Impact and Sliding Wear Resistance of Hadfield and Rail Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Harzallah ◽  
A. Mouftiez ◽  
S. Hariri ◽  
E. Felder ◽  
J.P. Maujean
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Rail Steel ◽  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
Surface Examination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time In Service

Railway networks are subjected to more and more severe loading conditions requiring the use of steels with a high resistance to wear and good fatigue behaviour. The surveys carried out on out of use equipment, such as rails or switches, show that these equipments fail by wear after quite a long period of use, but they can fail by fatigue in a substantially shorter time. In service, crossings are submitted to rolling, impact and sliding stresses. The impact-sliding is the result of the wheel transition from rail wing to crossing nose. Very high contact forces act on the crossing nose while such wheels are passing over it. These large contact forces between wheel and crossing can cause severe damage at crossing nose and wing rail. The influence of contact parameters on the damage of the crossing alloy (Hadfield steel GX120Mn13) in comparison with rail steel (R260) was investigated by impact and impact-sliding tests. The results are described and discussed using weight loss and microhardness measurements, optical and scanning electron microscopy observations of the contact surface. Examination of the results shows large plastic deformation in surface and subsurface of samples. In comparison with impact tests, sliding produces a change in size and shape of the contact area, a higher weight loss and lower hardening. A better impact–sliding wear resistance of Hadfield steel has been confirmed.

Increasing in wear resistance of excavating machine elements

2020 ◽  
pp. 306-308
Author(s):  
V.S. Bochkov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Viii And Ix ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the search for solutions to increase the wear resistance of bucket teeth of excavating machine type front shovel is analyzed. The reasons for the wear of the teeth are considered. It is determined that when excavating machines work for rocks of VIII and IX categories, impact-abrasive wear of the inner side of the teeth and abrasive external wear occurs. It is proved that the cold-work hardening of Hadfield steel (the teeth material), which occurs during the excavating machine teeth work in the rocks of VIII and IX categories, reduces the impact-abrasive wear rate on the inner side of the teeth and does not affect the abrasive wear of the outer. The methods for thermomechanical treatment of the outer side of the excavating machine tooth is proposed. It can increase the wear resistance of Hadfield steel (110G13L) up to 1.7 times and lead to the self-sharpening effect of the tooth due to equalization of the wear rate of the outer and inner parts of the tooth. The efficiency factor of thermomechanical treatment to reduce the of abrasive wear rate of Hadfield steel is experimentally proved.

A Comparison of the Tribo-Mechanical Properties of a Wear Resistant Cobalt-Based Alloy Produced by Different Manufacturing Processes

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yu ◽  
R. Ahmed ◽  
H. de Villiers Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to compare the tribo-mechanical properties and structure–property relationships of a wear resistant cobalt-based alloy produced via two different manufacturing routes, namely sand casting and powder consolidation by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). The alloy had a nominal wt % composition of Co–33Cr–17.5W–2.5C, which is similar to the composition of commercially available Stellite 20 alloy. The high tungsten and carbon contents provide resistance to severe abrasive and sliding wear. However, the coarse carbide structure of the cast alloy also gives rise to brittleness. Hence this research was conducted to comprehend if the carbide refinement and corresponding changes in the microstructure, caused by changing the processing route to HIPing, could provide additional merits in the tribo-mechanical performance of this alloy. The HIPed alloy possessed a much finer microstructure than the cast alloy. Both alloys had similar hardness, but the impact resistance of the HIPed alloy was an order of magnitude higher than the cast counterpart. Despite similar abrasive and sliding wear resistance of both alloys, their main wear mechanisms were different due to their different carbide morphologies. Brittle fracture of the carbides and ploughing of the matrix were the main wear mechanisms for the cast alloy, whereas ploughing and carbide pullout were the dominant wear mechanisms for the HIPed alloy. The HIPed alloy showed significant improvement in contact fatigue performance, indicating its superior impact and fatigue resistance without compromising the hardness and sliding∕abrasive wear resistance, which makes it suitable for relatively higher stress applications.

Fabrication of TiC Particles Reinforced Hadfield Steel Matrix Composite and its Wear-Resistance

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1442-1444
Author(s):  
Xiao Le Cheng ◽  
Yi Min Gao ◽  
Jian Dong Xing ◽  
Min Tan ◽  
Guo Shang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Impact Wear ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wear Tests

The TiC particles are selected as reinforced phase and the Hadfield steel as matrix. The powder metallurgy liquid phase sintering technique is adopted to fabricate TiC particles reinforced Hadfield steel matrix composites. The effects of elements Mo and Ni on the performance of the composites were studied. The impact wear tester is adopted to investigate the wear-resistant property of the composites under the different impact loads. Adding Mo can improve the interfacial bonding between the Hadfield steel and TiC, and the best adding ratio between Mo and TiC is 1:3.68. Adding 2%(vol.%)Ni can significantly improve the density and hardness of the composites. The experiment results of impact wear tests show that under the condition of low and middling loads, the composites display the best wear-resistant properties, moreover, the more TiC content is, the better wear-resistance property is. Under 2.0J impact energy, the wear resistance of the composite containing 40%(vol.%) TiC is 1.3 times of Hadfield steel.

