The Combine Effect of Copper and Nickel on Tensile Strength of Ductile Iron

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 665-670
Author(s):  
M. Ashraf Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Combine Effect ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Sandwich Method ◽  
Effect Of Copper

The present study investigated the effect of copper and nickel together on ductile iron. Ductile iron was produced by the sandwich method using induction furnace installed at local commercial foundry. Heats without copper & nickel and with copper 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% nickel in combination were made. Tensile samples were machined from Y Block castings. Tensile test was performed to find out the effect of copper and nickel together on tensile strength of ductile iron. Effect of austempering heat treatment was also studied to find out the effect of copper and nickel in combination on tensile strength. The samples were austenitized at 900 oC for one hour and austempered at 270 oC and 370 oC. It was found that with the addition of copper and nickel the tensile strength of ductile iron increased. The tensile strength was more than double when the samples were subjected to austempering heat treatment at 270°C.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colin García ◽  
Alejandro Cruz Ramírez ◽  
Guillermo Reyes Castellanos ◽  
José Federico Chávez Alcalá ◽  
Jaime Téllez Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Good Agreement

Ductile iron camshafts low alloyed with 0.2 and 0.3 wt % vanadium were produced by one of the largest manufacturers of the ductile iron camshafts in México “ARBOMEX S.A de C.V” by a phenolic urethane no-bake sand mold casting method. During functioning, camshafts are subject to bending and torsional stresses, and the lobe surfaces are highly loaded. Thus, high toughness and wear resistance are essential for this component. In this work, two austempering ductile iron heat treatments were evaluated to increase the mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness of the ductile iron camshaft low alloyed with vanadium. The austempering process was held at 265 and 305 °C and austempering times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The volume fraction of high-carbon austenite was determined for the heat treatment conditions by XRD measurements. The ausferritic matrix was determined in 90 min for both austempering temperatures, having a good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased. The mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness were evaluated from samples obtained from the camshaft and the standard Keel block. The highest mechanical properties were obtained for the austempering heat treatment of 265 °C for 90 min for the ADI containing 0.3 wt % V. The tensile and yield strength were 1200 and 1051 MPa, respectively, while the hardness and the energy impact values were of 47 HRC and 26 J; these values are in the range expected for an ADI grade 3.

scholarly journals Strength Behaviour of Hot Die Steel with Respect to its Heat Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2100-2102
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Austenitizing Temperature ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
The Impact

The surface temperature of hot die steel reaches typically up to 550ºC or above during processes like hot extrusion and casting non-ferrous material. The present paper explores the impact of austenitizing temperature as well as tempering temperature on the tensile strength of hot die steel. Heat treatment is done at three different austenitizing temperatures of 1010ºC, 1030ºC, and 1050ºC, followed by tempering done at two different temperatures of 540ºC and 580°C. Tempering is done twice for two hours. Metallographic grinding, polishing, and then etching using 2% Nital is done to investigate the microstructure of hot die steel with respect to its heat treatment. It is found that the grain size of hot die steel increases with an increase in austenitizing temperature. The impact on tensile strength of hot die steel for its heat treatment is examined by conducting the uniaxial tensile test to fracture. And investigation of the morphology of the fracture surface produced after the tensile test is done. It was found that hot die steel with large grain size exhibits lesser tensile strength. Whereas, the one having smaller grain has higher tensile strength that is found to be in accordance with the Hall-Patch equation

Tensile Strength Properties of Niobium Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron on Different Austempering Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 1155-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
A. Jaffar ◽  
Abd Amirul Rashid ◽  
M. Haskil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Bath Furnace

This study focused on tensile strength properties inclusive of ultimate tensile strength and elongation values of niobium alloyed ductile iron in as cast and austempered conditions. The tensile specimens were machined according to TS 138 EN 10002-1 standard. Austempering heat treatment was conducted by first undergoing austenitizing process at 900°C before rapidly quenched in salt bath furnace and held at 350°C for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours subsequently. The findings indicated that austempering the samples for 1 hour had resulted in improvement of almost twice of the tensile strength in niobium alloyed ductile iron. Improvement of elongations values were also noted after 1 hour austempering times. Increasing the austempering holding times to 2 hour and 3 hours had resulted in decrement in both tensile strength and elongations values.

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructures and Properties of Mg-12Li-3Gd-3Y-0.6Zr Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 375-378
Author(s):  
Jian Feng ◽  
Jin Liang Huang ◽  
Yu Xin Jia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
X Ray

A new kind of Mg-12Li-3Gd-3Y-0.6Zr alloys was prepared in vacuum conditions with the protection of argon atmosphere. The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-12Li-3Gd-3Y-0.6Zr alloy were studied by optical microscopy, SEM, XRD and tensile test. The results show that the highest tensile strength of the alloy reaches 142MPa after aging treatment at 373K for 2h, and the best elongation of the alloy reaches 54% after solid solution and aging treatment at 673K for 2h + 373K for 2h. The X-ray analysis of the investigated alloy shows that the phase structure of the investigated alloy is β-Li, Mg2Gd and Mg24Y5.

