Government Emergency Procurement System Based on Integrated Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 824-827
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Qian Li Dong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Supervision System ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Integrated Theory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Platform System ◽  
Procurement System ◽  
System Operating

Natural disasters and public health emergencies occurred frequently and nearly everywhere in recent years. The emergencies not only seriously affected the production and life of people in disaster areas, but also brought huge economic losses to the state. In order to minimize these losses, the government must establish emergency procurement system to ensure providing necessary materials after emergencies in the fastest speed, best quality and lowest cost for the affected areas. Based on this, this paper, using integration theory, recognizes the government emergency procurement platform system, operating system and supervision system as the elements of the government emergency procurement system, and laid the foundation for further study.

scholarly journals Research on the Modernization of National Governance in Response to Public Health Emergencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Kejun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Governance Capacity ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The People ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

The prevention and control of public health emergencies is an important challenge to national governance level and governance capacity. The increasing practical challenges of public health governance, the imperfect mechanism of public health emergency response and the insufficient investment in public health cause have affected the effectiveness of national governance of public health emergencies and hindered the in-depth promotion of the modernization of national governance. Therefore, the government, society and the people must move from crisis and prevention mechanism to forward-looking and dynamic adaptive risk governance mechanism, from multi-level structural governance to network collaborative governance, and from defense to attack, so as to improve the national system from the aspect of governance efficiency in response to public health emergencies, and then promote the modernization of national governance. 

scholarly journals Problematik Kepastian Hukum Darurat Kesehatan Masyarakat Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Hananto Widodo ◽  
Fradhana Putra Disantara
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

This research is normative research. The purpose of this research is to examine the emergency constitutional law related to the concept of health emergencies as referred to in Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine; and provide comprehensive analysis and formulation related to future emergency law arrangements. The research method used in this research is a statute approach and a conceptual approach; by using primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study are the legal implications related to the determination of the health emergency status based on Presidential Decree No. 11 of 2020 has created legal uncertainty, because the government has actually issued Government Regulation No. 21 of 2020 first; is not a Government Regulation on procedures for determining and revoking the status of determining health emergencies. On the other hand, the determination of public health emergencies is not synergistic with its implementation. Furthermore, an ideal arrangement is needed in the future related to public health emergencies in order to achieve legal certainty in public health emergencies. For this reason, a harmonization of the state of danger law is needed or the establishment of a danger state law such as the omnibus bill

Improving the Governance Mechanism for Responding to Public Health Emergencies under COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Xinle Li ◽  
Changxin Bi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Harmonious Society ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Stable Development

<p>The outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019 has been spreading in China and even around the world, and public health emergencies will have certain impact on the country’s stable development. The government provides a variety of public services for building a harmonious society, including public health services. The government is at the forefront of COVID-19 epidemic management. Effective governance mechanisms will reduce the spread of the epidemic, maintain the image of the government and keep social stability. Therefore, it is of great strategic significance to improve the government’s governance mechanism for responding to public health emergencies. Based on the epidemic background of COVID-19, this article expounds the current situation of the government’s governance mechanism for responding to public health emergencies in China, explains the significance of the construction of the mechanism. Suggestions are put forward on improving the construction of the government’s governance mechanism for responding to public health emergencies, so as to better respond to public health emergencies in the future.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of PHEIC (Public Health Emergency of International Concern) Detection Implementation on The Performance of Port Health Employees Class I Medan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Rakhmad Kurnia Putra Parinduri ◽  
Ismail Efendy ◽  
Asriwati Amirah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Class I ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Work Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Port Health

Public health emergencies can occur imported i.e. the source of the emergency comes from outside the region and the epicenter is the source of the emergency comes from the work area. Both conditions can arise in unpredictable situations so that the ability of the government and stakeholders in preventing, detect early to detect, handle cases as early as possible to response will affect the extent of the magnitude of emergency event sand post-event handling. Readiness surveillance device in the face of the influx of infectious diseases. Early detection efforts are carried out by detecting events through examination and screening, information and Verification of passengers, transport and disease risk factors. This type of research is Descriptive with the aim to know the evaluation of the implementation of PHEIC to the performance of Class I Medan Port Health Office in 2020, based on respondent answers. The population is all quarantine officers in the working area of Class I MPA Medan as many as 58 respondents, sampling using total sampling. The result of research shows that based on respondent answers obtained PHEIC implementation with employee discipline obtained there is still no timely out hours of work and never reprimanded directly by superiors, while supervision is still less than the leadership is more considered objectively and thoroughly, work activities organized together in teams not individually. It is recommended to all employees to enforce discipline, especially at work hours and the need for effective staffing in improving employee performance as well as working based on a predetermined team work.

