scholarly journals Risk factors in the management of antimicrobial agents in nursing

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Consolação dos Santos ◽  
Juliana Dias Reis Pessalacia ◽  
Luciana Regina Ferreira da Mata
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Nursing Team

Current retrospective, descriptive, document-based study identified the risk factors in the administration of antimicrobial drugs by the nursing team. The hospital records at the Hematology and Oncology clinics of patients treated with antimicrobial agents in a hospital in the center-western region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between January 2008 and December 2011, were analyzed. Data were investigated with IBM program, Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.0 and inferential statistics. Chi-square and Fisher´s exact tests were employed to assess the differences between the categorical variables. Risk factors related to the administration of antimicrobial agents by the nursing team comprised lack of records of phlogistic infection signs; inadequate schedules for the administration of antimicrobial drugs; lack of precaution and isolation measures and of swab sampling. Continuous education programs for nurses, focusing on safe administration of antimicrobial agents, are highly relevant. 

scholarly journals The characteristics and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection: an outpatient population-based study in Changsha, Hunan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingsi Gao ◽  
Yu-Ligh Liou ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Lingxiao Zou ◽  
Waixing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Test Kit

AbstractThis cross-sectional study investigated the characteristics of cervical HPV infection in Changsha area and explored the influence of Candida vaginitis on this infection. From 11 August 2017 to 11 September 2018, 12,628 outpatient participants ranged from 19 to 84 years old were enrolled and analyzed. HPV DNA was amplified and tested by HPV GenoArray Test Kit. The vaginal ecology was detected by microscopic and biochemistry examinations. The diagnosis of Candida vaginitis was based on microscopic examination (spores, and/or hypha) and biochemical testing (galactosidase) for vaginal discharge by experts. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed by t-tests and by Chi-square tests, respectively. HPV infection risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Of the total number of participants, 1753 were infected with HPV (13.88%). Females aged ≥ 40 to < 50 years constituted the largest population of HPV-infected females (31.26%). The top 5 HPV subtypes affecting this population of 1753 infected females were the following: HPV-52 (28.01%), HPV-58 (14.83%), CP8304 (11.47%), HPV-53 (10.84%), and HPV-39 (9.64%). Age (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1–1.01; P < 0.05) and alcohol consumption (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09–1.56; P < 0.01) were found to be risk factors for HPV infection. However, the presence of Candida in the vaginal flora was found to be a protective factor against HPV infection (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.48–0.8; P < 0.001). Comparing with our previous study of 2016, we conclude that the subtype distribution of HPV infection is relatively constant in Changsha. Our data suggest a negative correlation between vaginal Candida and HPV, however, more radical HPV management is required in this area for perimenopausal women and those who regularly consume alcohol.

scholarly journals HPV genotyping and risk factors for anal high-risk HPV infection in men who have sex with men from Toronto, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoojin Choi ◽  
Mona Loutfy ◽  
Robert S. Remis ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Anuradha Rebbapragada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Sex With Men

AbstractMen who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by anal cancer, predominantly caused by high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Currently, the nonavalent HPV vaccine provides coverage against nine HPV genotypes, including seven HR-HPV genotypes. Here, we characterize anal HR-HPV genotype distribution and associated risk factors in MSM from Toronto, Canada recruited between September 2010 and June 2012. Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used for continuous variables, Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables, and a multivariable model using logistic regression was created to assess for correlates of anal HR-HPV infection. A total of 442 MSM were recruited, with a median age of 45 (IQR 38–50) and an overall HPV prevalence of 82%. The prevalence of any HR-HPV infection was 65.3% and 50.7% in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM, respectively. No participant tested positive for all genotypes covered by the nonavalent vaccine. HIV status (aOR 1.806; 95% CI 1.159–2.816), smoking (aOR 2.176; 95% CI 1.285–3.685) and the number of lifetime sexual partners (aOR 2.466; 95% CI 1.092–5.567) were independent risk factors for anal HR-HPV infection. Our findings will be useful to inform HPV vaccine rollout and HPV prevention strategies in Canadian MSM.

