The Examination of Waste Industry Sludge Solidification/Stabilization Possibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 1100 ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Bozena Dohnalkova ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Jakub Hodul ◽  
Tomáš Ťažký
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Ecotoxicological Tests ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Strength Tests

The objective of this paper is to examine the solidification possibilities of selected waste in form of industrial waste sludge, within the paper solidification formulas are designed which are subsequently laboratory tested by compressive strength tests after 28 and 60 days, leachability tests and other tests considering environmental impacts – ecotoxicological tests.

scholarly journals Material-removing machining wastes as a filler of a polymer concrete (industrial chips as a filler of a polymer concrete)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
Norbert Kępczak ◽  
Radosław Rosik ◽  
Mariusz Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Natural Fillers

Abstract The paper presents an impact of the addition of industrial machining chips on the mechanical properties of polymer concrete. As an additional filler, six types of industrial waste machining chips were used: steel fine chips, steel medium chips, steel thick chips, aluminium fine chips, aluminium medium chips, and titanium fine chips. During the research, the influence of the addition of chips on the basic parameters of mechanical properties, i.e., tensile strength, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and Young’s modulus, was analyzed. On the basis of the obtained results, conclusions were drawn that the addition of chips from machining causes a decrease in the value of the mechanical properties parameters of the polymer concrete even by 30%. The mechanism of cracking of samples, which were subjected to durability tests, was also explored. In addition, it was found that some chip waste can be used as a substitute for natural fillers during preparation of a mineral cast composition without losing much of the strength parameters.

Measurement of high-alumina cement-calcium carbonate reactions using DTA

Clay Minerals ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Alumina Cement ◽  
High Alumina Cement ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
The Stability

AbstractHydrating high-alumina cement will react with calcium carbonate to form the complex mineral calcium carboaluminate hydrate, 3CaO.Al2O3.CaCO3.12H2O. This mineral is reported to be capable of providing strength in concrete and so may provide an alternative to the minerals normally found in the hydration of high-alumina cement, which may under certain conditions convert to other minerals with a loss in strength. Some doubt has been cast on the stability of calcium carboaluminate hydrate and it has been found that in hydrated high-alumina cement, calcium carboaluminate hydrate decomposes at temperatures in excess of 60°C. Cube compressive strength tests on high-alumina cement and high-alumina cement-calcium carbonate pastes have shown that the latter have a lower strength than pastes made with high-alumina cement alone. When cured at 50°C the high-alumina cement-calcium carbonate pastes show a loss in strength with curing time. Cements made with the high-alumina cement-calcium carbonate mixture always have a lower strength than those made with high-alumina cement alone and so no advantage is gained from their use.

scholarly journals Assessment of the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements for orthodontic cementation

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel M. Farret ◽  
Eduardo Martinelli de Lima ◽  
Eduardo Gonçalves Mota ◽  
Hugo Mitsuo S. Oshima ◽  
Gabriela Maguilnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Diametral Tensile Strength

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mechanical properties of three glass ionomers cements (GICs) used for band cementation in Orthodontics. METHODS: Two conventional glass ionomers (Ketac Cem Easy mix/3M-ESPE and Meron/Voco) and one resin modified glass ionomer (Multi-cure Glass ionomer/3M-Unitek) were selected. For the compressive strength and diametral tensile strength tests, 12 specimens were made of each material. For the microhardness test 15 specimens were made of each material and for the shear bond strength tests 45 bovine permanent incisors were used mounted in a self-cure acrylic resin. Then, band segments with a welded bracket were cemented on the buccal surface of the crowns. For the mechanical tests of compressive and diametral tensile strength and shear bond strength a universal testing machine was used with a crosshead speed of 1,0 mm/min and for the Vickers microhardness analysis tests a Microdurometer was used with 200 g of load during 15 seconds. The results were submitted to statistical analysis through ANOVA complemented by Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The results shown that the Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer presented higher diametral tensile strength (p < 0.01) and compressive strength greater than conventional GICs (p = 0.08). Moreover, Ketac Cem showed significant less microhardness (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed high mechanical properties, compared to the conventional glass ionomer cements, which had few differences between them.

Influence of Mix Fly and Bottom Ashes from Biomass on Selected Properties of Cement Mortars

2019 ◽  
Vol 828 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Jakub Jura
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

The preliminary results of utilization of fly and bottom ash from combustion of biomass for the produce of cement mortars has been presented. Currently, this waste are deposited in industrial waste landfills. The chemical composition of waste materials was determined using X-ray fluorescence (spectrometer ARL Advant 'XP). ). In the studies sand was replaced by mix of fly and bottom ash from the combustion of biomass in an amount of 10-30% by weight of cement CEM I 42.5 R (Cemex). The obtained cement mortar concrete were subjected to microscopic examination (LEO Electron Microscopy Ltd.) and their compressive strength (PN-EN-196-1), frost resistance (PN-EN 1015-11 and PN-B -04500 ) and absorbability (PN-85/B-04500) were identified. The obtained results showed, the replacement of the cement by mix ashes from combustion of biomass reduce consumption of raw materials and will have a good influence on the environment.

scholarly journals Study on Strength Characteristics of Solidified Contaminated Soil under Freeze-Thaw Cycle Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Jinyang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Microcosmic Mechanism ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cement solidification/stabilization is a commonly used method for the remediation of contaminated soils. The stability characteristics of solidified/stabilized contaminated soils under freeze-thaw cycle are very important. A series of tests, which include unconfined compressive strength tests, freeze-thaw cycle tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests, are performed to study the variation law of strength characteristics and microstructure. It aims at revealing the microcosmic mechanism of solidified/stabilized Pb2+ contaminated soils with cement under freeze-thaw cycle. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength of the contaminated soils significantly improved with the increase of the cement content. The unconfined compressive strength of stabilized contaminated soils first increases with the increase of times of freeze-thaw cycle, and after reaching the peak, it decreases with the increase of times of freeze-thaw cycle. The results of the scanning electron microscopy tests are consistent with those of the unconfined compressive strength tests. This paper also reveals the microcosmic mechanism of the changes in engineering of the stabilized contaminated soils under freeze-thaw cycle.

