Tensile Strength Properties of Niobium Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron on Different Austempering Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 1155-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
A. Jaffar ◽  
Abd Amirul Rashid ◽  
M. Haskil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Bath Furnace

This study focused on tensile strength properties inclusive of ultimate tensile strength and elongation values of niobium alloyed ductile iron in as cast and austempered conditions. The tensile specimens were machined according to TS 138 EN 10002-1 standard. Austempering heat treatment was conducted by first undergoing austenitizing process at 900°C before rapidly quenched in salt bath furnace and held at 350°C for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours subsequently. The findings indicated that austempering the samples for 1 hour had resulted in improvement of almost twice of the tensile strength in niobium alloyed ductile iron. Improvement of elongations values were also noted after 1 hour austempering times. Increasing the austempering holding times to 2 hour and 3 hours had resulted in decrement in both tensile strength and elongations values.

Tensile Strength Properties of Niobium Alloyed Austempered Ductile Iron on Different Austempering Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 1155-1158
Author(s):  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
A. Jaffar ◽  
Abd Amirul Rashid ◽  
M. Haskil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron

Effect of Chills on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
R. Prem Kumar ◽  
S.S. Mohamed Nazirudeen ◽  
J. Anburaj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
The Third ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Bath Furnace

Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) is a recent addition to the Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) family. The effect of chills on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CADI was investigated after Austempering. Three samples of chromium alloyed CADI, the first sample without chill, the second sample with bottom chill and the third sample with bottom and side chills were produced in order to evaluate the effect of chills on its mechanical properties. The samples were austenised for 2 hours at 925° C and then austempered at 325° C for 2 hours in a salt bath furnace. The microstructural features of the as-cast and the austempered CADI samples were analysed using Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties of the CADI samples (as-cast and austempered) were evaluated for hardness, impact and wear. By austempering at 325° C for 2 hours a typical microstructure of bainite was produced in all the three samples. Hardness and wear resistance of austempered samples produced using bottom and side chills were considerably higher than the corresponding values in samples produced without using any chill and also by using only bottom chill. This enhanced mechanical property in the bottom and side chill sample is attributed to the presence of bainite, carbides and more of uniform fine graphite nodules.

Phase Transformations and XRD Analysis of Austempered Ductile Iron

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
S. K. Alias ◽  
A. Jaffar ◽  
M. F. Idham ◽  
A. Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Lower Bainite ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Upper Bainite ◽  
Cast Ductile Iron ◽  
Bath Furnace

This research penetrated on the transformation of phases in the microstructures of austempered ductile iron with respect to different austempering holding times. Ductile iron samples were constituted in form of Y block double cylinder with dimension of 300m x Ø25mm through CO2 sand casting process in 60 kg capacity furnace. Austempering process were conducted by first austenitizing the samples at temperature of 900°C for 1 hour. The process continues by rapidly quenched the samples inside salt bath furnace at 350°C for three different holding times of 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hour. Samples were then taken out and cooled at room temperature. Samples were then prepared in accordance to standard metallographic process and observed using Tabletop Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) model Hitachi TM3000. Phases were then verified through X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) test by Rigaku diffractometer. The phase structures of as cast ductile iron mainly consisted of graphite nodules embedded in ferrite and pearlite phases Austempering the samples for 1 hour holding time promoted the structures of ferrite platelets and bainitic structures surrounding the graphite. Longer austempering holding times resulted in coarsening of the ferrite platelets structures and transformation from lower bainite to upper bainite structures.

scholarly journals Mechanical characterization and optimization of heat treatment parameters of manganese alloyed austempered ductile iron

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4356-4367
Author(s):  
Ananda Hegde ◽  
Sathyashankara Sharma ◽  
Ramakrishna Vikas Sadanand
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Austenitization Temperature ◽  
The Family ◽  
Austempering Temperature

Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) belongs to the family of cast irons whose mechanical properties are altered using austempering heat treatment process. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of heat treatment parameters on manganese alloyed ADI. Hence, austenitization temperature, austempering temperature and austempering time are taken as the control variables along with the manganese content in the material. The effects of heat treatment are studied by measuring the ultimate tensile strength and the hardness of the material.  The regression equations are developed to relate the various parameters under study. The microstructures of the specimen reveal that retained austenite content increases with increase in manganese and results in decrease in hardness of the material. The statistical analyses indicate that the austempering temperature is the major factor affecting the variation in hardness and tensile strength with 74.5 % of contribution within the range of values whereas,  variation in manganese content does not have significant effect on hardness within the investigated composition range in the material.

scholarly journals Influence of the Salt Bath Agitation and Austempering Temperature on the Microstructure of Austempered Ductile Iron

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikša Čatipović ◽  
Dražen Živković ◽  
Zvonimir Dadić ◽  
Marin Viceić
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Toughness Test ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Final Microstructure ◽  
Austempering Temperature

In this paper the influence of austempering temperature and salt bath agitation on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of the ferritic ductile iron were studied. 17 samples had been subjected to different heat treatment parameters. Different microstructures were recorded upon the completion of the tests. From the obtained micro images, it is obvious that both the austempering temperature and salt bath agitation affect the final microstructure of the austempered ductile iron. Lower austempering temperatures and salt bath agitation produce more ausferrite in the microstructure, hence the harder and tougher phases are present. This was confirmed with hardness and toughness test of the 17 heat-treated samples. Lower austempering temperatures give more ausferrite phase and therefore higher hardness, but hardness decreases with increasing austempering temperatures. Toughness rises with rising austempering temperatures, but drops significantly with temperatures above 395°C because of the final microstructure.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colin García ◽  
Alejandro Cruz Ramírez ◽  
Guillermo Reyes Castellanos ◽  
José Federico Chávez Alcalá ◽  
Jaime Téllez Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Good Agreement

