Study on Treatment of Waste Emulsion with Pulse-Electrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 2275-2280
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Sun ◽  
Ye Wang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Pulse Electrolysis ◽  
Plate Spacing ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Cooling And Lubrication ◽  
Electrolytic Effect

The waste emulsion after recycling,Which was acted as cooling and lubrication in the mechanicalProcessing,can be discharged when it reaches the goal of envirmental protection.The emulsion contains a large number of surfactants and other additives,so this Emulsifying Wastewater is quite stable.However, There is the higher cost in the existing approach of processing.It was reported that The pulse electrolytic process can be used to carry on the treatment the waste emulsion in the text.So the influence on the waste emulsion chemical oxygen demand(COD) elimination rate effect by the factorsof pulse electrolysis were investigated ,such as the electric current size, width pole plate spacing and pH value. The results shown that the shown that: the electrolytic effect of the acidic and neutral media is better than alkaline conditions, electrode spacing can improve the electrolytic effect, and appropriate duty cycle, pulse frequency can play a pulse, not only enhance the electrolytic effect, but also eliminate the passivation effect; it will be effective to take suitable current density.

scholarly journals Study on Chromaticity Removal from Mineral Processing Wastewater with Salicylic Hydroxamic Acid by Granular Activated Carbon Catalyzed Ozonation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Shengnian Wu ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Ruihan Yao ◽  
Eryong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydroxamic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Removal Ratio

Salicylic hydroxamic acid is a novel flotation reagent used in mineral processing. However, it impacts the flotation wastewater leaving behind high chromaticity which limits its reuse and affects discharge for mining enterprises. This study researched ozonation catalyzed by the granular activated carbon (GAC) method to treat the chromaticity of the simulated mineral processing wastewater with salicylic hydroxamic acid. The effects of pH value, ozone (O3) concentration, GAC dosage, and reaction time on chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal were discussed. The results of individual ozonation experiments showed that the chromaticity removal ratio reached 79% and the effluent chromaticity exceeded the requirement of reuse and discharge when the optimal experimental conditions were pH value 3, ozone concentration 6 mg/L, and reaction time 40 min. The orthogonal experimental results of catalytic ozonation with GAC on chromaticity removal explained that the chromaticity removal ratio could reach 96.36% and the chromaticity of effluent was only 20 when the optimal level of experimental parameters was pH value 2.87, O3 concentration 6 mg/L, GAC dosage 0.06 g/L, reaction time 60 min respectively. The degradation pathway of salicylic hydroxamic acid by ozonation was also considered based on an analysis with ultraviolet absorption spectrum and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Digital Printing Performance of Cashmere Fabric under Acid or Alkaline Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Yi Nong Yan ◽  
Xiang Ru Zhang ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Jian Jian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
Minimal Damage ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pretreatment Solution

Pretreatment solution which was obtained by many experiments who had a good printing effect was used to do the digital printing experiment on the cashmere fabric. Printing performance of the cashmere fabric in different pH value was compared to improve the printing quality of the cashmere fabric. Digital printing experiments in the alkaline environment were carried out for the first time and the best pH value was found out which could ensure dye uptake, color fastness, anti-seepage property and minimal damage to cashmere fabric. The paper provided basic reference to the actual production.

scholarly journals Spectral Characteristic, Storage Stability and Antioxidant Properties of Anthocyanin Extracts from Flowers of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea L.)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 7000
Author(s):  
Xueying Fu ◽  
Qiang Wu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yanli Chen ◽  
Guopeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Butterfly Pea ◽  
The Stability

Anthocyanins from flowers of the butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) are promising edible blue food colorants. Food processing often faces extreme pHs and temperatures, which greatly affects the color and nutritional values of anthocyanins. This study explored the color, spectra, storage stability, and antioxidant properties of C. ternatea anthocyanin extract (CTAE) at different pHs. The color and absorption spectra of CTAEs at a pH of 0.5–13 were shown, with their underlying structures analyzed. Then, the storage stability of CTAEs were explored under a combination of pHs and temperatures. The stability of CTAE declines with the increase in temperature, and it can be stored stably for months at 4 °C. CTAEs also bear much resistance to acidic and alkaline conditions but exhibit higher thermal stability at pH 7 (blue) than at pH 0.5 (magenta) or pH 10 (blue-green), which is a great advantage in food making. Antioxidant abilities for flower extracts from the butterfly pea were high at pH 4–7, as assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging assays, and decreased sharply when the pH value exceeded 7. The above results provide a theoretical basis for the application of butterfly pea flowers and imply their great prospect in the food industry.