Effect of Li on Al-Si Alloys Structure and Properties

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Zhong Kui Zhao ◽  
Zhen Qiao ◽  
Chang Long Li ◽  
Qing Zhou Sun ◽  
Pu Qing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Ageing Time ◽  
Vacuum Induction Furnace ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
A Value ◽  
Li Content

Al-12Si alloys containing1%, 2% and 3% lithium were prepared. The alloys were melted by a vacuum induction furnace. The microstructure was observed by optical microscopy, tensile test was performed at a rate of 1mm•s-1. Hardness was determined by a Vicker’s hardness machine. Adding 1%Li to the of Al-12Si alloy, the alloy is modified and its structure is eutectic. When Li content is 2% or 3%, the structure is hyper-eutectic, and proeutectic Si-phases are present. The Al-12Si-1Li alloy has a tensile strength of 190MPa and an elongation of 1%. With the increment of lithium, the strength and elongation of Al-12Si containing Li alloys gradually decreases, because of the presence of proeutectic Si-phases. The alloys exhibits hardening behaviors when ageing at 200°C, and the hardness decreases to a value with the prolongation of the ageing time.

scholarly journals Mechanical characterization and optimization of heat treatment parameters of manganese alloyed austempered ductile iron

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4356-4367
Author(s):  
Ananda Hegde ◽  
Sathyashankara Sharma ◽  
Ramakrishna Vikas Sadanand
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Austenitization Temperature ◽  
The Family ◽  
Austempering Temperature

Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) belongs to the family of cast irons whose mechanical properties are altered using austempering heat treatment process. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of heat treatment parameters on manganese alloyed ADI. Hence, austenitization temperature, austempering temperature and austempering time are taken as the control variables along with the manganese content in the material. The effects of heat treatment are studied by measuring the ultimate tensile strength and the hardness of the material.  The regression equations are developed to relate the various parameters under study. The microstructures of the specimen reveal that retained austenite content increases with increase in manganese and results in decrease in hardness of the material. The statistical analyses indicate that the austempering temperature is the major factor affecting the variation in hardness and tensile strength with 74.5 % of contribution within the range of values whereas,  variation in manganese content does not have significant effect on hardness within the investigated composition range in the material.

scholarly journals Evaluation of AA6061-T6 behavior subjected to Cyclic Solution Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387
Author(s):  
Najmuldeen Yousif Mahmood ◽  
Ahmed Ameed Zainulabdeen ◽  
Jabbar Hussein Mohmmed ◽  
Hasanain Abd Oun
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Precipitate Phase

The effects of the repeated solution heat treatment on hardness, tensile strength and microstructure of aluminum were studied. For this purpose, an alloy of AA6061-T6 was undergo to cyclic solution heat treatment process which is composed of repeated period (10 min) held at 520 °C for 1, 4, 8 and 12 cycles. The hardness was tested for five aging times (as quenching, one week, three weeks, one month and five months) to all cycles (1, 4, 8 and 12) firstly and it is found that the hardness of five months as aging time for all cycles has the best results (90Hv) as compared with others (as quenching, one week, three weeks, and one month), so it was adopted for all cycles to implement the tensile test and the microstructure. Hardness results were improved to Vickers hardness of (90Hv) with increasing of cycles up to 8 cycles then decreasing after that to (45Hv). Tensile results were showed an increment (34%) also for the same group of 8 cycles compared with (17%) and (9%) for 4 and 12 cycles, respectively. Microstructure is revealed that whenever cycles are increased, the precipitate phase in alloy is increased also, thus, it is improved the hardness and tensile strength.

Effect of Copper on Tensile Strength Improvement of Al-Cu-SiCP New Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Maleque ◽  
A. Arifutzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Effect Of Copper

The composite materials with 2, 4 and 6 % Cu were developed using a noble stir casting method. Tensile test was conducted using universal tensile test machine according to ASTM-2002 (E8M-01) standard and the fracture surface was analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result showed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was increased due to the percentage increment of Cu in the Al-Cu matrix. A significant change in UTS was observed from 2 to 4 % Cu whereas slight improvement was seen from 4 to 6 % Cu addition. The SEM micrograph of the fracture surface reveals that the cracks were propagated in the fibrous zone resulting from the initiation of micro voids between the matrix and particle interfaces. The number and size of dimples for 2% Cu were considerably lower and the facet features were noticeably higher than higher Cu content composition, whereas, the dimple and facet size and number for the 4% Cu are very close to the 6% Cu content composite which may play important role in the improvement of tensile strength. These findings tinted for the potential application of SiCp reinforced Cu influenced Al-Cu-SiCp composite for automotive engine components and other similar applications as well.

VASCOMAX T-300

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Vacuum Arc Remelting ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract VASCOMAX T-300 is an 18% nickel maraging steel in which titanium is the primary strengthening agent. It develops a tensile strength of about 300,000 psi with simple heat treatment. The alloy is produced by Vacuum Induction Melting/Vacuum Arc Remelting. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-454. Producer or source: Teledyne Vasco.

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