Effect of Screw Rotation Speed on Mechanical Properties of Extruded PLA/Kenaf Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar ◽  
Siti Norasmah Surip ◽  
Nur Naziha Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Fibre Size ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Kenaf Bast ◽  
Extrusion Method

Extrusion is one of established methods of polymer processing with fibre and consequently disperses fibre inside polymer. Different speed shows different behaviour of fibre dispersion. This study was conducted to produce composites from polylactic acid and kenaf by extrusion method. Kenaf bast and core was undergone chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide (6% w/w) followed by hydrochloric acid. Then, kenaf bast and core was mechanically beaten to reduce the fibre size. PLA and kenaf fibre (bast and core) was mixed by extrusion process with 3 different rotation speeds (60, 70 and 80 rpm). Kenaf bast composite and kenaf core composite was referred as KBC and KCC respectively. Flexural and impact strength was done to investigate the effect of different screw rotation speed on KBC and KCC. KBC and KCC processed with 60 rpm rotation speed shows better performance on flexural strength. For impact strength, KBC with 70 rpm and KCC with 60 rpm rotation speed have higher impact values.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Fibre Lengths on the Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
Hendra Suherman ◽  
Kamdini Aksa ◽  
Yovial Mahyoedin ◽  
Edi Septe ◽  
Irmayani Irmayani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Shore Hardness ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Reinforcing Material

Kenaf is a nonwoody fibrous plant, and its fibre can be potentially used as a reinforcement in the matrix to produce biocomposite materials. The properties of biocomposite materials are highly dependent on the reinforcing material and the matrix used as a binder. This study used kenaf fibre as a reinforcing material with different compositions (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) and different fibre lengths (1 cm and 3 cm) in the matrix using the casting process. Low viscosity epoxy resin (635 thin epoxy resin) with a viscosity of 6 poise was used as the matrix. The results showed that the highest flexural strength, impact strength and shore hardness were obtained at a 30 wt.% kenaf fibre composition with a 1-cm kenaf fibre length, namely, 85 MPa, 338 KJ/m2 and 98 SHD, respectively. The length of the fibre in the matrix affects the mechanical properties of the resulting biocomposite. This condition is caused by kenaf fibres with a length of 1 cm being more dispersed in the matrix than fibres with a length of 3 cm.

scholarly journals Influence of water addition on mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch foils

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Chocyk ◽  
Bożena Gładyszewska ◽  
Anna Ciupak ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Leszek Mościcki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Starch Films ◽  
Extrusion Method

Abstract The aim of this paper is to study the influence of water on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch films. Experimental observations of Young modulus and the breaking force of thermoplastic starch foils with different percentages of polyvinyl alcohol and keratin additives and screw rotation speeds are reported. Thermoplastic starch foils are prepared by the extrusion method with the bowling from potato starch and glycerol as a plasticizer. Young modulus and the breaking force were determined by the random marker method. Measurements of Young modulus and the breaking force of the films were performed after their production and after dosing with water. It was observed that in all cases Young modulus decreases after dosing with water, but the breaking force lied in the same range. Thermoplastic starch foils produced at the screw rotation speed equal to 60 r.p.m. have the best mechanical properties. The highest value of Young modulus and the breaking force were obtained for samples with a 1% keratin additive.

Application of physical simulation at study of pipe production processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326
Author(s):  
Ya. I. Kosmatskii ◽  
K. Yu. Yakovleva ◽  
N. V. Fokin ◽  
V. D. Nikolenko ◽  
B. V. Barichko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Pipe Plant ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Helical Ribbing ◽  
Pipe Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Method

Physical experiments allow to obtain maximum information on a studied process at minimal cost, ensuring its higher accuracy comparing with data, obtained by mathematical simulation and avoiding risks, which can occur at industrial testing of new technological modes. Results of studies of deformation in the process of pipes production by extrusion presented. The studies were accomplished at laboratory test units, developed by specialists of the laboratory of drawing and extrusion of JSC “RusNITI”. One of the basic problems at pipes production by extrusion is ensuring minimal possible wall non-uniform thickness. It was noted that the relation between plunger die moving speeds during sleeve pressing-out and immediate pipe extrusion has a significant effect on pipe wall non-uniform thickness. Computer simulation of the pipe extrusion process, accomplished by application QForm program shown that minimal values of wall non-uniform thickness corresponded to relation abovementioned speeds as 0.5–0.8. To check the data, a physical simulation of extrusion process of lead cylinder samples, having outside diameter of 18.94 mm and wall thickness 5.19–5.32 mm was accomplished. For the extrusion, a universal servohydraulic system of dynamic test Shimadzu Servopulser was used. Within the physical experiment a dependence was established between pipe wall non-uniform thickness on relation between speeds of pressing-out and extrusion. The revealed regularity was confirmed during pilot production of a pipe lot at the 55 MN force extrusion line. Another physical simulation of extrusion of 10.0×2.0 mm pipe-samples made of C1 grade lead was accomplished with one- and twothread helical ribbing of internal surface. For its accomplishment an experimental module was designed and manufactured. It was established that rotation speed of the extrusion mandrel had no significant effect on extrusion force. Metallographic studies shown that the extrusion mandrel rotation speed contributes to considerable increase of pipes surface hardness and obtaining finer grain comparing with the classic extrusion method. The technical ability of pipes production with internal helical ribbing by hot extrusion method was confirmed. The results of the study became a base for elaboration of a technology of pipes production at Volzhsky pipe plant according to ТУ 14-3Р-157–2018 “Steel seamless hot-extruded pipes with helical ribbing of internal surface for steam boilers”. Results of physical simulation of pipe drawing process at self-adjusting mandrel with application of lubricant materials of various viscosity. The data obtained were used for elaboration of a technology for production of cold-deformed pipes with internal diameter of 6.0–12.0 mm at Sinarsky pipe plant.

