Iron Oxide Rust as Raw Material for the Production of Red Pigment in Paint Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Kiong Sia ◽  
S. Hakimi Mohd ◽  
Ong Pauline ◽  
Kuang Jie Fie
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Ph Indicator ◽  
Pencil Hardness ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Paint Industry

In this study, the potential of rust as a pigment in paint technology via sintering process was investigated. Iron (III) nitrate was the raw material used to make rust or iron oxide. The characteristics of iron oxide were analyzed. Moreover, iron oxide was mixed with other chemical components to make paint. The properties of paint in both liquid state and solid state were determined by portable field viscometer, pH indicator, glossmeter, pencil hardness test, and tape adhesive test. The optimum ratio of paint components for this study where used iron oxide as pigment. The other properties of pigments and paints will be conducted in the analysis study.

scholarly journals Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles ◽  
Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García ◽  
Sarai Ramos-Vargas ◽  
Benedicto Vargas-Larreta ◽  
Omar Masera-Cerutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the relationship between chemical properties, energy efficiency, and emissions of wood and pellets from madroño Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, tázcate Juniperus deppeana Steud, and encino colorado Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. in two gasifiers (top-lit-up-draft (T-LUD) and electricity generation wood camp stove (EGWCS)) in order to determine the reduction of footprint carbon. In accordance with conventional methodologies, we determined the extracts and chemical components (lignin, cellulose, holocellulose), and the immediate analyses were carried out (volatile materials, fixed carbon, ash content and microanalysis of said ash), as well as the evaluation of emission factors (total suspended particulate matter (PM2.5), CO, CO2, CH4, black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC)). The results were statistically analyzed to compare each variable among species and gasifiers. The raw material analyzed showed how the pH ranged from 5.01 to 5.57, and the ash content ranged between 0.39 and 0.53%. The content values of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, and Ca ranged from 0.08 to 0.22, 0.18 to 0.19, 0.38 to 0.84, 1.75 to 1.90, and 3.62 to 3.74 mg kg−1, respectively. The extractive ranges from cyclohexane were 2.48–4.79%, acetone 2.42–4.08%, methanol 3.17–7.99%, and hot water 2.12–4.83%. The range of lignin was 18.08–28.60%. The cellulose content ranged from 43.30 to 53.90%, and holocellulose from 53.50 to 64.02%. The volatile material range was 81.2–87.42%, while fixed carbon was 11.30–17.48%; the higher heating value (HHV) of raw material and pellets presented the ranges 17.68–20.21 and 19.72–21.81 MJ kg−1, respectively. Thermal efficiency showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between pellets and gasifiers, with an average of 31% Tier 3 in ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for the T-LUD and 14% (ISO Tier 1) for EGWCS, with Arbutus xalapensis being the species with the highest energy yield. The use of improved combustion devices, as well as that of selected raw material species, can reduce the impact of global warming by up to 33% on a cooking task compared to the three-stone burner.

Analyses and evaluation of the main chemical components in different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. e389
Author(s):  
M. Camlica ◽  
G. Yaldiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Tobacco Seeds

The nicotine, reducing sugar and ion contents from the threshing of tobacco can re-used from the industry. The crude oil and fatty oil compositions of tobacco seeds can be considered as an alternative source of raw material for biodiesel. In this study, the nicotine, reducing sugar content, crude oil, fatty acid composition and ion content were determined in 29 genotypes and 1 cultivar of tobacco. The genetic diversity was determined among the tobacco cultivar and genotypes base on examined properties. The nicotine content varied between 0.10-0.87%, reducing sugar ranged from 9.70-21.30%, crude oil varied between 24.33-47.00% and fatty acid compositions was found in the range of 77.94-100%. Linoleic (13.92-75.04%) and butyric (0.33-64.98%) acids were the major components. Overall, the BSR-5 (52.56 mg/g) and ESR-5 (44.58 mg/g) genotypes exhibited the highest potassium contents and ESR-7 (6.54 mg/g) and ESR-8 (1.28 mg/g) genotypes had the lowest chlorine contents. As a result of this study, the highest nicotine content, reducing sugar and crude oil of tobacco were found in ESR-4, ESR-11 and BSR-5 genotypes, respectively. The dendrogram analysis divided the tobacco into two main groups and most of the same origin genotypes fell into the same group. The results indicated that the different tobacco leaves and seeds can be evaluated as an alternative source in the industry as cigarettes, biodiesel and different industrial applications such as cosmetic, oil paints and varnishes based on their chemical properties.