scholarly journals Study for Improvement in the Surface Properties and Wear Behavior of Mild Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 938-948
Author(s):  
Hamdan Gowhar Nahvi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Gtaw Process ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Coated Area ◽  
Surface Improvement

Abstract: Surface of a material can be improved by depositing the filler metal for the enhancement of various properties. Surface should be harder than substrate material for surface improvement. This surface improvement is also known as surfacing. In present research Mild steel specimens of size 140×35×40 were used to deposit surfacing layers and study the feasibility of iron/aluminum with varying compositions on low carbon steel deposited by GTAW process. Specimens for hardness and oxidation resistance were prepared. While studying oxidation of surfaced and un-coated area (base material), oxidation test resulted that the oxidation occurred on surface of base metal (un-coated area) after heating at different temperatures and time intervals. Specimens kept at 500˚C, 700˚C temperatures for 3, 6, 9 hours to get oxidized from un-coated surface but no mark of oxidation and pitting was visible at surfaced area but pitting of un-coated area occurred at 700˚C temperature. Oxidation had no effect to surfaced area. Low temperature oxidation test specimens gave only weight loss from un-coated portion but high temperature oxidation gave high amount of weight reduction due to pitting occurred on un-coated portion. The amount of weight loss of specimens increased with increase in furnace holding time at constant temperature. With increase in temperature oxidation of un-coated area of specimens also increased and pitting action occurred on un-coated area of specimens at high temperature. Further, for the various wear tests the cylindrical pins of 8 mm diameter with spherical tip 4 mm radius was made. Wear tests were carried out on pin on disc sliding wear testing machine. The comparison of wear rate loss was studied with constant sliding distance, varying load and sliding velocity of different compositions of iron/aluminum surfacing and substrate material. Hardness and wear resistance of composition were increased with increase in percentage of Fe element in composition. Composition C1 (Fe:Al/70:30) had high hardness and high wear resistance as compared to composition C2 (Fe:Al/30:70) and C3 (Fe:Al/50:50). Composition C3 (Fe:Al/50:50) had better hardness and wear resistance as compared composition C2 (Fe:Al/70:30). Keywords: Surface improvement, Fe-Al intermetallic, GTAW process, Sliding wear.

scholarly journals Estimation of Tomato Bruising by Mechanical Impact Force Using Multivariate Analysis

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1352-1359
Author(s):  
Jinshi Cui ◽  
Myongkyoon Yang ◽  
Daesik Son ◽  
Seongmin Park ◽  
Seong-In Cho
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Impact Measurement ◽  
Mechanical Impact ◽  
Acceleration Sensors ◽  
The Impact

Fresh fruit bruising caused by mechanical impact is the most problematic effect of mechanical postharvest processing of tomatoes. The conventional postharvest process of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) handling was surveyed from harvest to shipping preparation at a farm in Toechon in the Republic of Korea. Acceleration sensors located on the harvest boxes and fruit skin showed that the most severe impact forces (>10 g) occurred while fruit was moved in and out of the harvest box. Next, multivariate analysis was used to evaluate nondestructively the susceptibility of tomatoes to bruising by developing five estimation models incorporating quality factors and the presence of bruising resulting from peak contact forces. Linear regression models, artificial neural network (ANN) regression models, and a logistic regression model were built; the primary dependent variables were the rates of weight loss and firmness loss, and impact-induced bruising. The impact force was controlled by using a pendulum, which produced four levels of impact force on tomato fruit. Increasing the relative humidity (RH) and firmness, and decreasing the temperature and degree of weight loss decreased tomato fruit bruise damage. In addition, the proposed drop–impact measurement technique, with multivariate analysis, can be used to evaluate tomato quality nondestructively.

scholarly journals The Role of Distribution Forms of Fe–Cr–C Cladding Layer in the Impact Abrasive Wear Performance of Hadfield Steel

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Zhang Pan ◽  
Xuanpu Dong ◽  
Huatang Cao ◽  
Qiwen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Glass Sand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cladding Layers

To investigate the role of different distribution forms of Fe–Cr–C cladding layer in the impact abrasive wear performance of Hadfield steel, the over-lapped Fe–Cr–C cladding layer and dot-shaped Fe–Cr–C cladding layer were deposited, respectively, by plasma transferred arc (PTA) cladding on Hadfield steel. The microstructure, microhardness and impact abrasive wear performance of the two cladding layers under the impact of glass sand, granite and quartz sand were investigated. The results showed that both microstructures of the cladding layers were hypoeutectic Fe–Cr–C microstructures. The average microhardness of the over-lapped cladding layer and dot-shaped cladding layer was around 560 HV0.2 and 750 HV0.2, respectively. The over-lapped Fe–Cr–C cladding layer could only improve the impact abrasive wear resistance of the Hadfield steel under the wear condition of the glass sand. Meanwhile, the dot-shaped Fe–Cr–C cladding layer could improve the impact abrasive wear resistance of the Hadfield steel under all the three kinds of the abrasives because of the overall strengthening effect of its convex shape and the hypoeutectic FeCrC microstructure.