Ductile iron camshafts low alloyed with 0.2 and 0.3 wt % vanadium were produced by one of the largest manufacturers of the ductile iron camshafts in México “ARBOMEX S.A de C.V” by a phenolic urethane no-bake sand mold casting method. During functioning, camshafts are subject to bending and torsional stresses, and the lobe surfaces are highly loaded. Thus, high toughness and wear resistance are essential for this component. In this work, two austempering ductile iron heat treatments were evaluated to increase the mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness of the ductile iron camshaft low alloyed with vanadium. The austempering process was held at 265 and 305 °C and austempering times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The volume fraction of high-carbon austenite was determined for the heat treatment conditions by XRD measurements. The ausferritic matrix was determined in 90 min for both austempering temperatures, having a good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased. The mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness were evaluated from samples obtained from the camshaft and the standard Keel block. The highest mechanical properties were obtained for the austempering heat treatment of 265 °C for 90 min for the ADI containing 0.3 wt % V. The tensile and yield strength were 1200 and 1051 MPa, respectively, while the hardness and the energy impact values were of 47 HRC and 26 J; these values are in the range expected for an ADI grade 3.

scholarly journals Achievement of High Strength and Ductility in Al–Si–Cu–Mg Alloys by Intermediate Phase Optimization in As-Cast and Heat Treatment Conditions

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingrong Zhang ◽  
Lingkun Zhang ◽  
Zhiming Wang ◽  
Anjiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Eutectic Si

In order to obtain high-strength and high-ductility Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloys, the present research is focused on optimizing the composition of soluble phases, the structure and morphology of insoluble phases, and artificial ageing processes. The results show that the best matches, 0.4 wt% Mg and 1.2 wt% Cu in the Al–9Si alloy, avoided the toxic effect of the blocky Al2Cu on the mechanical properties of the alloy. The addition of 0.6 wt% Zn modified the morphology of eutectic Si from coarse particles to fine fibrous particles and the texture of Fe-rich phases from acicular β-Fe to blocky π-Fe in the Al–9Si–1.2Cu–0.4Mg-based alloy. With the optimization of the heat treatment parameters, the spherical eutectic Si and the fully fused β-Fe dramatically improved the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture. Compared with the Al–9Si–1.2Cu–0.4Mg-based alloy, the 0.6 wt% Zn modified alloy not only increased the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of peak ageing but also reduced the time of peak ageing. The following improved combination of higher tensile strength and higher elongation was achieved for 0.6 wt% Zn modified alloy by double-stage ageing: 100 °C × 3 h + 180 °C × 7 h, with mechanical properties of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ~371 MPa, yield strength (YS) of ~291 MPa, and elongation to fracture (E%) of ~5.6%.

Strength of Commercial Aluminum Alloys after Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Post-ECAP Processing

2006 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Yu. Murashkin ◽  
M.V. Markushev ◽  
Julia Ivanisenko ◽  
Ruslan Valiev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Ecap Processing ◽  
Angular Pressing

The effects of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), further heat treatment and rolling on the structure and room temperature mechanical properties of the commercial aluminum alloys 6061 (Al-0.9Mg-0.7Si) and 1560 (Al-6.5Mg-0.6Mn) were investigated. It has been shown that the strength of the alloys after ECAP is higher than that achieved after conventional processing. Prior ECAP solution treatment and post-ECAP ageing can additionally increase the strength of the 6061 alloy. Under optimal ageing conditions a yield strength (YS) of 434 MPa and am ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 470 MPa were obtained for the alloy. Additional cold rolling leads to a YS and UTS of 475 and 500 MPa with 8% elongation. It was found that the post-ECAP isothermal rolling of the 1560 alloy resulted in the formation of a nano-fibred structure and a tensile strength (YS = 540 MPa and UTS = 635 MPa) that has never previously been observed in commercial non-heat treatable alloys.

scholarly journals The Selection of Heat Treatment Parameters to Obtain Austempered Ductile Iron with the Required Impact Strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 5865-5878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Wilk-Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Regulski ◽  
Tomasz Giętka ◽  
Grzegorz Gumienny ◽  
Krzysztof Jaśkowiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF TiB2 PARTICLES ON THE STRUCTURE, DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR, AND PROPERTIES OF THE ALUMINUM ALLOY 1550

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Aleksandr B. VOROZHTSOV ◽  
◽  
Vladimir V. PLATOV ◽  
Aleksandr A. KOZULIN ◽  
Anton P. KHRUSTALEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Rolled Sheet ◽  
Master Alloys ◽  
Cast Alloys ◽  
Tib2 Particles

In this work, the special master alloys containing aluminum and TiB2 powder with bimodal particle size distribution in three mixture compositions are prepared. The master alloys are infused into the melts using an external ultrasound source. The castings with particles had smaller grain sizes than the initial castings without particles. It is found that the hardness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength reach higher values with an increase in the relative elongation of the cast alloys with added particles. A warm rolling mode is employed for the studied alloys to obtain sheet blanks. It is shown that the staged shrinkage of the billets up to deformation of 80 % with periodic heating up to 300 °C allows one to obtain defect-free sheet products. The structure of the rolled sheet-alloys is characterized by the plate-shaped grains elongated along the rolling direction with pockets of submicron-sized grains in between. The strength properties of the studied rolled alloys exceeded those of the cast alloys. In the case of the rolled alloys, an increase in the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility is revealed for the alloys with particles as compared to the ones with no particles added.

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