scholarly journals Prehistoric pigment characterisation of the Abri Pataud rock-shelter (Dordogne, France)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Lebon ◽  
Lucile Beck ◽  
Sylvain Grégoire ◽  
Laurent Chiotti ◽  
Roland Nespoulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Subsistence Activities ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Iron Oxide Pigments

Iron oxide pigments found in archaeological context constitute an important source of information for the understanding of cultural and subsistence activities of ancient human cultures. In order to complete archaeological contextual information, many analytical methods have been applied to characterise pigments and to provide further information on this material (<em>e.g.</em> supplies, selections, mechanical or physical transformations of raw material, use and application processes). Several studies have demonstrated that the elemental composition of iron oxide pigments can be used to discriminate between several geological provenances. In this study, non-destructive micro-particle induced Xray emission analysis was applied in order to distinguish different kinds of reddish pigments from the prehistoric site of Abri Pataud, more especially from the Layer 2 attributed to Final Gravettian period (22,000 BP). By using an external beam, this technique required no sampling, and enabled us to perform localised analyses directly on raw material, on ochre residues applied on artefacts or on fragments of the wall of this rock-shelter. The results obtained by this technique demonstrate that the pigments covering the decorated fragments of the rock-shelter wall, found during the excavation of the Layer 2, have elemental compositions similar to the composition of a raw pigment found in the same layer. These results suggest that the shelter was decorated during the Final Gravettian period and thus provide new insights for the understanding of the archaeological context of this occupation layer.

scholarly journals High strength glass-ceramics sintered with coal gangue аs а raw material

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Dang Wei ◽  
H.-Y. He
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Sintered Glass ◽  
Utilization Ratio

High strength lightweight glass-ceramics were fabricated with coal gangue and clay as main raw materials. The utilization ratio of coal gangue, the ratio of the coal gangue with clay, mineralization agents, forming process and sintering process on the properties of the fabricated glass-ceramics were optimized. The utilization ratio of coal gangue reached 75, and the ratio of coal gangue to clay was 3/1, as an optimal property was observed. The optimal sintering temperature was found to be 1370?C. At this optimal temperature, the sintered glass-ceramics showed the main phase of mullite and spindle and so showed high strength, low density, and low water absorbance. The appropriate amounts of codoping of the TiO2, ZnO, and MnO2/dolomite as mineralization agents obviously enhanced the properties of the glass-ceramics. Process optimizations further determined reasonable and optimal process parameters. The high strength lightweight glass-ceramics fabricated in this work may be very suitable for various applications including building materials, cooking ceramics, and proppant materials, et al.

scholarly journals Processing of porcelain stoneware tile using sugarcane bagasse ash waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrian Schettino ◽  
José Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Firing Cycle ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Natural Quartz ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash ◽  
Fast Firing

Large amounts of waste materials are discarded in the sugarcane industry. This work investigates the reuse of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as an alternative raw material for porcelain stoneware tile bodies, replacing natural quartz by up to 5 wt.%. The tile pieces were fired at 1230 ?C using a fast-firing cycle (< 60min). The technological properties of the fired tile pieces (e.g., linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density, and flexural strength) were determined. The sintering process was followed by SEM and XRD analyses. The results show that up to 2.5 wt.% sugarcane bagasse ash waste can be used as a partial replacement for quartz in porcelain stoneware tile (group BIa, ISO 13006 standard), providing excellent technical properties. Hence, its application in high-quality ceramic tile for use in civil construction as a low-cost, alternative raw material could be an ideal means of managing sugarcane bagasse ash waste.