scholarly journals A Brief Analysis of News Collecting and Editing Strategies of Public Health Emergencies from the Perspective of New Media——Comparison of the SARS Epidemic and the COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Bingjie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Media ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Media Comparison ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government

<p>Public health emergency, especially contagion such as the SARS epidemic in 2003 and the COVID-19 outbreak recently happened, has been one of greatest challenges in human beings' history. How the government handles the epidemic situation will deeply reflect its political system and executive ability, as well as the capacity of all sectors of society to deal with public emergencies. The emergence and continuous development of new media technologies have promoted the transformation of news gathering and editing methods. Because of the experience gathered in the news coverage during SARS, the response speed of new media was greatly accelerated with the media literacy and professional level improved, which matters a great deal to the balance between the opening of information and public opinion control. Thus, government is capable of carrying out controls in a more effective way. Based on the research in the two cases, this paper aims to discuss the changes in efficiency, content transparency and form diversification of news collection and edit, with the discovery of some imperfections exposed in new media, in order to propose targeted improving measures.</p>

scholarly journals Factors influencing the coping abilities in clinic nursing students under public health emergency (COVID-19): a cross-sectional study

BMC Nursing ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xu ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Suyuan Li ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Zheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Public Health Emergencies

Abstract Background Public health emergencies are serious social problems, threatening people’s lives, causing considerable economic losses, and related to all mankind life and health and safety. Nurses are essential in the fight against the public health emergency, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). clinic nursing students are considered as backup health care providers for licensed nurses, the coping abilities and crisis management of nursing students at present deserve attention all around the world. Methods 2035 clinic nursing students were invited to participate in mobile phone app-based survey from Feb 6 to 20, 2020. The demographic items, psychological and behavioral responses, and the coping abilities were conducted. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the independent factors to clinic nursing students’ coping abilities under COVID-19. Results 1992 submitted were valid. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that Confidence to overcome difficulties, Optimism, Active coping, Help seeking and Practice hospital as designated treatment unit were independently associated with the positive coping of clinic nursing students. Fear of COVID-19, Optimism, Avoidance, Help seeking and Severity of epidemic around were independently associated with the negative coping of clinic nursing students. Conclusion Under COVID-19, nursing students’ coping level is superior to the Chinese norm, which is also affected by many factors. As the most direct backup resources of professional nurses, the way clinic nursing students respond to public health emergencies and its influencing factors deserve attention.

scholarly journals Managing enduring public health emergencies such as COVID-19: lessons from Uganda Red Cross Society’s Ebola virus disease response operation

BMJ Leader ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Geiger ◽  
Lisa Harborth ◽  
Alex Mugyisha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Government

BackgroundIn this piece, we translate insights from our study of routine coordination in the Ebola virus disease response operation by Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS) for managing long-lasting public health emergencies. We further show how these lessons are relevant to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Commonly, emergency response organisations, like the URCS or hospitals, are ill equipped to handle longer lasting emergencies. These emergencies require special measures that combine ad-hoc action, continuous awareness over longer time periods, and the collaboration of multiple actors such as the government, public health institutions and other non-governmental organisations (NGOs).ResultsFrom our study we can translate seven lessons learnt which are important for managing long-term public health emergencies such as pandemics: (1) centralised pooling and management of resources; (2) engagement of local communities in response efforts; (3) the need to continuously recruit and train staff; (4) the establishment of adjusted working patterns to prevent staff exhaustion; (5) cooperation of involved agencies with security for enforcing measures; (6) the revision of funding frameworks; and (7) the use of global positioning system (GPS) data to identify population movement patterns.ConclusionAlthough still speculative at this stage, we apply these lessons to the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We argue that immediate action in the areas of resource pooling and control over critical resources, in the engagement of trusted and respected individuals in risk communication, in the continuous training and hiring of new staff, and in the appropriation of GPS tracking data is called for in managing SARS-CoV-2 by policy makers, NGOs and other involved agencies.

scholarly journals How the Chinese Government Has Done with Public Health from the Perspective of the Evaluation and Comparison about Public-Health Expenditure

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9272
Author(s):  
Hui Jin ◽  
Xinyi Qian
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese Public