scholarly journals Respiratory complications in the early post-operative period following elective craniotomies

2015 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Sachidanand Bharati ◽  
Mihir Pandia ◽  
Girija Rath ◽  
Parmod Bithal ◽  
Hari Dash
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Intraoperative Period ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background and Aims: Respiratory complications are of major concern after intracranial procedures. The objective of the study was to assess the incidence of respiratory complications in the initial 72 hours after elective craniotomies and to identify the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing elective craniotomies were studied prospectively. Information pertinent to history, physical examinations, investigation reports, perioperative events and outcome at discharge of the patients were recorded. Occurrence of any sign or symptom of respiratory system, need for reintubation/increased ventilatory support within 72 hours of surgery were considered as post-operative respiratory complication. Relationships of numerical variables and categorical variables with post-operative respiratory complications (PRCs) were assessed via T test and Chi-square (or Fisher’s exact). Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression was performed for finding independent risk factors for respiratory complications. Results: Out of 961 patients, 137 (14.3%) patients developed PRC within 72 hours of surgery. Ninety-nine (10.3%) patients developed purulent tracheobronchitis. The patients who had PRC had longer hospital stays and poor Glasgow Outcome Scale at hospital discharge. The variables found as independent risk factors were tachycardia, blood transfusion in the intraoperative period and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) deterioration, hypokalemia and fever in the post-operative period. Conclusions: Respiratory complications within first 72 hours of elective craniotomies were common and were associated with prolonged hospital stay and poor neurological outcome. The variables which were found as independent risk factors were tachycardia, blood transfusion in the intraoperative period and GCS deterioration, hypokalemia and fever in the post-operative period.

scholarly journals PaO2/FiO2 and IL-6 are risk factors of mortality for intensive care COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Gu ◽  
Donghui Wang ◽  
Cen Chen ◽  
Wanjun Lu ◽  
Hongbing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Student’S T

AbstractTo identify the risk factors of mortality for the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) through a retrospective analysis. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and chest imaging data of patients admitted to the ICU of Huoshenshan Hospital from February 10 to April 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the continuous and categorical variables, respectively. The logistic regression model was employed to ascertain the risk factors of mortality. This retrospective study involved 123 patients, including 64 dead and 59 survivors. Among them, 57 people were tested for interleukin-6 (IL-6) (20 died and 37 survived). In all included patients, the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was identified as an independent risk factor (odd ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.928–0.994, p = 0.021). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.895 (95% CI: 0.826–0.943, p < 0.0001). Among the patients tested for IL-6, the PaO2/FiO2 (OR = 0.955, 95%CI: 0.915–0.996, p = 0.032) and IL-6 (OR = 1.013, 95%CI: 1.001–1.025, p = 0.028) were identified as independent risk factors. The AUC was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.791–0.964, p < 0.0001) for IL-6 and 0.865 (95% CI: 0.748–0.941, p < 0.0001) for PaO2/FiO2. PaO2/FiO2 and IL-6 could potentially serve as independent risk factors for predicting death in COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care.

scholarly journals Risk factors of mortality for intensive care COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Gu ◽  
Donghui Wang ◽  
Cen Chen ◽  
Wanjun Lu ◽  
Hongbing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Aims: To identify the risk factors of mortality for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), we conducted a retrospective analysis.Methods: The demographic characteristics, laboratory findings and chest X-ray data of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU of Huoshenshan Hospital from February 10 to April 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Student's t test and chi-square test were used to compare continuous variables, categorical variables respectively. Logistic regression model was used to seek risk factors of mortality.Results: A total of 57 patients (38 males and 19 females) were included in this retrospective study, including 20 patients in deceased group and 37 patients in surviving group. Leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, eosinophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), arterial partial pressure of oxygen/oxygen concentration (PaO2/FiO2) and imaging findings were statistically different between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2 as independent risk factors of mortality. The area of under curves (AUC) of IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2 were 0.9 (95%CI:0.823-0.977, p<0.0001) and 0.865 (95%CI:0.774-0.956, p<0.0001) respectively. The cut-off value of IL-6 was 25.69 pg/mL, the sensitivity was 95% and the specificity was 75.7%, while the cut-off value of PaO2/FiO2 was 167.79 mmHg, the sensitivity was 75.7% and the specificity was 85%.Conclusion: Clinicians should pay enough attention to IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2, especially when IL-6>25.69 pg/ml and PaO2/FiO2<167.79 mmHg, and take active intervention measures as early as possible.