The Study on Anaerobic Fermentative Biological Hydrogen Production with Organic Wastes

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1476-1480
Author(s):  
Xiao Ye Liu ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Jian Yu Yang ◽  
Yong Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Brown Sugar

This papre discussed the ability of H2-production and wastewater treatment, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)using a synthesized substrate with brown sugar wastewater was conducted to investigate the hydrogen yield, fermentation type of biohydrogen production, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate, respectively. The results show that when the pH value was 4.0～4.5, OLR was 24.5kg/(m3•d), oxidation-reduction potential was -350～-450mv, temperature was 34.0°C～36.0°C, hydraulic retention time was 6h～8h, the maximum yield of biogas production reached 20L/d and the maximum content of hydrogen is 70%. Detection of the end liquid product, ethanol and acetic acid are main, they are 70% ~90% of the total liquid product, so that is called ethanol-type fermentation.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations of chemical properties of water of the Kaptai lake, Rangamati, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mukhlesur Rahman ◽  
M Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Kamrul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
K Value ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Project Area ◽  
Disturbed Area ◽  
Four Seasons

The chemical properties are the most important factors in the aquatic environment. The present study was carried out to analyze the chemical properties of the water of the Kaptai lake, Rangamati. The investigation was done from December, 2007 to November, 2008, during four seasons in two sites and three sub-sites. The main aim of the present research was to analyze the water quality of the Kaptai lake. Chemical properties of the water of this lake were determined by different standard methods. The chemical properties of water varied in different sites and seasons. The value of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) was higher in undisturbed (UD) area than in less disturbed (LD) and disturbed (D) area (UD>LD>D). The nitrate (NO3) value was higher in disturbed area than undisturbed and less disturbed area (D>UD>LD). The phosphate (PO4) value was higher in less disturbed area than disturbed and undisturbed area (LD>D>UD). The electrical conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand (BOD) chemical oxygen demand (COD) were higher in disturbed area than less disturbed and undisturbed area (D>LD>UD). The potassium (K) value was LD>UD>D. The pH value was higher in winter (W) than in late monsoon (LM), early monsoon (EM) and monsoon (M) (W>LM>EM>M). The NO3 -1 value was EM>M>LM>W>EM. The PO4 -2 value was LM>M>W>EM. The EC value was W>LM>M>EM. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) value was EM> W>LM>M. The DO value was higher in monsoon than late monsoon, early monsoon, and winter (M>LM>EM>W). The COD was EM>M>W>LM. The K value was EM>W>M>LM. The highest value of pH, K, NO3 and BOD were recorded in the Kaptai hydroelectricity project area (site –A) and the highest value of the DO, EC and COD were recorded in the Longudu area (site-B). This study is the first initiative to assess the detail chemical properties of water of the Kaptai lake.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 6(2): 11-17, 2017 (December)

The Pulse Electrolysis Treatment of Waste Emulsion Orthogonal Experimental Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 2616-2619
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Sun ◽  
Pei Dao Pan ◽  
Jang Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Pulse Electrolysis ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Plate Distance

This mechanical processing waste emulsion for the study, handled by pulse electrolysis. Arrangements by orthogonal testing, experimental study on plate distance (d), current density (i), the pH value and the pulse width (tP) impact on COD removal efficiency, very poor analysis of test data to determine various factors affecting the COD removal efficiency of primary and secondary sort: pH value > current density > pulse width > plate distance, optimal operating conditions. Orthogonal experimental data derived from regression analysis, determination of cross of quadratic polynomial regression equations, mathematical model. Tests confirmed that pulse electrochemical method for treatment of waste emulsion with low energy consumption, short response time, and other advantages, strong applicability of wastewater, building mathematical models, providing theoretical basis for subsequent design.

The Effects of Alkaline Treatment on Excess Sludge Supernatant Characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1046-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Li ◽  
Zhi Min Fu
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand

The effect of alkali treatment on excess sludge supernatant characteristics was studied in this experiment. 4 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution was utilized to adjust the initial pH value of excess sludge to 9.0, 11.0 and 13.0. Batch experiments were operated in 35 °C shaking bath for 12 h. The soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), protein and polysaccharide concentration in excess sludge supernatant was measured every 3 h. The experimental results showed that maximum amount of protein, polysaccharide and SCOD were obtained when the initial pH value was 13.0.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemistry of Surface Water Impacted by Crude Oil Spills in Bodo/Bonny Rivers, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
David N. Ogbonna ◽  
Sebastine A. Ngah ◽  
Patrick O. Youdeowei ◽  
Matthew E. Origbe
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
River Water ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Physico Chemical