Effects of Glass Glaze on Wear Resistance of Cr2O3 Ceramic Coating

2012 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 267-270
Author(s):  
Shu Pin Zhang ◽  
Zan Liu ◽  
Chang Jun Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Coating ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Resistance Furnace ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spray Gun

In this paper, the thermal spraying powder, which was made by sintering, was respectively mixed by Cr2O3 and glass glaze at the mass ratio of 85%, 95%, and 100%.The three mixed powders were sprayed on the surface of 45 steel by CP-3000 subsonic spray gun. Then the samples were heated in the resistance furnace until the temperature reached 1050°C. At room temperature,the wear resistance of these three kinds of coatings were investigated along with load and time changing under water lubricating. The impact of glass glaze on coatings was found after analyzing the change of the weight loss of the coatings. The result showed that there was not the shedding of splat except some brittle micro-peeling at the rim of splat and furrow on the surface of 85% and 95% Cr2O3 ceramic coatings. The wear resistance of the coatings was improved with the increase of the percentage of glass glaze , and began to desend when the percentage arrived at a certain degree. It indicated that the wear resistance was the best when the percentage was about 95% in this experiment.

scholarly journals Resistance to Abrasive Wear and Volume Fraction of Carbides in Cast High-manganese Austenitic Steel with Composite Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tęcza ◽  
J. Głownia
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Vanadium Carbides ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Manganese Austenitic Steel ◽  
Melt Solidification

Abstract Cast Hadfield steel is characterised by high abrasion resistance, provided, however, that it is exposed to the effect of dynamic loads. During abrasion without loading, e.g. under the impact of loose sand jet, its wear resistance drops very drastically. To increase the abrasion resistance of this alloy under the conditions where no pressure is acting, primary vanadium carbides are formed in the metallurgical process, to obtain a composite structure after the melt solidification. The primary, very hard, carbides uniformly distributed in the austenitic matrix are reported to double the wear resistance of samples subjected to the effect of a silicon carbide-water mixture.

Powder Metallurgically Produced Carbide Free Bainite

2014 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esa Vuorinen ◽  
Jesper Vang ◽  
Malo Carradot ◽  
Pernilla Johansson ◽  
Erik Navara
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Start Temperature

Steels with carbide free bainitic (CFB) microstructures show excellent strength, toughness and wear resistance. Cast or wrought products produced by conventional metallurgy have become gradually introduced in manufacturing of numerous machine components. The required silicon addition of more than 1.5wt% in CFB-steels limits the possibilities to produce components of these steels by P/M methods. The aim of this work has been to investigate the possibilites to produce CFB-steels by pressing and sintering. Four different powder mixtures based on Distaloy DC powder have been pressed to a relative density of 90 % and sintered in a N2-H2 atmosphere at 1150 °C. The sintered components were then austenitized followed by austempering at a temperature above the martensite start temperature. Tensile and impact testing together with microhardness measurements have been performed. The microstructures were studied by optical microscopy as well as SEM and XRD-methods. The tensile strength values achieved varied from 313 to 737 MPa, the elongation after fracture were between 0.1 and 0.2%. The impact toughness values varied between 4 and 11 J. The hardness of the bainite after short sintering time varied between 630 and 710 HV and the hardness of the CFB was 350 HV after short sintering time but reached 573 after prolonged sintering. The microstructure consisted mainly of bainite, small amount of CFB mixed with austenite but also of ferrite and retained austenite after short sintering time. A longer sintering time created a structure consiting of mainly CFB with bainite and a small amount of ferrite. The most interesting applications for P/M produced CFB-containing steels should be components subjected to sliding or rolling-sliding wear loads, as gears. The hardness and strenght values achieved in the present work indicate that P/M produced CFB-steels can prove superior to conventional P/M steels in many applications.

scholarly journals Electrochemical behavior for corrosion protection of mild steel (MS) in 1M HCl medium by using lidocaine drug as an inhibitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-305
Author(s):  
Ali Adel ◽  
El-Aziz Abd ◽  
Tilp Amal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Surface Examination ◽  
The Impact

The impact of Lidocaine as a save corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 1M HCl by using weight loss (WL), Hydrogen evaluation (HE), open circuit potential (EO C P), potentiodynamic polarization (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques has been investigated. Weight loss studied at various temperatures between (25-45oC) but Hydrogen evaluation and electrochemical studies at room temperature. The effect of temperature on the inhibition of corrosion has been studied and the thermodynamic activation and adsorption parameters were calculated. The morphology of MS was examined by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) technology and atomic force microscopy (AFM). EIS data indicate that in the presence of drug the double layer capacitance was decreased and the charge transfer resistance increased. The adsorption of the Lidocaine on MS surface was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm and elucidate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. The Lidocaine drug acts as mixed type inhibitor. All surface examination confirms the formation thin film covered the surface of the metal and prevent the surface of the metal from corrosion.

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