Risk factors for sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs): Updated results from a single-center case control study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14594-e14594
Author(s):  
Thorvardur Ragnar Halfdanarson ◽  
William R Bamlet ◽  
Robert R. McWilliams ◽  
Timothy J. Hobday ◽  
Patrick A. Burch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

e14594 Background: PNETs are uncommon malignancies and little is known about risk their factors and association with other cancers. Our aim was to evaluate smoking, alcohol use, personal history of diabetes and a family history of PNET and other cancers as potential risk factors. Methods: PNET cases seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester from 2000 to 2011 were evaluated. Insulinoma and high-grade PNETs were excluded. Primary care patients served as controls and were matched (2:1 ratio) to cases on age, sex and region of residence. Cases and controls completed questionnaires at the time of evaluation. Categorical variables were compared with the chi-square test; continuous variables were compared using a two-sample t test. Results: 355 cases were evaluated, mean age was 56.6 years, 52% were males and 96% were White. Personal smoking history was not associated with PNETs (cases 51%, controls 47%, p=0.24). Ever-alcohol use was less common among cases (54% vs. 67%, p=0.001). 19% of cases reported a history of diabetes compared with 11% of controls (p<0.001). Cases were more likely than controls to report a family member with sarcoma (p=0.02), PNET (p=0.024), gall bladder cancer (p=0.024), ovarian cancer (p=0.04) and stomach cancer (p=0.01). Conclusions: Cases with PNETs were more likely than controls to report a history of diabetes and less likely to report alcohol use. There was no association with smoking. Several types of cancer were more commonly reported in family members of cases than controls.

scholarly journals Elevated 1st trimester serum uric acid - a risk for gestational diabetes mellitus among South-Indians: a prospective observational, longitudinal study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4923
Author(s):  
Chetana N. Rao ◽  
Kannaki Uthraraj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Carbohydrate Intolerance

Background: Mildest carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy may increase the risk of maternal and foetal complications. Studies suggest interesting relationships between elevated 1st trimester SUA and development of GDM, but they have not been consistent and as per our literature search we did find only one or two such studies carried out on South-Indian women in whom, the food habits, genetics, environmental factors differ from rest of the world.Methods: 124 pregnant women were studied with an aim to prospectively evaluate relation between 1st trimester SUA levels with development of GDM. Continuous data were analyzed for average/mean, median and standard deviation; and categorical variables using chi-square, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and ANOVA.Results: 36% of the study sample had risk factors for GDM with an incidence of 22.6%. Pearson correlation with 1st trimester SUA concentration of 3.2 mg/dl as a cut-off point for predicting GDM risk was found to be statistically significant. At cut-off levels of 3.98 mg/dl, risk of women developing GDM requiring insulin therapy in addition to diet was statistically significant.Conclusions: Along with other risk factors, elevated 1st trimester SUA levels is an independent risk factor for development of GDM. If diagnosed early and properly monitored, GDM usually doesn’t affect pregnancy outcome in our population.

scholarly journals Assessment of COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude, practice and professional risk factors associated to develop infection among the police personnel of Bangladesh during the rapid rise period of the outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Bahni Chakraborty ◽  
Pushpita Chakraborty ◽  
Ashekul Islam ◽  
M. Nur Hossain Bhuiyan ◽  
Pulak Kanti Palit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Police Personnel