The surface water resources of Bodo/Bonny communities in Rivers State suffers regular pollution of its ecosystem due to increase in crude oil exploration, refining and activities of other industrial establishments operating within the coastal areas of the Ogoniland of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.  This have resulted in the wide scale contamination of most of its creeks, swamps and rivers with hydrocarbons and dispersant products resulting in the alteration of the ecological integrity of fragile aquatic systems, bioaccumulation of chemical contaminants by zoobenthos, sediment enrichment, and smothering or asphyxiation of the organisms in water by oil coating, thereby causing death. These conditions have resulted in serious threat to public health and the ecosystems. The study was aimed at determining the physico-chemical characteristics of Bodo/Bonny coastal waters impacted by crude oil spills and their effect on the marine ecosystems. Surface water was collected from 5 stations (BBW1, BBW2, BBW3, BBW4 and LFPW5) with LFPW5 serving as control. Physico-chemical parameters were investigated following standard methods. The results of the physicochemical characteristics of the various sampling points in the dry season showed that pH, TDS and Electrical conductivity values showed statistically significant differences at   P < 0.005. pH was slightly acidic in all sampling locations except for the Link fish pond, the values ranged from 6.20–6.40 which was below DPR Limit of 6.5-8.5 for potable water, TDS recorded 43175–57075 mg/L above DPR permissible Limit of 5000mg/L. Electrical Conductivity (EC) values ranged from 54050 -57050 µS/cm. The Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Turbidity, Chloride recorded in this study varied significantly at P< 0.05. Results of the physicochemical parameters of surface water in the wet season fell within the standard limits except for the conductivity that was above the permissible limits. Comparatively the mean pH value of surface river water with Linked fish pond water which served as the control revealed that the Link fish pond water had the highest pH value of 7.9 than the surface river water samples with a pH of 6.4, TDS (60,200 mg/L), Electrical Conductivity (EC) (µS/cm3) followed a similar pattern with the mean EC value of 55,800 mg/L as against 750mg/L for the Link Fish pond water. Temperature recorded 310C as against 300C for the link fish pond while the Salinity (mg/L) of the surface river water was 31.63 mg/L. Dissolved Oxygen was  2.3 mg/L, Biochemical Oxygen Demand values for the surface river water was 0.49 mg/L while the Link fish pond water had 0.3mg/L. These values obtained in this study shows that the spilled oil in the water could impact on species abundance and biomass by depleting and depriving the fishes from available O2 for survival thus resulting in asphyxiation.

scholarly journals Study on Anodic Oxidation parameters for removal of pesticide Imidacloprid on a modified tantalum surface by lead dioxide film

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Lead Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Transport Control ◽  
Dioxide Film

<p>The commercial imidacloprid (IMD) insecticide [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) methyl-4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-amine] is widely used for the enhancement of crop production, but the intensive use of this insecticide has caused serious environmental problems. This work presents an electrochemical process for the removal of this insecticide using galvanostatic electrolysis at modified tantalum surface by lead dioxide film anode (Ta(PbO2)) anode. The electrolytic process was monitored by chemical oxygen demand (COD). The influence of operating parameters, such as current density, initial concentration of IMD, temperature and initial pH value was investigated. The COD decay follows a pseudo first-order kinetic and the process was under mass transport control. COD removal reach 97% when using an apparent current density of 100 mA cm−2, initial COD of 953 mg L−1 and at 25 °C after 4.5 h electrolysis time.</p>

scholarly journals Sewage Quality Assessment of Various Places in Bilaspur City

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Parashar
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
And Behavior

The quantity, strength and type of sewage depends upon the population, Life style of people and the existence of different types of industries respectively and the amount of treatment required to be given to sewage depends very much upon the source of disposal. In Bilaspur the source of disposal of municipal as well as industrial waste water is Arpa River (Non perennial) which is known as life line of Bilaspur city. The climatic change has already turned the perennial Arpa River into non Perennial River and at this time the Urbanization, Industrial growth and improved standard of living of people of Bilaspur have increased the strength and quantity of sewage in recent years to a point where dilution alone can no longer be relied upon to prevent the undesirable effect of pollution. Hence it is absolutely necessary to study the characteristics and behavior of sewage, to ensure its safe disposal. This study will help us in determining the degree and type of treatment required to a given sewage according to its characteristics and thus to avoid the pollution of the source of its disposal i.e. Arpa river so that the adverse effect of pollution on human health, aquatic life, animals and plants can be eliminated. For the present study we have selected 4 places in Bilaspur City for collection of sewage hence Sample 1 was collected at Vasant Vihar S.E.C.L. Colony, The sample 2 was collected from M/S Narmada Drinks Pvt. Ltd. Sirgitti, The sample 3 was collected at Pachrighat drain. The sample 4 was collected from Nalla near Bannak Chowk Sirgitti. The Chemical tests namely Suspended Solids, Dissolved Solids, Chloride Content, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Physical tests namely pH value, Temperature, Threshold Odour Number (TON) had been performed and the tests results were compared with Indian standards permissible limits. Priority of this journal is to provide our important and valuable information to all people who show interest. The test results indicated that the Sample-1Vasant Vihar is less polluted, Sample-2 Narmada Drinks only requires neutralization of Chloride Content, Sample-3 Pachrighat was polluted and required treatment in summer season for reducing Solids whereas Sample-4 Bannak Nalla was highly polluted and required throughout treatment of higher degree. Out of the four samples the Sample-4 (Nalla near Bannak Chowk) was found to be most polluted sample in terms of Suspended solids, Chloride content, C.O.D., B.O.D. & T.O.N. and the drain containing this sample is being used by local public and is being discharged untreated into Arpa River. This Wastewater must be treated to prevent the Environment and the water bodies.

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