scholarly journals Nilai Tambah Produk Olahan Jahe Merah pada UD. VisionBali Herbal Indonesia, Denpasar

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIEF SETIAWAN ROSO ◽  
I KETUT SUAMBA ◽  
NI WAYAN PUTU ARTINI
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Red Ginger ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Product Output

The Added Value of Processed Red Ginger Product at UD. VisionBali Herbal Indonesia, DenpasarThis research aimed to determine the added value of red ginger as an herbal drink in one production process and to determine the level of profits earned by the company in the red ginger processing in one production process. Determination of the study area was done purposively and the analytical methods used was the method of added value calculation, i.e. the product value is deducted by the value of raw materials and other supporting materials.It can be concluded from the result of the research that the added value of the red ginger processing business obtained in one production process is Rp. 84.600,00/kg. The added value is obtained from the deduction of the value of the product/output of Rp. 175.000,00/kg with the cost of raw material (input prices) Rp. 25.000,00/kg and the contribution of the cost of other inputs of Rp. 65.400,00/kg. It was also found that the profits gained by the manufacturer from the processed red ginger into herbal drink in one production process was Rp. 200.954,06. The suggestion that can be given to the company is to put more attention in the details of its production costs so as not to result in a low ratio of added value and further to improve the marketing of the products, so that people are interested in re-use of herbal medicine that is free of chemical components.

Performance of B-Doped SrTiO3/ Ni Sheet for Supercapacitor Material Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Markus Diantoro ◽  
Ahmad Al Ittikhad ◽  
Thathit Suprayogi ◽  
Nasikhudin ◽  
Joko Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Storage Devices

The development of energy storage devices encourages the sustainability of research on basic materials of supercapacitor technology. SrTiO3 is one of metal oxide called as titanate alkali metal ATiO3 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca). This material shows an excellent dielectric constant, thus expected to be potential as raw material of supercapacitor. In this work, boron was used as a dopant on the SrTiO3 system to modify its local structure and enhance the electrical properties. Synthesis SrTi1-xBxO3 was carried out using a solid-state reaction method followed by the sintering process in various molar ratio. The microstructure of SrTi1-xBxO3 compound was identified by X-ray Diffraction with Cu-Kα. XRD pattern identified the presence of SrTi1-xBxO3 phase with a slight change in the lattice parameters. I-V measurement confirmed that the electrical conductivity increased gradually up to 16.04 Ω-1cm-1. For investigating their application for electrode materials, CV was employed and it presents that the specific capacitance and energy density of x = 0.08 were 5.488 Fg-1 and 0.110 Jg-1.

Effect of Control Technology on Properties of Quartz Porous Brick

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long He ◽  
Jin Shi Li ◽  
Mei Hua Chen ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Xin Peng Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Foaming Agent

A high-performance quartz sand insulation brick was prepared by using low grade quartz sand under different sintering process conditions. The optimum sintering process conditions were obtained by analyzing the relationship between microstructure and sintering process. Through the compounding, pulping, forming, drying and sintering processes, and the performance test of the porous brick, the following conclusions can be drawn, the comprehensive performance in all aspects, the porosity is similar, the preferred high compressive strength conditions, in order to get a best The bonding point, brick body sintering temperature of 1150 °C, porosity of 74.56%, compressive strength of 2.1 MPa of porous brick, and the pores are smooth, more uniform distribution. With the prolonging of the holding time, the porosity of the porous brick is reduced, and the performance is 1h, the porosity is 77.22% and the compressive strength is 2.05 MPa. When the raw material ratio is 60% quartz sand, 30wt% kaolin, calcium carbonate 9.6wt%, foaming agent 0.4wt%, water ratio 0.9 holding time at 1h sintering at 1150°C can get better porosity and compressive strength of the insulation brick. The porous material was sintered at 1150 °C, the content of foaming agent was 0.2wt%, the ratio of water to material was 0.9, and the compressive pressure and porosity were the better.

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