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Bangladesh police have been engaged in different COVID-19 related containment activities consequently they are being badly affected and sacrifice their lives. However, as a newly outbreak pandemic, there may have lack of proper knowledge, attitude and practices in handling to prevent rapid spreading of deadly COVID-19 virus in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the KAP and associated risk factors with COVID-19 among police personnel during pandemic. Total 2290 police personnel from different metropolitan cities were included and data were collected over telephone interview with an administered questionnaire following a convenient sampling technique. Bivariate associations between categorical variables were examined using Chi-square test. We also explored the independent risk factors for COVID-19 infection using binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 2290 respondents 458 (20%) were found to be COVID-19 positive and majority (42.5%) of them were male (97.5%) and belonged to age group of 31-40 years. Our study showed that an increased risk of COVID-19 infection for those who stayed in police barrack (OR=3.45; 95% CI:1.21-6.42; p&lt;0.021), not practicing social distancing always (OR=2.13; 95% CI:1.12-5.31; p&lt;0.031) and not wearing mask appropriately (OR=2.15; 95% CI: 1.31-4.52; p&lt;0.003). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study provides a unique baseline of KAP and professional risk factors among the police personnel in Bangladesh on COVID-19 which indicated that, community-based health campaigns are obligatory to hold expectant attitudes and practice appropriate intervention measures. KAP study aimed at other front liners should be urgently addressed.</p>

scholarly journals Insomnia Prevalence among Italian Night-Shift Nurses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-535
Author(s):  
Nicola Ielapi ◽  
Michele Andreucci ◽  
Umberto Marcello Bracale ◽  
Davide Costa ◽  
Egidio Bevacqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Northern Zone

Background. Insomnia is one of the major health problems related with a decrease in quality of life (QOL) and also in poor functioning in night-shift nurses, that also may negatively affect patients’ care. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of insomnia in night shift nurses. This observational online web-based survey using Google®® modules specifically aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for insomnia among Italian nurses. Methods. Data collection for this study lasted one month, with the questionnaire available from 1 March 2021 to 1 April 2021. Continuous variables were considered as either mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR) based on their distribution. Comparison among insomnia categories was assessed by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test according to variable distribution. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test. Results. A total of 2355 responses were included in the final analysis, with 917 from the Northern zone, 815 from the Western zone, and 623 from the Southern zone of Italy. The prevalence of insomnia in the overall population was 65.4% (1524 out 2355 nurses suffered from insomnia). Conclusions. Nursing is a high-pressure profession, with heavy duties and high professional risks. We found an important prevalence of insomnia in night shift nurses, and we hope it may help to solicit further studies aimed to identify the risk factors for this working disorder among nurses.

scholarly journals Frequency of types of parturition and their relationship with maternal characteristics: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2051
Author(s):  
Farah Khan ◽  
Saira Jamshed ◽  
Zakia Bano ◽  
Amna Begum ◽  
Madiha Ariff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Inferential Analysis

Background: The pathways that are involved for the duration of pregnancy and type of parturition are extremely complex, involving maternal as well as fetal systems. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of types of parturition and their relationship with maternal characteristics among pregnant female patients.Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a non-probability convenient sampling technique was conducted among 195 healthy pregnant females at Obstetrics and Gynaecological Department of Hamdard Hospital, Karachi, from 1st March 2019 to 31st August 2019. After taking written informed consent from the participants, the relevant data were gathered with the help of a structured questionnaire designed specifically for the study. Statistical package for social sciences was used for data entry while the chi-square test was applied for inferential analysis. The duration of the study was six months. Data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Descriptive analysis was performed by generating means and standard deviations for continuous variables while frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. A Chi-square test was applied to perform the inferential analysis while the significance level was set at 0.05.Results: A total of 195 pregnant females were included in the study, whose mean age was 29.29±5.22 years. The study results showed that BMI before pregnancy (p=0.021), rest is taken during pregnancy (p=0.034) and gravida status (p=0.047) were all significantly associated with the type of parturition among the study participants, but spacing in pregnancies and parity were not.Conclusions: Maternal characteristics were found to be significantly associated with the type of parturition among pregnant females. For gynecologists the maternal characteristics identified in this study may serve as a useful indicator of the type of parturition expected in their patients.

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