Isothermal Fatigue Behavior and Damage Modeling of a High Temperature Woven PMC

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Gyekenyesi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Stiffness Degradation ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Residual Compressive Strength ◽  
Stiffness Reduction ◽  
Fatigue Damage Accumulation ◽  
Strength Tests

This study focuses on the fully reversed fatigue behavior exhibited by a carbon fiber/polyimide resin woven laminate at room and elevated temperatures. Nondestructive video edge view microscopy and destructive sectioning techniques were used to study the microscopic damage mechanisms that evolved. The elastic stiffness was monitored and recorded throughout the fatigue life of the coupon. In addition, residual compressive strength tests were conducted on fatigue coupons with various degrees of damage as quantified by stiffness reduction. Experimental results indicated that the monotonic tensile properties were only minimally influenced by temperature, while the monotonic compressive and fully reversed fatigue properties displayed greater reductions due to the elevated temperature. The stiffness degradation, as a function of cycles, consisted of three stages; a short-lived high degradation period, a constant degradation rate segment covering the majority of the life, and a final stage demonstrating an increasing rate of degradation up to failure. Concerning the residual compressive strength tests at room and elevated temperatures, the elevated temperature coupons appeared much more sensitive to damage. At elevated temperatures, coupons experienced a much larger loss in compressive strength when compared to room temperature coupons with equivalent damage. The fatigue damage accumulation law proposed for the model incorporates a scalar representation for damage, but admits a multiaxial, anisotropic evolutionary law. The model predicts the current damage (as quantified by residual stiffness) and remnant life of a composite that has undergone a known load at temperature. The damage/life model is dependent on the applied multiaxial stress state as well as temperature. Comparisons between the model and data showed good predictive capabilities concerning stiffness degradation and cycles to failure. [S0742-4795(00)01001-2]

POTENTIAL USE COCONUT MILK AS ALTERNATIVE TO ALKALI SOLUTION FOR GEOPOLYMER PRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gahasan Fahim Huseien ◽  
Jahangir Mirza ◽  
Mohd Warid Hussin ◽  
Mohd Azreen Mohd Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Alkali Solution ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Control Samples

This work aims to verify the feasibility of utilizing coconut milk as the alkali activator solution in geopolymer production and the impact on mortar properties; geopolymer mortar is  still more expensive than ordinary Portland cement mortar simply because the cost of alkali solution. Coconut milk is extensively available in Malaysia and very rich in potassium and sodium. In this research, the coconut milk was used as alkali solution (100%) at first, and then replaced by NaOH, Na2SiO3 and in the last stage mixed with NaOH and Na2SiO3 at 50%. Normal solution component of Na2SiO3 and NaOH with 8 M, and used as control samples. Binder to fine aggregate (B:A) and solution to binder (S:B) ratios were fixed at 1.5 and 0.30 respectively. Multi blend binder based geopolymer mortar are used in this study. The samples were cured with different conditions, cured at room temperature and oven temperature of 60 and 90°C. Compressive strength tests were carried out to determine the properties of hardened mortar. The samples prepared with coconut milk showed low compressive strength as compared to control samples, The results demonstrated that using coconut milk as alternative to alkali solution in geopolymer industry is not a viable option.

scholarly journals Examining Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as Artificial Coarse Aggregates in Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2416-2424
Author(s):  
Erniati Bachtiar ◽  
Mustaan Mustaan ◽  
Faris Jumawan ◽  
Meldawati Artayani ◽  
Tahang Tahang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene

This study aims to examine the effect of recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) artificial aggregate as a substitute for coarse aggregate on the compressive strength and flexural strength, and the volume weight of the concrete. PET plastic waste is recycled by heating to a boiling point of approximately 300°C. There are five variations of concrete mixtures, defined the percentage of PET artificial aggregate to the total coarse aggregate, by 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Tests carried out on fresh concrete mixtures are slump, bleeding, and segregation tests. Compressive and flexural strength tests proceeded based on ASTM 39/C39M-99 and ASTM C293-79 standards at the age of 28 days. The results showed that the use of PET artificial aggregate could improve the workability of the concrete mixture. The effect of PET artificial aggregate as a substitute for coarse aggregate on the compressive and flexural strength of concrete is considered very significant. The higher the percentage of PET plastic artificial aggregate, the lower the compressive and flexural strength, and the volume weight, of the concrete. Substitution of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of PET artificial aggregate gave decreases in compressive strength of 30.06, 32.39, 41.73 and 44.06% of the compressive strength of the standard concrete (18.20 MPa), respectively. The reductions in flexural strength were by respectively 19.03, 54.50, 53.95 and 61.00% of the standard concrete's flexural strength (3.59 MPa). The reductions in volume weight of concrete were by respectively 8.45, 17.71, 25.07 and 34.60% of the weight of the standard concrete volume of 2335.4 kg/m3 Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091626 Full Text: PDF

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