The COVID-19 epidemic has crashed on the social and economic stability of China and even the world, and raised the question: how has the Chinese government done with public health in recent years? The purpose of this paper is to clarify the definition and items of Chinese public-health expenditure, then to objectively evaluate the Chinese government’s performance, so as to help the government to perform better in public health. To achieve this goal, we measure the Chinese public-health expenditure at national and provincial levels based on our definition, and then compare it with the expenditures of other countries. The results show that: (1) the level of public-health expenditure in China is relatively low and far lower than that in developed countries; (2) Chinese governments have not paid enough attention to the prevention and control of major public-health emergencies, which may be an important reason for the outbreak of COVID-19; (3) Chinese public-health expenditure shows a fluctuating growth trend, but the growth rate is so slow that it is lower than that of GDP and fiscal expenditure; (4) although the Chinese government inclines the public-health expenditure to the poor provinces in central and western regions, the imbalance and inequity of public-health resource allocation are still expanding among provinces; (5) there is a lot of waste of resources in the public-health system, which seriously reduces the efficiency of public-health expenditure in China. Therefore, the Chinese government should improve the quantity and quality of public-health expenditure in the above aspects.

scholarly journals COVID-19 on the Nile: Review on the Management and Outcomes of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Arab Republic of Egypt from February to August 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Yai-Ellen Gaye ◽  
Christopher Agbajogu ◽  
Reida El Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
International Health ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

As the world fights the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 17 million people globally were infected with SARS-CoV-2 as of 1 August 2020. Although infections are asymptomatic in 80% of cases, severe respiratory illness occurs in 20% of cases, requiring hospitalization and highly specialized intensive care. The WHO, under the International Health Regulations, declared this pandemic a public health emergency of international concern; it has affected nearly all health systems worldwide. The health system in Egypt, similar to many others, was severely challenged when confronted with the need for urgent and major expansion required to manage such a significant pandemic. This review uses publicly available data to provide an epidemiological summary of the COVID-19 pandemic behavior during the first wave of the outbreak in Egypt. The article covers mathematical modeling predictions, Egypt’s healthcare system, economic and social impacts of COVID-19, as well as national responses that were crucial to the initial containment of the pandemic. We observed how the government managed the outbreak by enhancing testing capacity, contact tracing, announcing public health and social measures (PHSMs), as well as allocating extra funds and human resources to contain SARS-COV-2. Prospectively, economic losses from major sources of revenues—tourism, travel, and trade—may be reflected in future timelines, as Egypt continues to control cases and loss of life from COVID-19. Overall, trends indicate that the spread of COVID-19 in Egypt was initially contained. Revalidation of prediction models and follow-up studies may reveal the aftermath of the pandemic and how well it was managed in Egypt.

scholarly journals Ethical and human rights considerations in public health in low and middle-income countries: an assessment using the case of Uganda’s responses to COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Barugahare ◽  
Fredrick Nelson Nakwagala ◽  
Erisa Mwaka Sabakaki ◽  
Joseph Ochieng ◽  
Nelson K Sewankambo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background In response to COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of Uganda adopted public health measures to contain its spread in the country. Some of the initial measures included refusal to repatriate citizens studying in China, mandatory institutional quarantine, and social distancing. Despite being a public health emergency, the measures adopted deserve critical appraisal using an ethics and human rights approach. The goal of this paper is to formulate an ethics and human rights criteria for evaluating public health measures and use it to reflect on the ethical propriety of those adopted by the government of Uganda to contain the spread of COVID-19. Main body We begin by illustrating the value of ethics and human rights considerations for public health measures including during emergencies. We then summarize Uganda’s social and economic circumstances and some of the measures adopted to contain the spread of COVID-19. After reviewing some of the ethics and human rights considerations for public health, we reflect upon the ethical propriety of some of Uganda’s responses to COVID-19. We use content analysis to identify the measures adopted by the government of Uganda to contain the spread of COVID-19, the ethics and human rights considerations commonly recommended for public health responses and their importance. Our study found that some of the measures adopted violate ethics and human rights principles. We argue that even though some human rights can sometimes be legitimately derogated and limited to meet public health goals during public health emergencies, measures that infringe on human rights should satisfy certain ethics and human rights criteria. Some of these criteria include being effective, strictly necessary, proportionate to the magnitude of the threat, reasonable in the circumstances, equitable, and least restrictive. We reflect on Uganda’s initial measures to combat the spread of COVID-19 and argue that many of them fell short of these criteria, and potentially limit their effectiveness. Conclusion The ethical legitimacy of public health measures is valuable in itself and for enhancing effectiveness of the measures. Such legitimacy depends on the extent to which they conform to ethics and human rights principles recommended for public health measures.

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