Survey of Relations of Chemical Constituents in Polymer-Based Materials with Brittleness and its Associated Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Brostow ◽  
◽  
Haley E. Hagg Lobland ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Brittle Behavior ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Common Thread

The property of brittleness for polymers and polymer-based materials (PBMs) is an important factor in determining the potential uses of a material. Brittleness of polymers may also impact the ease and modes of polymer processing, thereby affecting economy of production. Brittleness of PBMs can be correlated with certain other properties and features of polymers; to name a few, connections to free volume, impact strength, and scratch recovery have been explored. A common thread among all such properties is their relationship to chemical composition and morphology. Through a survey of existing literature on polymer brittleness specifically combined with relevant reports that connect additional materials and properties to that of brittleness, it is possible to identify chemical features of PBMs that are connected with observable brittle behavior. Relations so identified between chemical composition and structure of PBMs and brittleness are described herein, advancing knowledge and improving the capacity to design new and to choose among existing polymers in order to obtain materials with particular property profiles.

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (PET/EPDM) in the Presence of Nanoclay

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Baifen Liu ◽  
Mohammad Mirjalili ◽  
Peiman Valipour ◽  
Sajad Porzal ◽  
shirin Nourbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Thermal Destruction ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Maximum Stiffness ◽  
Cloisite 30B ◽  
Nano Clay ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sample Maximum

This research deals with the mechanical properties, microstructure, and interrelations of triple nanocomposite based on PET/EPDM/Nanoclay. These properties were examined in different percentages of PET/EPDM blend with compatibilizer (Styrene-Ethylene/Butylene-Styrene)-G-(Maleic anhydrate) (SEBS-g-MAH). Results showed that the addition of 15% SEBS-g-MAH improved the toughness and impact strength of this nanocomposite. SEM micrographs indicated the most stable fuzzy microstructure in a 50/50 mixture of scattered phases of EPDM/SEBS-g-MAH. The effects of percentages of 1, 3, 5, 7 nanoclay Cloisite 30B (C30B) on the improvement of the properties were evaluated. With the addition of nano clay, the toughness and impact strength was reduced. Thermal destruction of nanoclay in processing temperature led to the decreasing dispersion of clay plates in the matrix and a reduction in the distances of nano clay plates in the composite compared to pure nano clay. XRD and TEM analysis was used to demonstrate the results. By adding 1% of nanoclay to the optimal sample, maximum stiffness, and Impact strength, among other nanocomposites, was achieved.

Effect of Dynamic Crosslinking on Mechanical Properties of PP/EPDM Blends

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2642-2650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kruliš ◽  
Ivan Fortelný ◽  
Josef Kovář
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
One Step ◽  
High Impact Strength ◽  
Dynamic Curing

The effect of dynamic curing of PP/EPDM blends with sulfur and thiuram disulfide systems on their mechanical properties was studied. The results were interpreted using the knowledge of the formation of phase structure in the blends during their melt mixing. It was shown, that a sufficiently slow curing reaction is necessary if a high impact strength is to be obtained. Only in such case, a fine and homogeneous dispersion of elastomer can be formed, which is the necessary condition for high impact strength of the blend. Using an inhibitor of curing in the system and a one-step method of dynamic curing leads to an increase in impact strength of blends. From the comparison of shear modulus and impact strength values, it follows that, at the stiffness, the dynamically cured blends have higher impact strength than the uncured ones.

Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Butylene Succinate) by Reinforcing with Modified Fumed Silica

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasirada Weerasunthorn ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fumed Silica ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Ir Spectrophotometry

Fumed silica particles (SiO2) were directly added into poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt mixing process. The effects of amount of fumed silica particles on mechanical properties of PBS/fumed silica composites, those are tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength as well as flexural strength, were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties decreased with increasing fumed silica loading (0-3 wt%). In order to increase polymer-filler interaction, fumed silica was treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPMS), and its structure was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. The PBS/modified was found to possess better tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and flexural strength that those of PBS/fumed silica composites.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Mechanical Properties of High-Density and Low-Density Polyethylene and Their Blends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1821
Author(s):  
Ildar I. Salakhov ◽  
Nadim M. Shaidullin ◽  
Anatoly E. Chalykh ◽  
Mikhail A. Matsko ◽  
Alexey V. Shapagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Izod Impact

Low-temperature properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and their blends were studied. The analyzed low-temperature mechanical properties involve the deformation resistance and impact strength characteristics. HDPE is a bimodal ethylene/1-hexene copolymer; LDPE is a branched ethylene homopolymer containing short-chain branches of different length; LLDPE is a binary ethylene/1-butene copolymer and an ethylene/1-butene/1-hexene terpolymer. The samples of copolymers and their blends were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 13С NMR spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) using testing machines equipped with a cryochamber. It is proposed that such parameters as “relative elongation at break at −45 °C” and “Izod impact strength at −40 °C” are used instead of the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature to assess frost resistance properties because these parameters are more sensitive to deformation and impact at subzero temperatures for HDPE. LLDPE is shown to exhibit higher relative elongation at break at −45 °C and Izod impact strength at −20 ÷ 60 °C compared to those of LDPE. LLDPE terpolymer added to HDPE (at a content ≥ 25 wt.%) simultaneously increases flow properties and improves tensile properties of the blend at −45 °C. Changes in low-temperature properties as a function of molecular weight, MWD, crystallinity, and branch content were determined for HDPE, LLDPE, and their blends. The DMA data prove the resulting dependences. The reported findings allow one to understand and predict mechanical properties in the HDPE–LLDPE systems at subzero temperatures.

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