, day-6 after induction, and day-15 after administering each group. The data obtained were analyzed by One Way Anova test followed by Duncan's Post Hoc further test. The results showed that durian leaves could reduce uric acid levels in mice blood with the highest percentage reduction was in P2 (100 mg/kgBW) group of 40,53%, followed by P1 (50 mg/kgBW) of 38,68%. The lowest percentage was in the P4 group (250 mg/kgBW) of 22,36%, followed by the P3 group (200 mg/kgBW) of 27,71% and the ED50 value was 61,65 mg/kgBW. In conclusion, ethanol extracts of durian leaves has a significant effect on decreasing total uric acid levels in mice and has potential as an antihyperuricemia agent.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS BIO-KOMPOS DAN BIO-POC TERHADAP SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK BATANG (Ostrinia furnacalis) PADA JAGUNG MANIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Yulensri Yulensri Yulensri
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Chicken Feces ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

 The stem borer (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee) is one of the main pests of corn. The yield loss due to this pest attack reaches 20-80%.  These pests are generally controlled chemically, causing various negative effects from the results of control, therefore environmentally friendly control techniques are needed, such as the use of bio-compost and bio-LOF. Bio-compost is compost combined with a consortium of bacteria Serratia marcecens, Bacillus thuringiensis and Pseudomonas fluorescens.  Bio-LOF is a liquid organic fertilizer that is processed using cow feces, cow urine, Glicerida leaves and coconut husk. The research objective is to determine the effectiveness of bio-compost with several concentrations of bio-LOF to control stem borer pests in sweet corn.  The research was conducted at experimental land of Payakumbuh Agricultural Polytechnic from January to June 2020.  This study used a factorial completely randomized design (4x3) with 3 replications. Factor K, namely K1; Tithonia bio-compost, K2; Hay bio-compost. K3; Manure bio-compost. K4: without bio-compost.  Factor D are: D1; Bio-LOF concentration 30%, D2; Bio-LOF 20%. D3: without Bio-LOF.  The data obtained were analyzed for variance using a statistical program of 8.0, then continued with the dancun test α 5%.  The results showed that the three types of bio-compost combined with bio-LOF could reduce the percentage of O. furnacalis pest attack on the stems and tips of sweet corn cobs.  There were 5 treatment combinations with  very effective criteria for coefficient of relatively control (CRC), namely. Tithonia bio-compost, Bio-LOF 30%, Hay bio-compost, bio-LOF 30%, chicken feces bio-compost, bio-LOF 30%, Straw bio-compost, Bio-LOF 20%, Without bio-compost,  Bio-LOF 30%.  The concentration of bio-LOF sprayed on the stems and leaves affects the effectiveness of the control where the 30% bio-LOF concentration had the very effective criteria of control, while the 20% concentration had the effective criteria of control. 

scholarly journals LARVICIDAL AND ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITIES OF CLOVE LEAF OIL AGAINST Spodoptera litura (F.) ON SOYBEAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Rizka Nur Fateha ◽  
Maria Grasela ◽  
Muhammad Nur Ichwan ◽  
Eny Wahyuning Purwanti ◽  
Irianti Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Economic losses due to infestation by the soybean armyworm, Spodoptera litura can reach up to 100%. Some farmers often used insecticide to control the armyworm. However, regular use of insecticide can cause several negative effects such as environmental pollution, residual toxicity, and health hazard for human. The objective of this research was to determine the larvicidal, antifeedant, and activities of clove leaf oil (CLO) against the armyworm S. litura on soybean. The research was carried out at the plant pest control laboratory of Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Malang. Clove leaf oil was evaluated for its larvicidal and antifeedant activities against ten third instar larvae of the armyworm. Completely randomized design was used with concentration levels of CLO as treatments. i.e. 0.4, 0.5, 0.67, 1.0, and 2.0% by volume. Profenofos 500 g L 0.1% and distilled water were include as control. Each treatment consisted of five replications. Mortality of the larvae and antifeedant activity were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by probit analysis for calculating LC 50 and LT 50 -1. The results showed that CLO at 2.0% concentration was the most effective with regard to larvicidal and antifeedant activities. The LC 50 of CLO was 0.09% with LT 24.6 hours. This study revealed that the environmentally friendly CLO can be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticide for control S. litura.

scholarly journals Choline and digestible methionine + cystine supplementation for quail in the laying phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Dirceu Neutzling Griep Júnior ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Pereira ◽  
Gregório Murilo Oliveira Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Edlaine Ferreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Quality ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of levels of choline and digestible methionine + cystine in diets for quail in the laying phase. A total of 280 Japanese laying quail were assigned to one of eight treatments in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of dietary supplementation with four levels of choline (0.0, 0.042, 0.084 and 0.126%) and two levels of digestible methionine + cystine (0.857 and 0.685%), with five replicates and seven birds per plot. The experimental period was 84 days, represented by four 21-day evaluation cycles in which quail performance and egg quality were evaluated. There was no interaction effect between the factors for any of the studied variables, except quail weight. The highest tested levels of methionine + cystine and choline supplementation improved egg weight, feed conversion egg mass?1 and yolk percentage. By contrast, albumen percentage decreased linearly as choline inclusion in the diet was elevated. The choline supplementation levels induced a quadratic response from eggshell percentage, whose optimum result was estimated at the choline level of 0.05% in the diet. Egg specific gravity decreased linearly as choline supplementation was increased. The indicated level of digestible methionine + cystine in the diet of Japanese quail in the laying phase is 0.857%, while choline should be supplemented at 0.126%.

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